<p>The aim of this study is to go into depth and analyze the identity ”immigrant” (invandrare) and how it is constituted in Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet and Sydsvenska Dagbladet. An investigation (SOU 2006:21) by Swedish authorities concludes that immigrants are portrayed in an unfavorable way in Swedish media, whilst Gunnar Sandelin in a debate article in Sweden’s biggest morning newspaper (Dagens Nyheter) meant that Swedish media lies about immigrants, creating an image of them that is too favorable that is not in touch with reality. This gives this thesis momentum to further investigate the identity immigrants are given in Swedish media.</p><p>The theory and method used in this thesis is Laclau’s and Mouffe’s discourse theory. Discourse theory is well suited for revealing a certain group’s identity using chains of equivalence or chains of analogy. The discourse theory is sprung out of Marxist ideologies, especially Gramsci’s theories. Social antagonism, hegemony and identity are key concepts in discourse theory.</p><p>The study shows that the word ”immigrant” only appears in articles that concern different problems in the society. No articles underlining the positive aspects of immigrants were found in the study and none of the journalists identified themselves as an immigrant. The newspapers in this study labels individuals ”immigrant” if they are in need of resources and help from the Swedish society. Immigrants were also not able to constitute their own identity though the constituting power was in the hands of the Swedish morning press.</p>

This study explores the hegemonic articulation of ‘feminist politics’ by the Swedish political party Feminist Initiative (Feministiskt initiativ) during 2014 national parliamentary election campaign. The analysis is carried out on two levels: the construction of the hegemonic project of feminist politics and the construction of an antagonist.      Deploying the discourse-theoretical approach by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe as well as the theories of radical democracy and intersectionality, it is shown how a new, broad collective feminist identity is produced by deconstructing womanhood as an identifiable and unproblematic category as well as expanding the signifying chain of feminism by including new social struggles into it. As a result, the feminist subject is conceptualized in radical-democratic terms as a citizen with equal rights, rather than an essentialized female subject. Two nodal points that fix the meaning of the hegemonic project of feminist politics are identified: one is human rights, which enables the expansion of the chain of equivalence, and the other is experience of oppression, which acknowledges differences existing within the movement and prevents it from muting marginalized voices. Discrimination, being the constitutive outside, both threatens and produces the subject: on the one hand, it violates human rights that underlie feminist politics; on the other hand, it produces the experience of oppression that gives a unique feminist perspective to each member of the collective identity. The hegemonic project thus emerges as dependent on the oppressive power of discrimination. The study suggests a critical discussion on how the constitutive outside – discrimination – empties the concept of feminism by a radical expansion of its meaning.    The research furthermore explores the construction of the antagonist of the hegemonic project. Utilizing analytical concepts from the writings of Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek, it is demonstrated how social structures and norms acquire agency and become the significant Other for the feminist identity. The thesis is concluded by a critical discussion on the fundamental impossibility of identification based on opposing oneself to something that can only be expressed with a signifier that ultimately lacks any signified.

