Presented thesis deals with the popularization of monuments of regional character and its potential use in the educational system in the form of worksheets for primary education sector. Specifically the castle ruins Pořešín in South Bohemia which in recent years was expensively conserved. The theoretical part covers a brief history of the aforementioned cultural monument, but also the issue of the worksheet as a form of teaching aid. The practical part describes the design and implementation proces of worksheets of Castle Pořešín including the partial verification of their functionality in practice and evaluation of completed lessons. The work finished product sheets inspired workbooks made available by the Centre for the presentation of cultural heritage.

How it is a consequence of that title, this extended essay deals with problems of people suffering from poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis). Thanks to the systematic vaccination, this disease has not been found in the Czech Republik since the 1960s. The people who had got over paralysis after acute poliomyelitis in a successful way were feeling sureness for years. The return of the illness, respectively its late consequences after a few decades of a normal life means a change-over from the state of full or - as the case may be {--} only mildly reduced abilities to the state of lifelong invalidity for them. Handicapped people have to get over great numbers of obstructions and limits which arise partly from the existence of hte certain handicap and which are given by the handicaps {--} limits the organization of the society put in their way in the course of ist development in parts. Over recent years, the Czech Rebublik has ranged with the countries which realize a greater responsibility for the elimination of barriers keeping the handicapped citizens away from a full - value participation in the life of the society. The aim of the essay was to obtain a comprehensive view of possibilities of keeping social needs of people suffering from poliomyelitis {--} infantile paralysis and to evaluate the barriers which have to be got over by that group. It was also a very important thing to find the quality of life and satisfaction with a realization of aims of life as far as people suffering from poliomyelitis and to compare it with the quality of life as regards the current population. Three following hypotheses were set in line with this aim. Hypothesis No 1: In spite of the current legislation concerning the elimination of architectonic barriers, the handicapped people are limited in the participation in the public life. Hypothesis No 2: Considering the dependence on the other person´ s aid, the people suffering from postpoliomyelitis syndrome appreciate financial guarantees ensuing from the social service law in a high degree. Hypothesis No 3: The quality of life of people suffering from poliomyelitis is reduced, in comparison with the quality of life as far as healthy people. Hypothese 1 and 2 were confirmed by my research, hypothesis No 3 was not verified. The detailed analysis of the given hypotheses is included in the part of discussion in the extended essay. With respect to the relevance of the mentioned topic I suppose that the obtained results could be a contribution to the organizacions dealing with questions if the handicapped people . The essay can be presented at a public meeting of Assotiatin Polio various specialists and the lay public take part in.

The Architecture of the Chavín de Huántar Ceremonial Center: Tridimensional Registration and its ImplicationsThe site of Chavín de Huántar has a long history of excavation, but due to the lack of accurate maps, sophisticated analyses of visible architecture have not been possible. This article reviews the past attempts at mapping, and reports on the preliminary results of a project developing a high precision map and threedimensional model of both the external architecture, and the interior galleries. Analysis of this model is combined with the results of strategic excavations at architectural seams to help clarify the growth sequence of the monumental center. While the analysis supports the long-held assumption of an earlier Old Temple and a later New Temple, the relationship between specific constructions is much more complex than previously assumed. Evidence for at least one structure that predates the Old Temple is combined with a review of relevant radiocarbon dates to suggest that the early part of the Chavin architectural sequence is probably earlier than suspected. Analysis of architectural details of the site points to an emphasis on construction symmetry while sometimes avoiding the destruction of previous buildings, along with the precise placement of staircases, and their probable function as points of reference for the planning and construction of much of the architecture at Chavin / El sitio de Chavín de Huántar ha sido excavado durante mucho tiempo, pero