Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 11, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006.

Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Defence forces around the world are experiencing a period of dynamic change with new force structures being combined with new technologies in an effort to enhance effectiveness. Present day resources and technology available to the modern society, have facilitated the evolution of warfare as a technologically advanced enterprise, with the decided emphasis on the digitisation of the battlefield. With rapid development in the field of battlefield digitisation there is an increasing need to address the important issues and challenges facing the military. In order to meet strategic defence guidelines, it is necessary to integrate the capabilities of defence forces with modern technology. In this regard the South African Defence Force is striving towards the digitisation of the battlefield. This digitisation can potentially satisfy the many requirements set for the Defence Force, in a more timely and cost-effective manner than traditional methods of functioning and training would be able to achieve. Effective situational awareness and command and control structures are essential for any military operation, especially with increasingly complex military demands. Key areas of importance are the collection, dissemination and management of information, which if executed skilfully, will result in forces capable of operating more effectively and with greater flexibility. Decision makers on the battlefield continually suffer from information overload due to the extremely rapid inflow of information. This is likely to worsen with the continued introduction of new information technologies. The technology level of any defence force should therefore be appropriate, driven by usefulness and cost-effectiveness. The digitised battlefield allows for the execution of near realistic military exercises, while conserving material and reducing the detrimental impact on environment and personnel, as is the case with traditional exercises. A key issue of focus is the usability and integration of related technologies within the digital battlefield. Promoting optimal usability through continuous and comprehensive user-based evaluation is crucial and will result in increased human performance through interaction with technology. Optimal usability must be engineered into any product (defined as something produced by means of either human or mechanical work) from the inception of the product's life cycle. Within today's technology orientated society, the digitisation of the battlefield and the usability thereof have become increasingly important issues. Most research has investigated the concepts of battlefield digitisation and usability in isolation, and little co-ordinated effort has been made to integrate digitisation and usability, even though the relation is important and necessary. A study of this nature has not hitherto been conducted within the South African military context. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical background of the issues of military digitisation and usability, in order to determine the significance of this relation. This research aims specifically to promote the viewpoint that usability is central to military digitisation, as well as to emphasise the importance of user-centred approaches to system development and utilization. The result will be enhanced human performance and satisfaction when interacting with digital battlefield applications. The theoretical perspective is provided by way of a literature review of the relevant military and usability concepts. Military functioning is discussed, highlighting the importance of situational awareness and effective command and control capabilities. The digitisation in the military is examined with specific reference to Virtual Reality and simulation. An overview of usability (within a human-computer interaction and user-centred design context) and usability evaluation methods are provided. This research was conducted during a military exercise conducted by the South African National Defence Force. A usability inquiry approach was followed with questionnaires distributed to participants involved with the Command and Control Digital Battlefield System. Information was obtained concerning participants' characteristics, likes, dislikes, needs, and understanding of the digital battlefield system. The analyses of the information consisted of descriptive statistics as the research aimed to illustrate the attitudes concerning usability and the digital battlefield. The results provide an understanding of the perceptions of the users regarding the digital battlefield system and its usability. Conclusions are drawn from results obtained and recommendations are made for future research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Moderne weermagte deur die wereld ervaar tans 