Tesis doctoral--Universidad Nacional de San Juan, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-276).

This thesis absorbs and reflects on Choiseul Island responses and caution towards the making of anthropological knowledge. Initial interests that can easily become familiar to anthropology as research topics such as village life, local cosmology and local alternatives to cosmologies of climate and ecology, make way here for another activity of working through Choiseul responses to anthropology. In taking seriously the precautions and the considerations of people in this Solomon Islands locality, anthropology is invited to put a stoppage to practices that it would consider ordinary and part of anthropological knowledge making. This impasse for the discipline is outlined and explored in various chapters, in which usual styles of ethnography and topic-making take formation in respect of a Choiseul world that does not fit easily into encapsulation by anthropology. Effects for the discipline of anthropology are given consideration, within a wider view of imagining how an alternative anthropology in the vernacular can also entail an obviation of anthropology itself in favour of new forms of cultural sensitivity.

Centrée sur les rapports de Zhu Xi (1130-1200) et Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1193), lettrés-fonctionnaires de la dynastie Song généralement perçus comme des représentants majeurs de ce qu’on appelle le « néoconfucianisme », cette étude fait fond sur les acquis de l’histoire intellectuelle de la période pour proposer une perspective nouvelle sur les formes de controverse dans la Chine traditionnelle. En partant d’une description pragmatique des propos et actions de ces lettrés, ainsi que d’une traduction originale de certains des textes que ceux-ci produisent et pratiquent, on s’y efforce, à rebours des approches objectivantes, de s’en tenir strictement au point de vue indigène. La description des règles présupposées par les acteurs permet de dégager un système de valeurs conscientes, qui hiérarchise le sens autour de l’idée de « savoir » et interroge en retour notre conception moderne du savoir. La compréhension profonde de cet ordre du sens réclame la formulation d’une anthropologie adéquate, dont on trouve l’inspiration dans les concepts et la méthode de Louis Dumont et qui conduit ici à un essai d’anthropologie du savoir. Au plan analytique, cette perspective d’ensemble manifeste sa productivité dans le surcroît d’intelligibilité qu’elle apporte quant à la relation de Zhu Xi et Lu Jiuyuan, et plus largement quant aux dynamiques collectives qui traversent leurs rapports. Au plan disciplinaire, elle confirme l’importance du regard anthropologique pour l’histoire de la Chine, et en retour le caractère précieux de la sinologie pour l’anthropologie. / By focusing on the relations between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, two scholar-officials of the Song dynasty generally seen as major representatives of what is often called “neoconfucianism”, this dissertation uses the insights of the intellectual history of the period to propose a new perspective to study the patterns of controversy in traditional China. Taking as a starting point both a pragmatic description of the words and deeds of these two literati and an original translation of some texts they produce and put into practice, it attempts to stick to an emic point of view against any objectivist bias. The description of the assumptions of the actors (i.e., the rules that pattern their speech and actions) enables us to reconstruct a system of conscious values hierarchized under the idea of “knowledge”, and thereby puts into question our modern conception of knowledge. In order to achieve a deep understanding of this order of meaning, one needs to elaborate a suitable anthropology, for which the concepts and method developed by Louis Dumont have proved to be of fundamental value, leading to an attempt at an anthropology of knowledge. On an analytical level, the overall perspective we propose contributes to the intelligibility of the relation between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, and, more generally, to the collective dynamics underlying this relation. On a disciplinary level, it confirms both the importance of an anthropological approach for the understanding of Chinese history and, in return, the importance of sinology as a source of precious insights for anthropology.