This thesis investigates two contemporary theories of radical democracy, Jürgen Habermas’s deliberative and Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic democracy. By bringing the two scholars together and constructing a debate between them, their respective strengths and weaknesses are highlighted and the similarities and differences are pointed out. Habermas and Mouffe are seldom dealt with simultaneously as they represent different theoretical traditions, critical theory and post-structuralism respectively. This thesis argues that we can learn from both of them. The aim of the thesis is to clarify and critically assess Chantal Mouffe’s and Jürgen Habermas’s versions of radical democracy, their disparate visions of democratic politics and subjectivity, in order to clear the ground for a third position that draws inspiration from both of them. The methodological inspiration comes from the deconstructive approach to interpretation, and thus the study aspires to a ‘just reading’ while being conscious of the elements of violence inherent to any instances of reading. The main bulk of the thesis is dedicated to an analysis of the two authors’ theories of democracy and subjectivity, which leads on to the third position situated beyond the two. From Habermas I take the stress on political communication and intersubjectivity, while both these concepts are extensively reformulated. The elements I reject from his position are the orientation to consensus and the strong requirements of coherence and transparency of the subject. From Mouffe I take the accent on the agonistic spirit of democracy, while setting aside the ontological status of antagonism. Her conception of split subjectivity is included, but supplemented with a more explicit theorization of the unity of the subject in the element of intersubjective meetings. The third position on radical democracy embraces the fundamental status of undecidability, which calls for an ethos of questioning.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Essa pesquisa estabelece a relação entre políticas públicas e a política. Especificamente, investiga a influência que têm para a disseminação de conflitos entre agentes por posições nos espaços políticos, gerando condições para manifestação do fenômeno denominado antagonismo posicional. Concentra-se na agenda de políticas públicas redistributivas de Reforma do Estado e de reestruturação da base econômica do Rio Grande do Sul, encaminhadas no governo de Antônio Britto Filho do PMDB, cujos efeitos se estenderam ao governo de Olívio de Oliveira Dutra do PT. Nos programas que têm origem nestas políticas (de Demissão Voluntária, privatizações, concessões rodoviárias, FUNDOPEM-RS e os casos de GM e Ford), investiga as condições para a manifestação do fenômeno analisado através (i) dos resultados obtidos (ii) dos impactos na agenda pública e (iii) da influência destes sobre as articulações e sobre o comportamento eleitoral. Ao final, através da reflexão sobre fatos passados vinte (20) agentes políticos que tiveram agência sobre essas políticas públicas apontam suas motivações e razões para que o fenômeno tenha ocorrido. A explicação é a de as políticas públicas importaram mais para articular a manutenção ou reforços das posições nos espaços políticos do que pelos resultados socioeconômicos produzidos. / This research establishes the relationship between public policy and politics. Specifically, it investigates the influence they have on the conflict between agents for positions on political spaces, creating conditions for the phenomenon so-called positional antagonism. It focuses on the redistributive public policy agenda of both state reform and restructuring of the economic base of Rio Grande do Sul, directed by the governor Antonio Britto Filho from the PMDB party, whose effects extended to the governor Olívio Dutra de Oliveira from the PT party. In programs that originate in these policies (Voluntary Dismissal, privatization, highway concessions, FUNDOPEM-RS and the cases of GM and Ford), investigates the conditions for the manifestation of the phenomenon analyzed by (i) the results obtained (ii) the impact on the public agenda and (iii) the influence of these on the joints and on voting behavior. Finally, through the analysis of past events, twenty (20) political agents who had agency on those policies indicate their motivations and reasons for the phenomenon occurrence. The explanation is that public policies imported more to maintain or reinforce positions in the political space than by socioeconomic results.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 466511 bytes, checksum: f3030460e9ee9f5dba51df5d32e2b05b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-19 / Hahnemann in his book The Organon , on the basis of a long time experimentation, reported that in human organisms similar medicines are antagonist to each other and so they loose effectivity. This statement is supported by experimentation in human body but there is no experimental data in plants. The objective of this research was to test the opposing actions of some homeopathic medicines and to obtain conceptual bases of the antagonism in order to develop homeopathic technologies for plants. The trials were conducted in the greenhouse and the Homeopathy Laboratory of Plant Science Department at Federal University of Viçosa, from august to December of 2005. The experiments follow the split plot