Ce travail est consacré à Emile Gallé, chef de file de l’Ecole de Nancy, artiste dont les créations appartiennent aux réalisations majeures de l’Art Nouveau. Il était, en outre, passionné par la littérature et c’est cet aspect de sa personnalité, ayant fortement influencé son œuvre, que nous avons étudié. Notre recherche se base essentiellement sur le témoignage le plus concret que Gallé nous a laissé de son intérêt pour les textes : les nombreuses citations qu’il a gravées sur ses œuvres (de verre, bois ou porcelaine), ou dont il a émaillé ses écrits. Leur importance réside dans le fait qu’elles sont partie prenante de la création artistique, puisque Gallé semblait parfois créer une pièce après avoir été subjugué par un passage littéraire. C’est pourquoi il nous a semblé nécessaire de répertorier en détail, sous la forme d’un catalogue raisonné, l’ensemble des citations que l’artiste a choisi d’extraire d’œuvres littéraires du 19e siècle. Nous avons fait suivre ce recensement d’un classement thématique, visant à éclairer les sujets de prédilection de l’artiste. Cette description permettant de faire, en conclusion, quelques remarques concernant les thématiques principales des œuvres. Si ce catalogue constitue le cœur de notre travail, il nous est apparu indispensable d’envisager aussi au préalable la vie d’Emile Gallé, afin de mieux appréhender les influences principales ayant déterminé sa sensibilité littéraire et artistique. La première partie de notre thèse revêt donc un aspect ouvertement biographique. / This research is dedicated to the works of Emile Gallé, leader of the Ecole de Nancy and an artist whose creations belong in Art Nouveau's major achievements. He was also very fond of literature and it is this aspect of his personality, which had a major impact on his works, that has been here focused on. This study is mostly based on Gallé's most tangible account of his interest for words : the many quotations he himself carved on his creations (in glass, wood or china) or referred to in his own writings. Their importance lies in the fact that they are truly part of his creative process since Gallé would sometimes create a piece after being enthralled by some literary passage he had read. This is the reason why it felt necessary to list exhaustively every quotation the artist chose to extract from 19th century literary works and present them as an annotated catalogue. This inventory is followed by a thematic classification highlighting the artist's favourite topics. The main themes here depicted are then discussed and confronted in the conclusion. The catalogue may be at the heart of this study but it also seemed inconceivable not to mention Emile Gallé's life so as to understand the main influences ruling his artistic and literary sensitivity. The first part of this research thus deliberately takes on a biographic aspect.

A Paris, en 1895, deux architectes, Raymond Barbaud et Édouard Bauhain s’associaient. Après une activité commune qui dura jusque vers 1910, ils se séparèrent et poursuivirent chacun de leur côté une tout aussi riche activité jusqu’à la fin des années 1920. En suivant les parcours croisés de ces deux architectes, c’est un double portrait qui est dressé, des origines provinciales, en passant par la formation et les débuts professionnels, les engagements, les carrières communes et individuelles.L’activité de Raymond Barbaud et Édouard Bauhain a pris place dans un contexte géographique double voire triple, avec des œuvres parisiennes, charentaises et bordelaises, pour l’essentiel issues de commandes passées par une clientèle constituée de bourgeois parisiens, ou notables ruraux, d’industriels ou de professions libérales, et structurée par des réseaux économiques, politiques ou culturels. Majoritairement constituée d’édifices privés, la production architecturale de Barbaud et Bauhain comprend aussi bien des typologies traditionnelles que des innovations programmatiques. Ils y font la démonstration de leur maîtrise des modèles historiques autant que de leur connaissance de la production contemporaine.L’œuvre de Barbaud et Bauhain révèle toute la richesse de la palette entre matérialité et esthétique. N’écartant pas les aspects constructifs, entre techniques éprouvées et nouveaux systèmes, ils recherchèrent en permanence l’expression esthétique propre à satisfaire le caractère de chaque programme. La décoration intérieure est traitée selon l’éclectisme stylistique domestique propre à la période, tout en incluant les dispositifs du confort moderne. Enfin, leur collaboration avec les sculpteurs se révèle exemplaire tant dans l’ornementation que dans la statuaire. / In Paris, in 1895, two architects, Raymond Barbaud and Edouard Bauhain became partnered. After a joint activity until around 1910, they separated and each one pursued a rich activity until the late 1920s. Through the crossed paths of these two architects, a double portrait is taking shape, from their provincial origins, to their common and individual careers, passing by their training, their professional debut and their commitments. The activity of Raymond Barbaud and Edouard Bauhain took place in a double or even a triple geographic context, with works in Paris, in the Charente county and in Bordeaux, mostly for a clientele of Parisian bourgeois, rural notables, industrialists or independent workers, a clientele structured by economic, political or cultural networks. Mostly constituted of private buildings, the architectural production of Barbaud and Bauhain includes both traditional typologies and programmatic innovations. The architects demonstrate their mastery of historical models as well as their knowledge of contemporary production. The work of Barbaud and Bauhain reveals a rich architectural palette between materiality and aesthetics. Not neglecting the constructive aspects, between tried and tested techniques and new systems, they constantly sought the aesthetic expression able to satisfy the character of each program. The interior decoration is treated according to the domestic stylistic eclecticism typical of the period, while including the features of modern comfort. Finally, their collaboration with the sculptors is exemplary in the field of ornamentation and of statuary.