Acompanhar as flutuações e os percursos bandeirantes na cidade de São Paulo, objetivo desta tese, significa balizar os usos que pessoas e grupos fazem desse personagem para dar sentido a suas experiências em momentos e lugares específicos. Produzido no interior de uma teia de práticas e discursos, o bandeirante não é uma categoria fixa, tampouco tem seu significado dado de antemão. Para além de figura histórica do período colonial brasileiro, trata-se da invenção de uma metrópole que ele mesmo ajuda a produzir, numa operação na qual sobrepõe, cruza, destrói e reinventa falas, atitudes e miradas, muitas vezes contraditórias. Ao trazê-lo para o primeiro plano (com os diferentes sentidos e formas que sua figura vai assumindo, assim como as associações que ela estabelece e que a constituem), procuro mostrar como suas tão variadas encarnações não se substituem uma à outra, em linha diacrônica, mas convivem, muitas vezes de modo tenso e ambíguo, em distintos enredos simultâneos. Sensível às transformações da cidade, o bandeirante comenta as mudanças urbanas e lhes confere sentido, não apenas expressando essas transformações, mas engendrando-as e produzindo-as. Presença incontornável na capital paulista, ele se insere em frentes, espaços e ramos diversos, sendo cultivado e recriado em um movimento permanente. Atenta às reelaborações locais e às tantas historicidades nele impregnadas, sigo os itinerários acidentados de algumas figurações desse personagem que, ao se recriar no tempo e com o tempo, condensa e articula diferentes embates, temporalidades e sentidos. / Accompanying the moves and paths of the Bandeirantes in the city of São Paulo, the objective of this thesis, means surveying the uses that peoples and groups make of these characters in order to bestow meaning on their experiences at specific moments and in specific places. Produced within a web of practices and discourses, the Bandeirantes are not a set category, nor is their meaning pre-established. More than historical figures from the colonial period in Brazil, they are an invention of a metropolis that they themselves helped to produce in an operation in which sayings, attitudes and views, often times contradictory, are overlapped, intersected, destroyed and reinvented. By bringing them to the forefront (with the different meanings and forms that these figures assume, as well as the associations established, and which constitute them), I attempt to demonstrate how their varied incarnations do not substitute one another, in a diachronic line, but instead coexist, often in a tense and ambiguous manner, in distinct, simultaneous story-lines. Sensitive to the citys transformations, the Bandeirantes comment on urban changes and confers meaning upon them, not only expressing these transformations, but also engendering and producing them. An inescapable presence in the city of São Paulo, they are found in facades, spaces and sectors, cultivated and recreated in a permanent movement. Mindful of local redevelopments and the many historicities imbued in these characters, I follow the turbulent journeys of some of the manifestations of the Bandeirantes, which, through their self-reinvention in time and with time, embody and convey a series of conflicts, temporalities and meanings.

Acompanhar as flutuações e os percursos bandeirantes na cidade de São Paulo, objetivo desta tese, significa balizar os usos que pessoas e grupos fazem desse personagem para dar sentido a suas experiências em momentos e lugares específicos. Produzido no interior de uma teia de práticas e discursos, o bandeirante não é uma categoria fixa, tampouco tem seu significado dado de antemão. Para além de figura histórica do período colonial brasileiro, trata-se da invenção de uma metrópole que ele mesmo ajuda a produzir, numa operação na qual sobrepõe, cruza, destrói e reinventa falas, atitudes e miradas, muitas vezes contraditórias. Ao trazê-lo para o primeiro plano (com os diferentes sentidos e formas que sua figura vai assumindo, assim como as associações que ela estabelece e que a constituem), procuro mostrar como suas tão variadas encarnações não se substituem uma à outra, em linha diacrônica, mas convivem, muitas vezes de modo tenso e ambíguo, em distintos enredos simultâneos. Sensível às transformações da cidade, o bandeirante comenta as mudanças urbanas e lhes confere sentido, não apenas expressando essas transformações, mas engendrando-as e produzindo-as. Presença incontornável na capital paulista, ele se insere em frentes, espaços e ramos diversos, sendo cultivado e recriado em um movimento permanente. Atenta às reelaborações locais e às tantas historicidades nele impregnadas, sigo os itinerários acidentados de algumas figurações desse personagem que, ao se recriar no tempo e com o tempo, condensa e articula diferentes embates, temporalidades e sentidos. / Accompanying the moves and paths of the Bandeirantes in the city of São Paulo, the objective of this thesis, means surveying the uses that peoples and groups make of these characters in order to bestow meaning on their experiences at specific moments and in specific places. Produced within a web of practices and discourses, the Bandeirantes are not a set category, nor is their meaning pre-established. More than historical figures from the colonial period in Brazil, they are an invention of a metropolis that they themselves helped to produce in an operation in which sayings, attitudes and views, often times contradictory, are overlapped, intersected, destroyed and reinvented. By bringing them to the forefront (with the different meanings and forms that these figures assume, as well as the associations established, and which constitute them), I attempt to demonstrate how their varied incarnations do not substitute one another, in a diachronic line, but instead coexist, often in a tense and ambiguous manner, in distinct, simultaneous story-lines. Sensitive to the citys transformations, the Bandeirantes comment on urban changes and confers meaning upon them, not only expressing these transformations, but also engendering and producing them. An inescapable presence in the city of São Paulo, they are found in facades, spaces and sectors, cultivated and recreated in a permanent movement. Mindful of local redevelopments and the many historicities imbued in these characters, I follow the turbulent journeys of some of the manifestations of the Bandeirantes, which, through their self-reinvention in time and with time, embody and convey a series of conflicts, temporalities and meanings.