model being the treatment in the plots and in the subplot was the determination time (10 minutes) and with 4 replicates. It was evaluated the effect of homeopathic preparations on CO2 assimilations of Ruta graveolens L. plants. Test solutions were the dilution of 4 mL of each homeopathic preparation per 1 L of distilled water being poured 1 mL over the soil at 1 cm around the plant. Along the trial, from 7 to 11 a.m. and after pouring the test solution CO2, assimilation data were taken each minute for 10 consecutive minutes by an Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, mean test and regression through SAEG Statistical Analysis System which detected treatment influence on CO2 assimilation. The homeopathic treatment Apis mellifica 6CH did counteract pathogenesy effects caused previously in the same plant by Cantharis 4CH meaning that antagonism action did happen. The energy differences resulted from dynamization process of Ruta graveolens 3CH to 12CH homeopathic preparations were detected by plants as shown by CO2 assimilation rate. / Hahnemann no seu livro O Organon , com base em extensa experimentação, relata que medicamentos semelhantes inseridos no organismo têm comportamento antagônico e perdem efetividade. Essa afirmativa tem base na experimentação em seres humanos, mas não tem base experimental em plantas. O trabalho teve como objetivo gerar dados sobre a atuação conflitante de alguns medicamentos homeopáticos e elaborar a base dos conceitos de antagonismo destinada a futuros procedimentos tecnológicos do uso de homeopatia em plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na casa de vegetação e no Laboratório de Homeopatia do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2005. Utilizou-se o esquema de parcela subdividida, tendo nas parcelas os tratamentos e nas subparcelas os tempos de avaliação (10 minutos) com quatro repetições. Foi avaliada a ação dos preparados homeopáticos sobre a planta Ruta graveolens (L.) quantificada pela assimilação de CO2. Os preparados homeopáticos foram aplicados via água destilada na diluição de 4 mL por litro de água destilada e vertido 1 mL da solução a 1 cm do caule e sobre o solo. Durante o ensaio (7 às 11 horas) após verter as soluções foram coletados os dados de assimilação de CO2 em 10 tempos de minuto a minuto no decorrer de 10 minutos consecutivos por tratamento após cada aplicação. A taxa de assimilação de CO2 foi determinada pelo equipamento IRGA (Analisador de Gás no Infravermelho). Os dados foram interpretados por meio da análise de variância, teste de médias e regressão utilizando o programa SAEG (Sistema para Análises Estatísticas). Os preparados homeopáticos provocaram efeito na assimilação de CO2 da planta Ruta graveolens (L.). O preparado homeopático Apis mellifica 6CH anulou a patogenesia causada por Cantharis 4CH significando antagonismo aos efeitos de Cantharis. As diferenças de energia causadas pelo processo físico de dinamização dos preparados homeopáticos Ruta graveolens 3CH a 12CH foram detectadas pelas plantas Ruta graveolens (L.) e retratadas na taxa de assimilação de CO2.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1309961 bytes, checksum: 3eca74b86d020398c16106400cefbe19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-13 / The poor microbiological quality of Brazilian raw milk as a result of poor hygienic conditions usually observed during the production. As consequence, raw milk and dairy products present high levels of hygiene indicators microorganisms, suggesting the presence of pathogens. However, pathogens have low competitive ability, suffering direct interference of the autochthonous microbiota of these products. This interference is confirmed by the low occurrence of pathogens in milk and dairy products with poor microbiological quality. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main member of dairy microbiota that establishes this interference, due their ability of producing several antimicrobial substances, like bacteriocins. Innumerable bacteriocins are described in literature, such as nisin, plantaricin and enterocins, and they are characterized by their antagonistic activity against pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, and they are often used as tools for food safety. The objectives of this study were characterize the microbiota of raw milk and soft cheese, associate the LAB population with other microbiological indicators, detect LAB that present antagonistic activity and characterize their bacteriocinogenic nature, identify the antagonistic cultures by genetic sequencing, and detect the presence of nisin genes. Raw milk samples (n = 36) and raw milk soft cheese (n = 18) were collected in Viçosa region, MG and submitted to microbiological analysis for mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, LAB, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Considering the LAB enumeration plates, 389 cultures were randomly selected and evaluated to the production of antimicrobial substances against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Lactobacillus sakei, and to the production of bacteriocins against L. monocytogenes. 