Par tradition, les habitants de La Teste se baignaient depuis bien longtemps sur la plage d’Arcachon, où, dès le début du XIXe siècle, une cabane de résinier fut louée à des « estrangers » ayant osé s’aventurer sur ces rives inconnues. Il fallut attendre les années 1820 pour que les premiers hébergements liés aux bains de mer soient mis en place. Leurs constructions répondaient aux codes néo-classiques, conformes aux pratiques architecturales de l’époque. Les premiers « chalets », influencés par ce style, surent, néanmoins apporter quelques particularités. Mais ce ne fut qu’avec l’invention de la Ville d’Hiver, quartier de cure édifié à partir de 1863, pour accueillir des malades atteints de tuberculose, que la variété architecturale fut consacrée. Chalets suisses, castelets, formes éclectiques, prirent place au milieu des pins, dans les dunes, offrant à la récente commune d’Arcachon (1857), une nouvelle dimension médicale, et un élan architectural au goût du jour. Le style pittoresque obtint, là, un succès à la mesure de celui qu’il eut sur toutes les plages de l’Atlantique et de la Manche, envahissant progressivement toute la ville. Jusqu’à l’apparition des formes régionales – néo-landaise, néo-basque-, à partir de 1920, il fut le style employé dans toutes les réalisations des nouveaux quartiers, de la ville d’automne ou de printemps, et du Moulleau, démontrant ainsi sa parfaite adaptation au milieu. / Traditionally, the inhabitants of La Teste used to bathe on the beach of Arcachon. As early as the beginning of the 19th century, a wooden hut was rented out to foreigners who dared to visit this unknown shore of the bay. The first accommodations in relation with sea bathing appeared not before the 1820 s’. These buildings reflected the neoclassical features, according to the architectural standards of the time. Most of the first 'chalets' were built in the same style, some of them showing some additional details. An architectural diversity was really settled in 1863 with the creation of the Winter Town, a medical district designed to cure tuberculosis. 'Swiss chalets', cottages and other eclectic constructions erected among the pines on the sand dunes gave to the recent town of Arcachon (1857) a new medical dimension and a modern architectural development. As anywhere else along the western shores of France, the picturesque style was so successful as to invade every part of the town. Till local styles - néo-landais, néo-basque- appeared in the1920 s, it was the only one used in the buildings of the new districts in the autumn and spring towns, as well as in Moulleau. Which can mean it was the best answer at this time, in terms of seaside architecture.