'n peri ode van dinamiese verandering met nuwe magstrukture wat met nuwe tegnologiee gekombineer word ter bevordering van doeltreffendheid. Die hedendaagse hulpbronne en tegnologie tot die moderne samelewing se beskikking, het meegebring dat oorlogvoering ontwikkel het in 'n tegnologies gevorderde aksie met die klem op gevegsterrein-digitalisering. Die betreding van 'n era van tegnologies gevorderde oorlogvoering met die gepaardgaande snelle ontwikkelings in die veld van gevegsterrein digitalisering, het 'n toenemend groeiende behoefte laat ontstaan vir die indringende aanspreking van belangrike strydvrae en uitdagings wat 'n moderne weermag in die gesig staar.Tiit is noodsaaklik dat die vermoens van weermagte geintegreer word met moderne tegnologie ten einde aan strategiese verdedigingsvereistes te kan voldoen. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag het digitalisering van die gevegsterrein ten doel. Sodanige digitalisering kan potensieel die talle vereistes gestel aan 'n weermag op 'n meer tydige en koste-effektiewe wyse bevredig as wat met tradisionele metodes van funksionering en opleiding gedoen kan word. Effektiewe situasionele bewustheid en bevel en beheer strukture, is onontbeerlik in enige militere operasie, veral in die lig van toenemende komplekse eise gestel aan die moderne weermag. Sleutelareas van belang is die insameling, disseminasie en bestuur van inligting, wat as dit met die nodige insig en kundigheid uitgevoer word, aanleiding sal gee tot die verhoogde doeltreffendheid en buigsaamheid van 'n weermag. Die tegnologiese vlak van enige weermag behoort dus toepaslik en bruikbaar te wees, sowel as koste-effektief gedrewe. Die gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein maak vcorsiening vir die uitvoering van bykans-realistiese militere oefeninge met behoud van material en grootskaalse uitskakeling van die negatiewe invloede op die omgewing en personeel, meer so as wat andersins die geval sou wees met tradisionele oefeninge. 'n Sleutel-aspek is die bruikbaarheid en integrasie van verwante tegnologiee in 'n gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein. Die bevordering van optimale bruikbaarheid deur aaneenlopende en omvattende gebruikersbaseerde evaluasies, is deurslaggewend en sal lei tot verhoogde gebruiker prestasie betreffende interaksie met tegnologie. Optimale bruikbaarheid moet reeds vanaf die aanvang van 'n produk se lewenssiklus, bewerkstellig word. In die hedendaagse tegnologie-gebaseerde moderne same lewing, het digitalisering van die gevegsterrein en die bruikbaarheid daarvan, toenemend belangrik geword. In die meeste navorsmg word gevegsterrein digitalisering, asook bruikbaarheid, afsonderlik ondersoek, onafgesien van die belangrike verwantskap daartussen, en slegs geringe gekoordineerde pogings is van stapel gestuur om digitalisering en bruikbaarheid te integreer. In die Suid-Afrikaanse rnilitere konteks is so 'n studie nog nie uitgevoer nie en derhalwe het hierdie studie ten doel om 'n teoretiese agtergrond te voorsien van militere digitalisering- en bruikbaarheidskwessies, asook die vasstelling van die verwantskap daartussen. Hierdie navorsing het spesifiek ten doel om die standpunt te bevorder dat bruikbaarheid sentraal staan tot militere digitalisering sowel as om die gebruiker-gebaseerde benadering tot sisteem ontwikkeling en benutbaarheid, te bevorder. Die resultaat sal verhoogde gebruikerprestasie en tevredenheid wees wanneer interaksie met gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein toepassings plaasvind. Die teoretiese perspektief word voorsien deur 'n literatuur-oorsig van die relevante rnilitere- en bruikbaarheidskonsepte. Militere funksionering word bespreek met beklemtoning van die belang van situasionele bewustheid en doeltreffende bevel en beheer vermoens, Militere digitalisering word ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na virtuele realiteit en simulasie. 'n Oorsig van bruikbaarheid (binne die konteks van mens-rekenaar interaksie en gebruikersgeorienteerde ontwerp) sowel as bruikbaarheidsevaluasie-metodes word voorsien. Hierdie navorsing is uitgevoer tydens 'n militere oefening van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag. 'n Bruikbaarheidsondersoek-benadering is gevolg deur vraelyste uit te deel aan die deelnemers wat betrokke was by die gedigitaliseerde bevel en beheer stelsel. Informasie is ingewin betreffende die deelnemers se kenmerke, persepsies, voorkeure, afkeure, behoeftes en begrip van die gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein-stelsel. Die analise van die informasie het beskrywende statistieke behels omdat die navorsing ten doe I gehad het om ingesteldhede betreffende bruikbaarheid en die gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein, uit te lig. Die resultate voorsien 'n begrip van die persepsies van die gebruikers rakende die gedigitaliseerde gevegsterrein, en die bruikbaarheid daarvan. Gevolgtrekkings word gemaak vanuit die resultate verkry en aanbevelings word voorsien vir verdere toekomstige navorsing.