debido a la falta de planos precisos, no se ha realizado un análisis sofisticado de la arquitectura de superficie. Este artículo revisa aun los mapas anteriormente publicados antes de presentar los resultados preliminares del proyecto de mapeo y representación tridimensional de la arquitectura externa y la de las galerías. Se combina un análisis del modelo con los resultados de excavaciones estratégicas realizadas para revelar las uniones de segmentos arquitectónicos para aclarar el crecimiento del centro monumental. Aunque las conclusiones apoyan la idea de un Templo Viejo que es anterior a un Templo Nuevo, las relaciones entre edificios específicos son mucho más complejas que lo sugerido por reconstrucciones anteriores. Se registró una estructura más antigua que el Templo Viejo, y se revisan las fechas radiocarbónicas relevantes para sugerir que la primera arquitectura de Chavín probablemente es más temprana que lo reconocido hasta hoy. Los detalles de la arquitectura sugieren un énfasis en construir con simetría, que en ciertos casos evita la destrucción de edificios anteriores. Asimismo, muchas escalinatas tienen posiciones exactas, y probablemente sirvieron como puntos de referencia para la planificación y construcción de gran parte de la arquitectura de Chavín.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o conhecimento e o reconhecimento de dez edifícios de feições brutalistas do estado do Piauí. Por meio de um reconhecimento arquitetônico, crítico e referenciado dessas obras, construídas nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, procura-se compreender os seus valores projetuais, a relevância das mesmas na identidade da paisagem urbana em que se inserem e a origem e as peculiaridades do seu contexto de criação e implantação. Esta pesquisa leva em consideração os pormenores locais e as individuais contribuições intelectuais dos arquitetos, fatores que, vinculados a um contexto arquitetônico nacional, originaram exemplares concretos, cujos reconhecimento e interpretação se fazem necessários para melhor compreensão da cultura arquitetônica estadual e seu desdobramento nos âmbitos regional e nacional. Apesar de o caráter brutalista ser o denominador comum e o ponto de partida para o estudo do conjunto edificado, a pesquisa não se reduz a uma abordagem exiguamente estilística, pela crença de que uma categorização não é suficiente, nem mesmo determinante para a compreensão desses exemplares arquitetônicos, devendo os mesmos serem analisados como parcela do seu próprio contexto. Dessa forma, toma-se como princípio o enfoque propriamente arquitetônico da investigação, em que é \"a própria realidade da obra que se constitui objeto e oportunidade de pensamento\"(OYARZÚN; ARAVENA; QUINTANILLA et al., 2007, p. 11). Assim, por meio do estudo das obras em si, apoiado por documentos que elucidam suas características originais, realizou-se um trabalho de documentação e análise, considerando a importância desse conjunto para o patrimônio arquitetônico piauiense e para os ambientes urbanos, tendo em vista sua preservação e valorização, assim como o fortalecimento da historiografia arquitetônica piauiense. / This paper has as main purpose the acknowledgement and understanding of ten edifices of brutalist features in the state of Piauí. By meanings of architectonic, critic and referenced recognition of these buildings, constructed in the 1970s and 1980s, it is intended to comprehend its design value, their relevance in the identity of the urban landscape as well as the origin and peculiarities of their creation and implantation context. This research considers the local singularities and the individual intellectual contribution of the architects, factors which, associated to the national architectural scene, originated concrete precedent, making it necessary its interpretation and recognition to better comprehend the architectural culture of the state and its unraveling in the regional and national purview. Despite the brutalist characteristic being the common denominator and the starting point for the study of the edifice lot, the research is not reduced to a particularly stylistic approach, for believing that a mere categorization is insufficient, nor is decisive for the comprehension of this architectonic examples, these must be analyzed as a fraction of its own context. Thus being, a properly architectonic focus is taken as principle, where as \"the own reality of the product that constitutes object and opportunity of reflection\" (OYARZÚN; ARAVENA; QUINTANILLA, 2007, p.11). This way, by the study of the structure of the buildings, supported by documentation that clarify its original characteristics, a work of documentation and analysis was accomplished, considering the importance of this lot of architectonic heritage of Piauí and to other urban settlements, in behalf of its preservation and estimation, as well as the fortification of architectural historiography of Piauí.