Les savoirs géographiques à l’école élémentaire se façonnent selon une variation en trois temps : d’abord les pulsations du contemporain, rapides et changeantes, dont les programmes et les inquiétudes qu’ils suscitent sont la partie visible ; puis le temps de chaque enseignant, dans sa classe, avec ses élèves, porté par ses propres savoirs géographiques, ses spatialités et ses représentations sur ce qu’est, ce qu’a été et ce que pourrait / devrait être l’enseignement de la géo à l’école ; enfin il y a le temps « quasi immobile » d’une solide, lointaine, mais essentielle fondation qui répond aux besoins de chaque être humain de se situer spatialement pour habiter et être-au-monde. Ces trois temporalités se recouvrent et, telles des couches géologiques, sont mouvantes (faites de divergences et de convergences, de glissements, de fissures et de failles, d’affleurements). Elles coexistent donc tout en étant parfois dissonantes et dysfonctionnantes. Pourtant, dans les classes, à l’école élémentaire, tous les jours que compte l’année scolaire, on fait de la géo-graphie. C’est donc l’énigme de cette coexistence que cette thèse se propose de résoudre.Chacun des deux tomes (Positifs et Négatifs) est organisé en trois mouvements (trois livres et trois corpus) qui peuvent être lus de manière autonome. Mais c’est l’ensemble du dispositif, conçu comme un laboratoire, qui permet le dénouement de l’intrigue. Fondé sur une observation participante de deux années dans une classe de CM1, sur des entretiens et une enquête dans l’univers des blogs tenus par des enseignants, ce dispositif fut élaboré au fil du temps de la thèse et délimite les contours d’un espace de recherche en sciences sociales, hybridant l’histoire et l’épistémologie de la géographie, les méthodes de l’anthropologie tout en mobilisant des savoirs relevant de la géographie, de l’histoire, des arts graphiques et plastiques, de la littérature ou de la philosophie. Je montre ainsi qu’il est possible d’étudier des savoirs comme des processus et de ne pas penser ceux-ci comme des savoirs scolaires déjà-là, assignés, mais comme des savoirs mêlant des faire et des dire qui se déploient dans un ensemble de gestes, de mots, d’images et d’imaginaires, de routines et de techniques.En proposant une Ethnographie des savoirs géographiques à l’école, j’ai voulu construire une méthode de recherche qui s’écarte des travaux habituellement menés dans le champ de la didactique disciplinaire pour envisager une analyse différente sur les savoirs transmis et par conséquent aussi sur ce que ces derniers représentent pour la communauté des géographes. Segmenter en deux mots distincts le préfixe geo et le suffixe graphie et les relier par un tiret est ainsi une manière d’identifier, par un procédé graphique et sémantique, l’élémentaire contemporain de la géographie que je définis donc comme des géo-graphies élémentaires. / Geographical knowledge in primary school is shaped according to a variation in three stages : first, the pulsations of present time, fast-moving, whose school curricula and the concerns they have raised, are the visible part ; then the time of each primary school teacher, in his classroom, with his pupils, driven by his own geographical knowledge, his spatialities and his representations on what is, what was and what could / should be the teaching of Geo at primary school ; finally, there is the "almost motionless" time of a solid, ancient but essential foundation that responds to the needs of each human being to situate himself spatially to inhabit and be-in-the-world. These three temporalities overlap and, like geological layers, are shifting (made up of divergences and convergences, sliding, cracks and faults, outcrops). They therefore coexist while being dissonant and dysfunctional. However, in the classrooms, in primary school, every day that counts the school year, geography is done. It is therefore the enigma of this coexistence that this thesis proposes to solve. Each of the two volumes (Positives and Negatives) is organized in three movements (three books and three corpus) which can be read autonomously, but it is the whole device designed as a laboratory that allows the outcome of the plot. Material drawn from a participative observation in a Year-5 class (CM1) in Paris, interviews and a survey in the world of teacher blogs. This apparatus has been shaped and elaborated over time of the thesis and delimits the contours an area of social sciences research hybridizing the history and epistemology of geography, methods of anthropology, while mobilizing knowledge related to geography, history, graphic and plastic arts, literature or philosophy. I thus show that it is possible to study knowledge as a process and not to think of it as school knowledge already assigned to it, but as knowledge combining making and speeches that unfold in a whole gestures, words, images and imaginations, routines and techniques.By proposing