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie studie is onderneem met die doel om 'n model te ontwikkel waarmee die wenner in 'n konvensionele landgeveg voorspel kan word. Gegewe die omvang van die vakgebied oorlog, is die studie beperk tot die taktiese vlak en fokus op landgevegte tydens konvensionele oorlogvoering. As eerste stap in die ontwikkelingpsproses, is die faktore wat wen kan bepaal krygskundig nagevors. Die sogenaamde honderdgevegte-datastel is saamgestel uit data van 100 gevegte uit die twintigste eeu en net vroeer, met die klem op gevegte waarin Suid-Afrikaanse magte betrokke was. Verskeie statistiese tegnieke is ondersoek om 'n geskikte tegniek vir die ontleding van die data te vind. Die ondersoek het aangetoon dat logistiese regressie die beste tegniek is vir die data. 'n Ontwikkelingsproses met drie voorspellers is ook saamgestel. Verskeie modelle is ondersoek, naamlik 1 'n Voorspellingsmodel met eensydige sub-modelle sonder gevegshouding, met en sonder opponentdata. I 2 'n Voorspellingsmodel met eensydige sub-modelle met gevegshouding, met en sonder opponentdata. 3 'n Voorspellingsmodel met tweesydige sub-modelle met opponentdata.. Die ontwikkelingsproses lewer verskeie modelle wat baie goed presteer sensitiwiteit > 80%). 'n Finale keuse lewer die volgende resultaat: 1 Vir die geval waar opponentdata nie beskikbaar is nie, is 'n eensydige submode! sonder gevegshouding ontwikkel waarvan die resultaat teen 'n skeidingsgrens gemeet word om die uitslag te bepaal. Die model het 'n sensitiwiteit van 85%, maar kan net 'n wen of gelykop, of, verloor of gelykop voorspel. 2 Vir die geval waar opponentdata beskikbaar is, is 'n eensydige sub-model ivsonder gevegshouding ontwikkel wat in staat is om, deur die opponente se uitslag met mekaar te vergelyk, die wenner aan te wys. Hierdie model het 'n sensitiwiteit van 83,8% Verskeie statistiese en krygskundige gevolgtrekkings word gemaak, die belangrikste waarvan dat die gekose modelle wel daartoe in staat is om gevegsvoorspellings akkuraat te kan uitvoer. Die modelle kan ook aangewend word om gevegte te ontleed en tendense te verklaar. Krygskundig bevestig die resultaat die noodsaaklikheid van die maneuvreringsbenadering en goeie leierskap. Die resultaat van die studie het wye aanwendingspotensiaal op die gebied van die krygskunde, krygsfilosofie, krygspele en militere operasionele navorsing en laat ruimte vir interessante en noodsaaklike verdere navorsing in operasionele navorsing sowel as in die krygskunde. / The aim of this study is to develop models for the efficient prediction of the outcome of a land battle. The study is confined to conventional warfare at the tactical level. The first step was to identify the variables that may determine victory. Thirty such variables enjoying the support of various military historians and philosophers were selected. The hundred-battle data set, consisting of coded data for a hundred twentieth-century battles, was compiled. The thirty variables were encoded for each combatant. Since the outcome and most of the prediction variables are binary but a few are continuous, ordinary linear regression could not be used and several statistical and other techniques were evaluated. Logistic regression was found to be the best. A formalized development and selection process was applied to a number of broad model classes. These were 1 prediction models with one-sided sub-models without combat posture and with (without) opponent data 2 prediction models with one-sided sub-models with combat posture and with (without) opponent data 3 prediction models with two-sided sub-models without combat posture and with opponent data. The process provided several very good models and the following were selected. Without opponent data. A one-sided sub-model without combat posture, utilizing a discriminator was selected. It determines the outcome with a sensitivity of 85%. However, it only predicts victory or a draw, defeat or a draw. With opponent data. A one-sided sub-model without combat posture was selected. It predicts the outcome of battle by comparing the results of the two opponents. This model vishowed a sensitivity of 83,8%. Several statistical and military scientific conclusions followed, the most important being that the chosen models can accurately predict battle outcome or post facto determine the outcome. The models can also be used to analyze battles. In this role they confirm the importance of maneuver warfare and good leadership. The results of this study can be applied in military science, military philosophy and war gaming. The work fuses military philosophy with statistical analysis, is a first in the field and offers the possibility of breaking out of the mind-set of personal views and biases prevalent in military science. The method as such can be applied to different data bases representing war at other levels or with other technologies. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Phil. (Philosophy)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The constitution of an interpretation gesture about the effects of the meanings of the definition of the name grammar related to the ways of knowing about language in the history of Brazilian linguistic knowledge is the objective of this thesis. Such research problematic was developed from a study on the definition of the name grammar in the first edition of Moderna Gramática Portuguêsa, by Evanildo Bechara and it s anchored on a theoretical conception of the interpretation gesture of the analyst subject position that makes History of Linguistic Ideas in Brazil. Bechara s grammar compendium was published in 1961, in a historic moment corresponding to the process of institutionalization of the discipline named Linguistics in courses of Letras in the country, which is a determinant effect of disruption of the definition of the name grammar in the aforementioned book when compared to other books on the process of Brazilian grammatisation. During the period of publication of Portuguese Grammars - from the sixteenth century until the mid-twentieth century -, the name grammar is determined by a relationship between the designations of grammar s art (portuguese or greco-latin) and of science, a designation constituted by forms of knowledge about language such as: General Grammar, Comparative Grammar, Historical Grammar and Modern Linguistics. For the production conditions of the publication of Bechara s Grammar, by a gesture of interpretation about the definition of the name grammar, we understand that there is an effect of breaking with a tradition of the art of portuguese grammar, because there is a reformulation of the definition of that name in the history of brazilian linguistic knowledge in the twentieth century which presentified the meanings of the definition of art from the latin grammar of Donatus (IV AD) and the art from Eduardo Carlos Pereira s Portuguese grammar for a relationship with a form of knowledge of the science named Linguistics, also designated as Linguistics Modern and determined by a theoretical perspective of linguists Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir and Joaquim Mattoso Junior in the Bechara s Grammar. / A constituição de um gesto de interpretação sobre os efeitos de sentidos da definição do nome gramática, em uma relação com as formas de saber sobre a língua(gem), na história do conhecimento linguístico brasileiro, é o objetivo deste trabalho de tese. Essa problemática de pesquisa é desenvolvida a partir de um estudo sobre a definição desse nome na primeira edição de Moderna Gramática Portuguêsa, de Evanildo Bechara, e está ancorada em uma questão teórica do gesto de interpretação da posição sujeito analista que faz História das Ideias Linguísticas no Brasil. O compêndio gramatical de Bechara foi publicado em 1961, coincidindo com um momento histórico em que se dá a institucionalização da disciplina nomeada Linguística nos cursos de Letras do país, a qual é determinante de um efeito de ruptura da definição do nome gramática nessa obra, quando colocada em relação a outras do processo de gramatização brasileiro. Dentro do período de publicação de gramáticas da língua portuguesa para o Brasil do século XVI até meados do século XX o nome gramática é determinado por uma relação entre as designações de arte da gramática (portuguesa ou greco-latina) e de ciência, uma designação constituída por formas de saber sobre a língua(gem) em condições de produção específicas, tais como: Gramática Geral, Gramática Comparada, Gramática Histórica e Linguística Moderna. Pelas condições de produção da publicação da referida gramática de Bechara, por um gesto de interpretação sobre a definição do nome gramática, compreendemos que há um efeito de ruptura com a tradição da arte da gramática portuguesa, pois há uma reformulação da definição desse nome na história do conhecimento linguístico brasileiro no século XX. Isso vai atualizar sentidos da definição de arte da gramática latina de Donato (IV d.C.) e de arte da gramática portuguesa de Eduardo Carlos Pereira por uma relação com a forma de saber da ciência de nome Linguística, também designada como Linguística Moderna e determinada por uma perspectiva teórica dos linguistas Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir e Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Junior na gramática de Bechara.