A presente Dissertação é um estudo a respeito da problemática da utilização dos Sistemas de Aquecimento Solar Térmico para Aquecimento de Água com Coletores Planos em Circuito Direto, no crítico contexto da construção civil paulista para o ponto de vista da Arquitetura e do Urbanismo. Apesar do potencial solar do país e do padrão construtivo dos condomínios horizontais fechados da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), ainda não há regulamentação do uso do aquecimento solar térmico em alguns de seus municípios-sede. Atualmente tem havido a adesão espontânea ao sistema por parte de moradores das residências desses condomínios, decorrente da busca da redução dos gastos e da crescente conscientização ambiental e divulgação da tecnologia. Porém, ainda há necessidade de uma relação mais sistêmica dos coletores solares com a totalidade dos requisitos da edificação e do meio urbano, mesmo em se tratando da legislação específica. Buscando uma constribuição, aqui se propõe um modelo de estudo dos coletores baseado em escalas construtivas que, juntamente com a compreensão multidimensional do assunto, desafiam a atual dicotomia entre as ferramentas de qualidade e a sustentabilidade do ambiente construído. / The present work studies the problematic of using Solar Hot Water Systems by Direct Circuit, among the critics characteristics of civil construction in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The point of view is of Architecture and Urban Planning. In spite of the high Brazilian levels of solar irradiation and the constructive pattern of horizontal closed condominiums of the metropolitan region of São Paulo (Brazil), which possess a large concentration of high incoming households, use of solar water heating is still not regulated in some of its comprising municipalities. Nowadays, the search for savings, diffusion of related technologies and raising environmental awareness have led to voluntary uptaking of such systems. Yet, regulation of solar collectors still lacks relating to certification of sustainable building practices, which does not relate to architectonic factors, in particular to main urbanistic features present in each given installation site. This work proposes an architectonic scale based model of studying it in order to pursuit the end of dichotomy between quality and sustainability.

Esta investigación está orientada a la exploración de toda información cualitativa y cuantitativa necesaria para poder establecer los criterios básicos que sostengan y apoyen el diseño arquitectónico de un Centro de Alto Rendimiento Deportivo dirigido a uno de los deportes más sobresalientes de nuestro país. Perú, al ser un paraíso costeño, representa para el mundo un foco importante para el desarrollo de deportes acuáticos y en los últimos años, la disciplina del surf ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial situándose como capital latinoamericana de las grandes competencias internacionales y siendo esa una gran motivación para el desarrollo de un Centro de Alto Rendimiento Deportivo y Difusión del surf. Por lo tanto, este centro sería un hito, no solo en las costas peruanas sino también a nivel latinoamericano porque sería el único de la región. Sabemos que el centro de alto rendimiento es una instalación deportiva cuya finalidad es albergar, entrenar y educar al deportista de élite durante todo su proceso de formación para poder afrontar competencias internacionales. Es por ello por lo que en la arquitectura encontramos una herramienta para crear un entorno equilibrado entre el entrenamiento controlado dentro de instalaciones deportivas y el entrenamiento no controlado bajo las condiciones cambiantes que el mar representa. Es decir, esta instalación deportiva sería fundamental para optimizar y mejorar el rendimiento físico de nuestros deportistas de élite. / This research is oriented to the exploration of all the qualitative and quantitative information necessary to be able to establish the basic criteria that sustain and support the architectural design of a High-Performance Sports Centre addressed to one of the most outstanding sports in our country. Peru, as a coastal paradise, represents for the world an important focus for the development of water sports and in recent years, the discipline of the Surfing has had an exponential growth placing itself as Latin American capital of the big international competitions and being this a great motivation for the development of a High-Performance Sports Centre and Diffusion of the Surfing. Consequently, this centre would be a milestone, not only on the Peruvian coast but also in Latin America because it would be the only one in the region. We know that the High-Performance Centre is a sports establishment whose purpose is to harbor, train and educate the elite athlete during his training process in order to be able to face international competitions. That is why in the architecture we find a tool to create a balanced environment between controlled training inside sports installations and uncontrolled training under the changing conditions that the sea represents. In other words, this sports centre would be essential to optimise and improve the physical performance of our elite athletes. / Tesis