L’étude des derniers travaux de Jules Massenet (1842-1912), conçus pendant les cinq dernières années de savie, dans le contexte artistique et philosophique de la Belle-Époque, veut mettre en évidence les traces d'uneévolution du langage musical du compositeur. Dans les trois sections de notre recherche nous proposons uneanalyse dramaturgique et musicale d’un corpus constitué des cinq oeuvres ultimes, dont on considère Bacchus(1909) comme un opéra de transition fondamentale dans le dernier revirement stylistique du compositeur,représenté par les deux diptyques : Don Quichotte/Panurge et Roma/Cléopâtre. En outre, à traversl’observation systématique des langages comique et tragique présents dans ces ouvrages, et une comparaisoncontinue avec la production antécédente du compositeur on propose une définition de cet extrême renouveaude l’écriture de Massenet. Une écriture qui s’avère complexe au moment de l’analyse à cause de sonextraordinaire éclectisme – un heureux équilibre entre érudition et modernité –, bien inséré dans un contextestylistique expressif et en même temps dépouillé. Notre étude – menée à travers l’analyse des manuscritsautographes et des partitions imprimées, ainsi que d’une vaste bibliographie comprenant monographies,dissertations, correspondances, articles, documents de mise en scène – couvrira différents aspects du styledernier du compositeur : conception historique et littéraire, analyse narratologique comparée des livrets,pertinence dramatique du style musical, conception mélodique, emploi des harmonies et des formes musicales,constantes et innovations dans l’orchestration. / The study of the works of Jules Massenet (1842-1912) created in the last five years of his life, during the artisticand philosophical context of the Belle-Époque, wants to highlight the traces of the evolution of musicallanguage of the composer. In the three sections of our research we propose a dramaturgical and musical analysisof a selection including five last works, which are considered Bacchus (1909) as a key transitional work in thelatest stylistic shift the composer, represented by the two diptychs: Don Quichotte/Panurge andRoma/Cléopâtre. Also, through the systematic observation of comic and tragic languages of these works andtheir continuous comparison among the composer’s antecedent production, we propose a definition of thisextreme evolution of Massenet writing. A writing that is complex to analyse because of its extraordinaryeclecticism – an effective balance between tradition and modernity – although inserted into an expressive andessential stylistic context. Our study – carried out through the analysis of original manuscripts and printedscores, as well as an extensive bibliography including monographs, essays, correspondence, articles, stagingdocuments – will cover different aspects of the composer's late style: historical design and literary narratologycomparative analysis of librettos, dramatic appropriateness of musical style, melodic design, use of harmoniesand musical forms, constants and innovations in orchestration.

For my thesis, I recorded the progression of my show, The Constant Wife. I discuss the conception of my original scene design as well as the changes that occurred while working with the director and other designers. Throughout the thesis, I address the problems that arose during the pre-production, what I did to rectify those situations, and what I might have done differently if given the opportunity. I have divided the thesis into the following sections – Process of the Pre-Production, Execution of the Design and Evaluation of the Design. The final section of my thesis details what I learned from the events that transpired and how I can apply those lessons to future designs. Several appendixes are included that give various pieces of information that I used to develop my design as well as the majority of my research, including a larger version of the images in this paper, my drafting, and photos of the finished set. This document was created in Microsoft Word MAC.

Modernism is a plurality, not a singular concept. This project explores examples of Art Nouveau nudes to describe the particular expressions of the modern through varied and complicated allegorical bodies. The female nude as a nexus for ideals of gender, art, and beauty, is informed by and constructs the understanding of these ideals within society. Art Nouveau thus employed the nude to represent complex manifestations of modernity. Three diverse cases provide the subjects of each chapter. All explore modernism through objects and interiors, in public and private environments, and each connects the decorative arts with accounts of European modernism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The modernist movement, in these decades, is still predominantly understood through painting. This project draws its case studies from Paris, Glasgow, and Vienna, each a distinct cultural arena during the 1890s and 1900s: the sculptural furniture of François Rupert Carabin (1862-1932); the metalwork of Margaret Macdonald (1865-1933) and her sister Frances Macdonald (1873-1921); and the graphic motifs of Ver Sacrum, created by the artists of the first Vienna Secession (1897-1905). In conception and expression, these nudes articulated the diverse representational practices of different modernisms. They each embody drastically different histories, aesthetics, and social expressions. Their varied modernisms expose the prominent nationalism of Art Nouveau. Examination of these three very different cases expands and complicates current understandings of the nude, allegory, and the modern.

Preservation History of Art Nouveau Heritage in Hungary, Czech Lands and France Master Thesis Lilla Zámbó Abstract This master thesis discusses the preservation history of the most relevant architectural monuments of Art Nouveau from the perspective of different ideological and political systems of Hungary, the Czech Lands and France in the 20th century. The main objective of the thesis is to examine the influences of Art Nouveau in the society and vice versa through different heritage protection procedures and successful monument restorations, which took place in significant "Art Nouveau cities" of Europe: Budapest, Prague, Nancy and Strasbourg. The Art Nouveau style (1890-1914) was born as a reaction to the academic schools at the end of the nineteenth century and spread quickly by advertising a new architectural program, thanks to its special aesthetical, social and political contents. In order to satisfy the needs of the "modern" age and to create a better environment for the people, Art Nouveau broke with the previous dominant historical tendencies, not only in a mental way, but also in employing a new design and decorative elements. Thus the international practice-based, but locally unique and unprecedented works of the Art Nouveau were totally differing from the dominant eclectic townscapes, which is...