20 bacteriocinogenic cultures were submitted to enzymatic tests to confirm the protein nature of antagonistic substances, molecular identification by genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The cultures identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were submitted to polymerase chain reaction in order to detect genes related to nisin codification. The analyzed samples presented higher counts of hygiene indicators microorganisms and LAB, low counts of E. coli and CPS, and absence of Salmonella sp. and L. monocytogenes. LAB populations presented high correlation indexes with mesophilic aerobes, suggesting the effective participation of this group in the microbiota of the samples. It was observed high frequencies of samples presenting autochthonous LAB with antagonistic activity against the target microorganisms, except against S. Typhimurium. 58 (14.9%) LAB cultures presented bacteriocinogenic activity against L. monocytogenes. The LAB cultures submitted to enzymatic tests presented distinct patterns of enzymes sensitivity, confirming the bacteriocins production. The bacteriocinogenic cultures were identified as Lb. plantarum (2) and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (18) with genetic similarity to several strains and grouped in distinct phylogenetic groups. Considering the 18 L. lactis subsp. lactis, 7 presented genes related to nisin codification. The obtained results indicate the presence of bacteriocinogenic LAB as natural compounds of raw milk and soft cheese microbiota, presenting antagonistic activity against pathogens. The wide variability genetic and bacteriocins production of these cultures indicate their potential for controlling L. monocytogenes in foods. / A qualidade microbiológica do leite cru brasileiro é reflexo das precárias condições de higiene usualmente observadas em sua produção. Como consequência, esse produto e seus derivados apresentam altas contagens de microrganismos indicadores de higiene, sugerindo a presença de patógenos. Entretanto, devido a sua fraca capacidade de competição, os patógenos sofrem interferência direta da microbiota autóctone desses produtos. Essa interação é confirmada pela baixa ocorrência desses microrganismos em leite e derivados com elevadas contagens de indicadores de higiene. As bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) são os principais componentes da microbiota láctea que determinam essa interferência, pela habilidade de produzir diversas substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana, como as bacteriocinas. Diversas bacteriocinas são descritas na literatura, como nisina, plantaricina e enterocinas, e são caracterizadas por possuírem atividade antagonista contra diversos patógenos e microrganismos deteriorantes, sendo frequentemente utilizadas como ferramentas para garantia da segurança alimentar. Os objetivos desse estudo foram caracterizar a microbiota de amostras de leite cru e queijo minas frescal, relacionar as populações de BAL com a de outros grupos naturalmente presentes, detectar BAL com atividade antagonista e caracterizar sua natureza bacteriocinogênica, identificar essas culturas por sequenciamento genético, e detectar a presença de genes codificadores de nisina. Amostras de leite cru (n = 36) e queijo minas frescal produzido com leite cru (n = 18) foram coletadas na região de Viçosa, MG e submetidas à pesquisa de aeróbios mesófilos, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, BAL, Estafilococos coagulase positivoss (ECP), Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella sp. A partir das placas semeadas para enumeração de BAL, 389 culturas foram aleatoriamente selecionadas e avaliadas quanto à produção de substâncias antimicrobianas com atividade contra L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium e Lactobacillus sakei, e quanto à produção de bacteriocinas contra L. monocytogenes. Vinte culturas identificadas como bacteriocinogênicas foram submetidas a testes enzimáticos para confirmação da natureza protéica, à identificação molecular e análise filogenética. O DNA das culturas identificadas como Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase para detecção de genes codificadores de nisina. As amostras analisadas apresentaram altas contagens de indicadores de higiene e BAL, baixas contagens de E. coli e ECP e ausência de Salmonella sp. ou L. monocytogenes. As populações de BAL apresentam alta correlação com as populações de aeróbios mesófilos, sugerindo a participação efetiva desse grupo na microbiota das amostras. Foram observadas altas frequências de amostras contendo BAL com atividade antagonista contra os microrganismos alvo, com exceção à S. Typhimurium. Cinquenta e oito (14,9%) culturas de BAL apresentaram atividade bacteriocinogênica contra L. monocytogenes. As culturas submetidas à confirmação da natureza protéica das substâncias antimicrobianas apresentaram distintos padrões de sensibilidade a enzimas, confirmando a produção de bacteriocinas. As culturas bacteriocinogênicas foram identificadas como Lactobacillus plantarum (2) e Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (18), com similaridade genética em diferentes isolados, e agrupadas em diferentes grupos filogenéticos. Das 18 culturas identificas como Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, 7 apresentaram genes relacionados a codificação de nisina. Os resultados obtidos indicam a presença de BAL bacteriocinogênicas como constituintes da microbiota de leite cru e queijo minas frescal, com potencial antagonista contra patógenos. Essas culturas apresentaram diferentes perfis genéticos e quanto à produção de bacteriocinas, revelando seu uso potencial no controle de L. monocytogenes em alimentos.