an Ethnography of geographical knowledge at school, I wanted to build a research method that deviates from the work usually carried out in the field of didactic in order to suggest a different analysis on the knowledge passed and consequently also on what the latter represent for the community of geographers. By proposing to divide the geo prefix and the graphic suffix into two distinct words and to connect them by a dash, I identify by a graphical and semantic process the elementary contemporary of geography, which I thus define as elementary geo-graphies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_gtm_dr_mar.pdf: 1990070 bytes, checksum: 2b9a38eef2efa194166a8fb33cae6826 (MD5) / Nos últimos anos tem sido notado no campo do direito um significativo aumento do interesse pelo referencial teórico e metodológico fornecido pela antropologia. No entanto, e apesar de algumas relevantes contribuições direcionadas a uma aproximação entre a antropologia e o direito, o fato é que a antropologia jurídica, ao menos no cenário acadêmico nacional, ainda ressente de uma maior reflexão sobre o seu espaço epistemológico e possibilidades práticas. Nesse âmbito de análise, e partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento reivindicado de forma autônoma pelo direito e pela antropologia representam, sobretudo, domínios de saber que se expressam como discursos históricos, o presente estudo apresenta duas finalidades: primeiramente, identificar os fundamentos e as possibilidades de análise do discurso jurídico-antropológico através de uma leitura dos seus principais referenciais epistemológicos; e, num segundo momento, desenvolver uma etnografia do discurso jurídico no campo cultural da execução penal sob a proposta de uma antropologia do conhecimento / In recent years it has been noticed in the field of law a significant increase in interest in the theoretical and methodological framework provided by anthropology. However, despite some outstanding contributions aimed at a rapprochement between anthropology and law, the fact is that anthropology of law, at least in the national academic scene, still lacks a major reflection on your epistemological space and practical possibilities. Within this framework of analysis, and assuming that the knowledge claimed autonomously by law and anthropology especially represent areas of knowledge that are expressed as historical discourses, this study has two purposes: first, identify the reasons and possibilities of discourse analysis, legal and anthropological frames; and, second, to develop an ethnography of legal discourse in the cultural field of criminal enforcement under the proposal for an anthropology of knowledge

Orientador: Chritina de Rezende Rubim / Banca: Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer / Banca: José Geraldo Poker / Banca: Jayme Wanderley Gasparoto / Banca: Gilberto Giacóia / Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem sido notado no campo do direito um significativo aumento do interesse pelo referencial teórico e metodológico fornecido pela antropologia. No entanto, e apesar de algumas relevantes contribuições direcionadas a uma aproximação entre a antropologia e o direito, o fato é que a antropologia jurídica, ao menos no cenário acadêmico nacional, ainda ressente de uma maior reflexão sobre o seu espaço epistemológico e possibilidades práticas. Nesse âmbito de análise, e partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento reivindicado de forma autônoma pelo direito e pela antropologia representam, sobretudo, domínios de saber que se expressam como discursos históricos, o presente estudo apresenta duas finalidades: primeiramente, identificar os fundamentos e as possibilidades de análise do discurso jurídico-antropológico através de uma leitura dos seus principais referenciais epistemológicos; e, num segundo momento, desenvolver uma etnografia do discurso jurídico no campo cultural da execução penal sob a proposta de uma antropologia do conhecimento / Abstract: In recent years it has been noticed in the field of law a significant increase in interest in the theoretical and methodological framework provided by anthropology. However, despite some outstanding contributions aimed at a rapprochement between anthropology and law, the fact is that anthropology of law, at least in the national academic scene, still lacks a major reflection on your epistemological space and practical possibilities. Within this framework of analysis, and assuming that the knowledge claimed autonomously by law and anthropology especially represent areas of knowledge that are expressed as historical discourses, this study has two purposes: first, identify the reasons and possibilities of discourse analysis, legal and anthropological frames; and, second, to develop an ethnography of legal discourse in the cultural field of criminal enforcement under the proposal for an anthropology of knowledge / Doutor