This thesis, which studies the effect Loïe Fuller had on artists at the turn of the 20th century, redefines her role in art and society. An American dancer born in 1862, Fuller is often hailed as one of the forefathers of modern dance and a technological engineer, but she is too rarely shown in control of how the audience perceived her. This work gives an overview of Art Nouveau and the Universal Exposition of 1900 in Paris in which she performed. It closely examines her impact on painters, illustrators, and lithographers: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Will Bradley, and Jules Cheret. It also studies her influence on sculptors: Raoul Larche, Agathon Léonard, and Pierre Roche; architect Henri Sauvage, and writer Stéphane Mallarmé. In this work, Fuller is not solely presented as the physical embodiment of Art Nouveau but as an active shaper of artistic movements of her time. It portrays her as active rather than passive.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Jan. 21, 2010). Additional advisors: Cathleen Cummings, Heather McPherson, Mindy Nancarrow. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-71).

Autour de 1900 à Paris, une génération de jeunes artistes, influencés par certains courants artistiques comme le néo-Gothique ou le Symbolisme, ont une même conception de l’art. Henri Bellery-Desfontaines (1867-1909) fait partie de cette génération d'artistes qui débutent leur carrière en tant que peintre, généralement comme peintre décorateur, mais qui s'intéressent rapidement aux arts décoratifs, attirés par la notion d’un art total. Il débute tout d’abord dans l'atelier personnel de Pierre-Victor Galland qui lui apprend la décoration, puis en 1890 dans celui de Jean-Paul Laurens à l'Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts à Paris. Après une commande de l'hôpital de la Charité où se lie d'amitié avec des médecins qui le suivront toute sa vie, Bellery-Desfontaines illustre des revues artistiques et des ouvrages littéraires. Mais l’artiste se montre davantage intéressé par les arts décoratifs que par la peinture. Il commence à réaliser des tapis, puis quelques meubles. Peu à peu, grâce à de riches commanditaires, Bellery-Desfontaines réalise des ensembles de décoration intérieure de plus en plus ambitieux, préoccupé par la notion d'un art total, mais sans jamais délaisser ni la peinture, ni l'illustration. A la fin de sa vie, il s'investit davantage dans le renouveau des arts décoratifs caractéristique de cette époque. Il laisse derrière lui une vaste production artistique, importante et hétéroclite, mais fort mal connue. Bellery-Desfontaines est un artiste complet, idéaliste, qui a l’ambition d’appliquer l’art au quotidien. Il meurt subitement à l’âge de 42 ans, trop jeune pour pouvoir asseoir une notoriété et une véritable carrière, laissant de nombreux projets inachevés. / In Paris around 1900, a generation of young artists, influenced by a variety of currents, such as Gothic Revival or Symbolism, shared a similar artistic outlook. Henri Bellery-Desfontaines (1867-1909) was part of that generation of artists who began their careers as painters, often aiming for careers in mural painting, and quickly showed an interest in the decorative arts, seduced by the idea of a total art. He started in Pierre-Victor Galland’s workshop, where he learned decoration; then in 1890, he entered Jean-Pierre Laurens’ one at the Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris. At the same time, he started decorating the staff room at the Hôpital de la Charité where he befriended a group of young doctors who would subsequently follow his entire career. Then, he illustrated artistic magazines and somes books. But his artistic preferences gradually shifted from painting to the decorative arts. He started designing carpets and a few pieces of furniture. Then, with the support of a few wealthy patrons, Bellery-Desfontaines began designing increasingly ambitious complete interiors, focus on the notion of total art. Towards the end of his life he took a more active part in the debate over the decorative arts, which was a hallmark of the period. His vast artistic legacy is both influential and eclectic, yet remains little known. Bellery-Desfontaines was a complete artist, as were many of the artists at the time. An idealist, whose ambition was to make art for every day life, he died abruptly at the age of forty two, far too young to complete his career and achieve fame, for many of his project remained unfinished.