Submitted by Laiara Perin (laiaraperin@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-26T01:33:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - LAIARA PERIN.pdf: 5295585 bytes, checksum: a0a239d5cec343f92a1d8c0873874078 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-26T13:09:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 perin_l_me_bauru.pdf: 5220646 bytes, checksum: c325e74a8afed520d67266ab30898297 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T13:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 perin_l_me_bauru.pdf: 5220646 bytes, checksum: c325e74a8afed520d67266ab30898297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Analisou-se, nesta pesquisa, a comunicação em mídia digital de quatro movimentos sociais contemporâneos: Levante Popular da Juventude, Mídia Ninja, Movimento Brasil Livre e Movimento Contra Corrupção. Esses movimentos, integrados majoritariamente por jovens, abordam a temática política como conteúdo principal. Os dois primeiros se posicionam contrários ideologicamente aos dois últimos. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi examinar a utilização que esses movimentos fazem das mídias sociais na internet, com maior atenção ao Facebook, mas também a suas páginas oficiais. Para isso, fez-se o monitoramento dessas mídias durante três dias, por ocasião da votação do processo de impeachment da ex-presidente Dilma Rousseff. Foi selecionada uma amostra de postagens mais relevantes para um exame quantitativo, sobre indicadores de interação e engajamento, e qualitativo, analisando-se os conteúdos verbais e visuais que representam os posicionamentos políticos desses movimentos. Buscou-se compreender, a partir desse estudo, como a comunicação desses movimentos políticos em mídias sociais influencia positiva ou negativamente a formação política da população brasileira com a qual interagem. Ao fim do trabalho, foram oferecidas algumas análises sobre a comunicação promovida por esses movimentos na internet e o que essas refletem, discutindo se há uma construção de polarização ideológica e antagonismos políticos ou se buscam uma formação de cultura política de base cidadã. / This research analyzed the communication based on digital media of four contemporary social movements: Levante Popular da Juventude (Popular Rising of the Youth), Mídia Ninja (Narrative Independent Journalism and Action), Movimento Brasil Livre (Free Brazil Movement) and Movimento Contra Corrupção (Movement Against Corruption). These movements mainly consisted of young people approach the political theme as the main content. The first two are ideologically opposed to the last two. The main purpose of this work was to examine how the movements studied use social media in the internet, giving more attention to Facebook, but also considering its official pages. For this, on the occasion of the impeachment process of the former president Dilma Rousseff these media were monitored during three days. A sample of more relevant postings for a quantitative exam about indicators of interaction and engagement and also qualitative to analyze the verbal and visual contents which represent the political positions of these movements was selected. From this study, we aimed to understand how the communication of these political movements in social media influences positively or negatively the political education of the Brazilian population with which they interact. Therefore, at the end of the work, some analyzes of the communication promoted by these movements on the Internet and what they reflect were offered, discussing whether there is a construction of ideological polarization and political antagonisms or if they seek a formation of political culture based on citizenship.

Resumo: As formigas da tribo Attini são conhecidas pela complexa simbiose que mantêm com fungos, os quais cultivam como alimento. É sabido que além desse fungo, outros microrganismos podem ser encontrados nos ninhos desses insetos e estudos prévios apontaram que alguns microfungos (i.e. leveduras e fungos filamentosos) podem ser importantes nessa simbiose. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o papel desses microfungos associados aos jardins dessas formigas. Analisando várias espécies do gênero Acromyrmex do sul do Brasil, demonstrou-se que as formigas importam uma comunidade diversa de microfungos para seus ninhos, provavelmente provenientes do solo e do substrato vegetal que as formigas utilizam para cultivar seu fungo. Num segundo estudo, avaliando formigas Attini da América do Norte (Atta texana, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis e Cyphomyrmex wheeleri) observou-se que a estrutura das comunidades de microfungos nos jardins desses insetos não se correlaciona com a variação sazonal, sugerindo que não existam relações espécie-específicas entre as formigas e os microfungos. Apesar de tais microrganismos não serem especialistas dos jardins desses insetos, é sugerido que os microfungos atuem como antagonistas do fungo simbionte. Ainda, descobriu-se que o parasita especializado Escovopsis spp. parece ser menos freqüente nas populações de formigas da América do Sul em relação as Attini da América Central, porém estudos adicionais