Evidence of the interest in enterprise architecture (EA) is seen in the number of enterprise architecture frameworks (EAF) in existence. An EAF is responsible for the realisation of an EA, and therefore acts as a container for the terminology of EA. The lack of acceptance of terms and definitions, coupled with the phenomenon of the large number of EAFs, indicate a silo type understanding of what EA is, which leads to a lack of clarity in the conceptual foundations of EA. By following a design science research (DSR) approach, a conceptual artefact (an enterprise architectonic (EAt)) is created to address the lack of clarity in the conceptual foundations of EA thinking and practice. The EAt serves as a conceptual device to represent the fundamental understanding of EA in terms of concepts and their relationships. The content of the EAt is derived from applying a structured interpretation method (SIM) to three prominent EAFs (The Open Group Architecture Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture Framework and the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture). The SIM’s results are an EA understanding that consists of an EA claim: EA is similar in intent to the enterprise as a worldview is to the world. It is supported by six EA propositions:  Proposition 1: EA’s underlying theoretical knowledge is in a pre-suppositional state.  Proposition 2: EA is a description of the structure of the systems of an enterprise.  Proposition 3: EA represents the enterprise in time-oriented architectures such as an as-is, to-be and has-been architecture.  Proposition 4: EA translates the values/strategy of the enterprise into operational systems appropriate to the information society.  Proposition 5: EA provides a means to manage decisions about the IT/IS management and implementation in the enterprise.  Proposition 6: EA captures a representation of the enterprise in the form of a model or set of models. The six EA propositions are analysed through the lens of Heidegger's equipment analysis, to produce a set of architectonic elements. These elements are arranged in the EAt to create a conceptual device to support the fundamental understanding of EA. / Centre for Applied Information and Communication / Ph.D. (Information Systems)

Evidence of the interest in enterprise architecture (EA) is seen in the number of enterprise architecture frameworks (EAF) in existence. An EAF is responsible for the realisation of an EA, and therefore acts as a container for the terminology of EA. The lack of acceptance of terms and definitions, coupled with the phenomenon of the large number of EAFs, indicate a silo type understanding of what EA is, which leads to a lack of clarity in the conceptual foundations of EA. By following a design science research (DSR) approach, a conceptual artefact (an enterprise architectonic (EAt)) is created to address the lack of clarity in the conceptual foundations of EA thinking and practice. The EAt serves as a conceptual device to represent the fundamental understanding of EA in terms of concepts and their relationships. The content of the EAt is derived from applying a structured interpretation method (SIM) to three prominent EAFs (The Open Group Architecture Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture Framework and the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture). The SIM’s results are an EA understanding that consists of an EA claim: EA is similar in intent to the enterprise as a worldview is to the world. It is supported by six EA propositions:  Proposition 1: EA’s underlying theoretical knowledge is in a pre-suppositional state.  Proposition 2: EA is a description of the structure of the systems of an enterprise.  Proposition 3: EA represents the enterprise in time-oriented architectures such as an as-is, to-be and has-been architecture.  Proposition 4: EA translates the values/strategy of the enterprise into operational systems appropriate to the information society.  Proposition 5: EA provides a means to manage decisions about the IT/IS management and implementation in the enterprise.  Proposition 6: EA captures a representation of the enterprise in the form of a model or set of models. The six EA propositions are analysed through the lens of Heidegger's equipment analysis, to produce a set of architectonic elements. These elements are arranged in the EAt to create a conceptual device to support the fundamental understanding of EA. / Centre for Applied Information and Communication / Ph. D. (Information Systems)

A conduta criativa de João Cabral de Melo Neto é tradicionalmente caracterizada como uma atividade controlada por uma razão arquitetônica, que lucidamente projeta, e rigorosamente realiza a obra literária. A abordagem, aqui feita, de seu pensamento sobre a criação quer dizer, das representações do fazer em seus poemas metalinguísticos e também de sua prática criativa legível nos traços de seus manuscritos afasta-nos sensivelmente do paradigma da arquitetura. Em seu lugar, propomos considerar o fazer cabralino como uma atividade de reformulação constante, que produz, durante o processo de escrita, novos sentidos e estruturas não determinados a priori, integrando, dessa forma, a imprevisibilidade e a instabilidade na essência mesma da criação literária. / João Cabral de Melo Neto\'s creative conduct is traditionally characterized as an activity directed by an architectonic reasoning, which consciously projects and rigorously realizes the literary work. The approach taken here of his creative thinking that is, of the representations of the act of making in his metalinguistic poems and of his creative practice which is discernible on the glyphs of his manuscripts takes us sensibly away from an architectural paradigm. Instead, we propose to consider Cabral\'s making act as a constant reformulation activity, which produces, during the writing process, new meanings and structures not determined a priori, in this way integrating imprevisibility and instability to the very essence of literary creation.

The semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil is a place known for its climactic and social difficulties since the colonization period and its main activity is the production of cheese ( queijo coalho and queijo manteiga ). This work is the result of the changes on the structure of the handcrafted cheese factories, especially because of the demanding of the rules concerning hygiene and food safety on dairy products. Its main goal is to identify the typological categories and relate them to the way the handcrafted cheese is made ( queijo coalho and queijo manteiga ), according to the regulations. The rural architecture was based on the connection between the environment built, the productive activity and the culture, in an effort to identify the constructive specificities of the local level. The model called co-evolução was used as the theoretical base. The field research was done in eleven rural cheese properties in the town of Major Izidoro, Alagoas, using physical and photographic data, subsidizing the investigation of productive and spatial. The criteria used were based on the rules of the (BPF). The architectonic cheese typologies were classified in three groups: the traditional (handcrafted cheese), the intermediate (handcrafted cheese or dairy) and the industrial (dairy), in relation to the inside and outside of the property, its composition and its organization. When it comes to the productive aspect, it was taken into consideration that the types of cheese are due to different processes in fabrication. The multidisciplinary theme suggests researches in social areas and in architecture, and it may explore more cheese factories in the state of Alagoas as in other regions of the Northeast. / A região semi-árida do nordeste brasileiro é uma região marcada pelas dificuldades climática e social desde o período da colonização e tem como atividade produtiva tradicional a fabricação dos queijos de coalho e de manteiga. Este trabalho surgiu das indagações a respeito das alterações na estrutura física das queijarias artesanais, decorrentes principalmente, das exigências às normas que tratam da higiene e segurança alimentar sobre os produtos lácteos. Tem como objetivo identificar as categorias tipológicas e relacioná-las ao modo de produção das queijarias artesanais de queijo de coalho e de queijo de manteiga, verificando o atendimento as regulamentações. A caracterização da arquitetura rural fundamentou-se na conexão entre o ambiente construído, a atividade produtiva e a cultura, no esforço de identificarem-se as especificidades construtivas ao nível local. Teve como base teórica, o modelo denominado de co-evolução. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu em onze propriedades rurais queijeiras do município de Major Izidoro, Alagoas, mediante levantamento físico e fotográfico, subsidiando a investigação dos vetores produtivo e espacial. Utilizaram-se como critérios os itens da norma (BPF). Classificou-se as tipologias arquitetônicas das queijarias em três grupos: o tradicional (fabriqueta), intermediário (fabriqueta ou laticínio) e industrial (laticínio), com respeito à parte interna e externa da propriedade, composição e organização. Quanto ao aspecto produtivo, considerou-se que os tipos de queijo são decorrentes dos diferentes processos de fabricação. O tema multidisciplinar sugere pesquisas nas áreas sociais e na arquitetura, podendo explorar mais queijarias tanto no estado de Alagoas, quanto em outras regiões do Nordeste.