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-13T13:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Valdeci Silva Mendes.pdf: 2201959 bytes, checksum: e0da584e535db638c2c8bb4a1c5368f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-13T13:56:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Valdeci Silva Mendes.pdf: 2201959 bytes, checksum: e0da584e535db638c2c8bb4a1c5368f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T13:56:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Valdeci Silva Mendes.pdf: 2201959 bytes, checksum: e0da584e535db638c2c8bb4a1c5368f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-05 / CAPES / Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender como ocorre a aprendizagem da arte e ciência do cuidar em enfermagem, bem como apresentar a história do Curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Enfermagem (FAEN) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), valendo-se de uma abordagem étnico-racial. Desse modo, procurou identificar se esse Curso contempla conteúdos que favoreçam ou não conhecimentos para cuidar de pacientes negros em uma sociedade estruturada racista, como é o caso brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem qualitativa cujo guia de análise pautou-se na teoria da sociologia compreensiva. Por meio de aporte teórico, buscou-se conhecer a profissionalização da enfermagem no Brasil e delinear o objeto de pesquisa. Para compor o arcabouço de dados empíricos, apropriou-se de 26 registros históricos e atuais do Curso de Enfermagem da UFMT com o intuito de entender esse ambiente de ensino. Foram realizadas entrevistas e aplicação de questionário de identificação com 16 profissionais docentes enfermeiras e enfermeiros do referido Curso, responsáveis por disciplinas do Bloco I ao Bloco IX do semestre 2014/1; também foram aplicados questionários com oito discentes em enfermagem, concluintes em 2014/1. Foi necessário, ainda, promover registros em diário de anotações de campo. A análise temática de conteúdo permitiu identificar os seguintes resultados: das informações provenientes dos 26 registros institucionais, identificou-se que o Curso de Enfermagem da UFMT se encontra dentro de um enquadramento de ideologias racistas/eugênicas e não tem sinalizado de forma sólida o ensinar-cuidar de pacientes negros; das leituras do material referente às entrevistas e ao questionário de identificação dos docentes, emergiram cinco categorias de análise. A primeira categoria compreende as concepções do cuidar em enfermagem; a segunda está relacionada às marcas raciais biológicas no ensino da enfermagem; a terceira compõe o entendimento sobre relações raciais e saúde; a quarta que diz respeito à crença da ausência de racismo nas ações e práticas de enfermagem; e a quinta corresponde a comportamentos e atitudes de racismo no ambiente de aprendizagem da arte e ciência do cuidar em enfermagem. Com base nos dados fornecidos pelos discentes concluintes de enfermagem, emergiram duas categorias: uma que corresponde diretamente às atitudes de racismo no ambiente de aprendizagem, como já evidenciadas nas informações cedidas pelos profissionais docentes; e outra relacionada ao caráter de ensino baseado em concepções biológicas que tem relação com as marcas raciais biológicas do ensino da enfermagem. As evidências constatadas nas informações cedidas são reflexos da corporificarão teórica e científica sobre o objeto de trabalho da enfermagem – o cuidar humano. A possibilidade de superação do racismo, no campo de saber da arte e ciência do cuidar em enfermagem, deve iniciar-se pela educação, dentre outras ações. Para isso, é necessário compromisso político, social, ético e científico do corpo docente de enfermagem, inclusive com medidas institucionais, condições essas que os docentes e os discentes concluintes do Curso de Enfermagem na UFMT têm se distanciado. / This research aimed to understand how occours the learning of the art and science of nursing care, as well as presenting the history of Nursing Course of the Nursing College (FAEN) at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), drawing on an ethnic- racioal approach. Thus it sought to identify whether this course includes contents that promote or, don´t, knowledges to care for black patients in a structured racist society, like, for example, the case of Brazil. It´s a descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative approach whose analysis tab are guided in comprehensive sociology theory. Through theoretical approach, he sought to know the professionalization of nursing in Brazil and outline the research object. To compose the framework of empirical data, appropriated 26 historical and current records of nursing course of the UFMT in order to understand this learning environment. The interviews were made and identification questionnaire were apllied with 16 professional nurses, and nursing teachers of that course, they were responsible for subjects from Build I to Build IX of the semester 2014/1; It was also applied some questionnaires with eight students of nursing, graduating in 2014/1. It was also necessary to promote records in field diary notes. The thematic content analysis identified the following results: informations from 26 institutional records, it was found that the Nursing Course of UFMT is within a framework of racists/eugenics ideologies and has not signaled solidly the teach care for