são necessários para estabelecer a epidemiologia desse parasita nos ninhos das Attini. Num terceiro estudo, demonstrou-se que leveduras presentes nos jardins de fungos da formiga cortadeira A. texana inibem o crescimento de Escovopsis spp., sugerindo que esses insetos utilizam outros microrganismos, além das bactérias presentes em suas cutículas (Pseudonocardia spp.), para inibir esse parasita. Esse achado traz importantes implicações para essa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ants in the tribe Attini are well-known social insects that maintain a symbiotic relationship with fungi which they cultivate as food. Besides of the cultivated fungi, fungus gardens contain several other microorganisms considered to be potential players in this symbiosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible roles of microfungi (i.e. yeasts and filamentous fungi) in attine gardens. Our microbial profiling of gardens from several species in the genus Acromyrmex from South Brazil revealed that ants can harbor a diverse community of microfungi that probably originated from the surrounding soil or from the substrate used to manure the cultivated fungus. In this sense, additional studies of North American attine species (Atta texana, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis and Cyphomyrmex wheeleri) demonstrated that the structure of microfungal communities in gardens of these ants did not correlate with seasonal changes over a one year period, again suggesting there are no species-specific relationships among ants and microfungi species. Although, the microfungi are not specialized parasites of the attine ant-fungus symbiosis we suggest they can be considered antagonists to the cultivated fungus. Moreover, we demonstrated that the specialized parasite Escovopsis spp. is probably less frequent in South America than in Central America and we reinforce that additional studies are necessary to unravel the epidemiology of this parasite in attine gardens. In another study, we showed that yeasts isolated from gardens of the leafcutter ant A. texana can significantly inhibit the growth of Escovopsis sp. This interesting finding suggests that attine ants may use additional microbes to protect their gardens against Escovopsis spp. and not only actinomycete bacteria (Pseudonocardia spp.) found in their cuticles. Finally, we studied microfungi relationships with female alates (gynes) in two... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Fernando Carlos Pagnocca / Coorientador: Mauricio Bacci Junior / Banca: Carlos Augusto Rosa / Banca: Lara Durães Sette / Banca: Luiz Carlos Forti / Banca: Maria José Aparecida Hebling / Doutor

Essa pesquisa estabelece a relação entre políticas públicas e a política. Especificamente, investiga a influência que têm para a disseminação de conflitos entre agentes por posições nos espaços políticos, gerando condições para manifestação do fenômeno denominado antagonismo posicional. Concentra-se na agenda de políticas públicas redistributivas de Reforma do Estado e de reestruturação da base econômica do Rio Grande do Sul, encaminhadas no governo de Antônio Britto Filho do PMDB, cujos efeitos se estenderam ao governo de Olívio de Oliveira Dutra do PT. Nos programas que têm origem nestas políticas (de Demissão Voluntária, privatizações, concessões rodoviárias, FUNDOPEM-RS e os casos de GM e Ford), investiga as condições para a manifestação do fenômeno analisado através (i) dos resultados obtidos (ii) dos impactos na agenda pública e (iii) da influência destes sobre as articulações e sobre o comportamento eleitoral. Ao final, através da reflexão sobre fatos passados vinte (20) agentes políticos que tiveram agência sobre essas políticas públicas apontam suas motivações e razões para que o fenômeno tenha ocorrido. A explicação é a de as políticas públicas importaram mais para articular a manutenção ou reforços das posições nos espaços políticos do que pelos resultados socioeconômicos produzidos. / This research establishes the relationship between public policy and politics. Specifically, it investigates the influence they have on the conflict between agents for positions on political spaces, creating conditions for the phenomenon so-called positional antagonism. It focuses on the redistributive public policy agenda of both state reform and restructuring of the economic base of Rio Grande do Sul, directed by the governor Antonio Britto Filho from the PMDB party, whose effects extended to the governor Olívio Dutra de Oliveira from the PT party. In programs that originate in these policies (Voluntary Dismissal, privatization, highway concessions, FUNDOPEM-RS and the cases of GM and Ford), investigates the conditions for the manifestation of the phenomenon analyzed by (i) the results obtained (ii) the impact on the public agenda and (iii) the influence of these on the joints and on voting behavior. Finally, through the analysis of past events, twenty (20) political agents who had agency on those policies indicate their motivations and reasons for the phenomenon occurrence. The explanation is that public policies imported more to maintain or reinforce positions in the political space than by socioeconomic results.