black patients; the readings of the material relating to interviews and questionnaire to identify the teachers, emerged five categories of analysis. The first category comprises the conceptions of nursing care; the second is related to biological racial brands in nursing education; the third comprises the understanding of racial relationships and health; the fourth regards to the belief of the absence of racism in the actions and nursing practice; and the fifth corresponds to behavior and racist attitudes in learning environment of the art and science of nursing care. Based on data provided by the graduating students of nursing, emerged two categories: one that directly corresponds to the racist attitudes in the learning environment, as evidenced in information transferred by teachers professionals; and other related to educational character based on biological concepts that relate to biological racial brands of nursing education. The evidence verified at the information transferred are reflections of theoretical and scientific emboriment on the nursing work object - the human caring. The possibility of overcoming racism in the field of knowledge of the art and science of nursing care, should start by education, among other actions. For this, it´s necessary a political commitment, social, ethical and scientific faculty of nursing, including institutional arrangements, conditions which teachers and graduating students of the nursing course at UFMT have distanced.

Acompanha: Produção científica e visual por meio de oficinas de leitura de imagem de temas da astronomia (material didático) / A formação de alunos com competência para o enfrentamento aos avanços acelerados no contexto tecnológico e científico é uma condição exigida pela sociedade atual. Mas, como atender as atuais necessidades do país, se ainda nos deparamos com um conhecimento fragmentado em disciplinas, sem fazer relação com a realidade do aluno? Como conseguir potencializar competências transversais se por outro lado ainda nos defrontamos com dificuldades no ensino de Ciências no cenário brasileiro? O presente estudo objetivou sugerir uma proposta de alfabetização visual e científica, que propiciasse a leitura, e a análise de representações astronômicas em espaços interdisciplinares, que favorecessem as áreas de Artes Visuais e Física. A pesquisa se justifica porque apresenta uma proposta de tornar exequível de um ensino, que não apenas propicie conhecimentos prontos, mas que priorize uma alfabetização científica e visual, que permita fazer conexões entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento, e que operadas juntas possam dar conta de esclarecer as relações existentes entre Ciência, Arte, tecnologia e sociedade. Para responder estas indagações partiu-se da hipótese que o entendimento da leitura de imagem aplicada no cotidiano dos alunos propiciaria competência para resolver problemas do cotidiano. A leitura e a análise de representações astronômicas em espaços interdisciplinares oferecem uma inovação na maneira de interpretar, ou uma nova linguagem que possa ir além do senso comum. Na atualidade se faz premente novas práticas pedagógicas, que ampliem o conhecimento, e habilitem os nossos alunos para o enfrentamento das novas tecnologias, para a compreensão da Ciência, para que possam corresponder aos novos desafios da contemporaneidade. / The training of students with competence to cope with accelerated advances in the technological and scientific context is a condition demanded by today's society. But, how to meet the current needs of the country, if we still come across a fragmented knowledge in disciplines, without relation to the reality of the student? How can we maximize transversal competences if, on the other hand, we still face difficulties in teaching science in the Brazilian scenario? The present study aimed to suggest a proposal of visual and scientific literacy that would allow the reading and analysis of astronomical representations in interdisciplinary spaces favoring the Visual Arts and Physics areas. The research is justified because it presents a proposal to make feasible a teaching that not only provides ready knowledge, but which prioritizes a scientific and visual literacy, that allows to make connections between different areas of knowledge, and that operated together can account for clarifying The existing relations between Science, Art, technology, and society. In order to answer these questions, it was hypothesized that the understanding of the reading of the image applied in the daily life of the students would give competence to solve daily problems. Reading and analyzing astronomical representations in interdisciplinary spaces offers an innovation in the way of interpreting, or a new language that can go beyond common sense. Nowadays, new pedagogical practices are intensified, which broaden the knowledge, and enable our students to face the new technologies, to understand science, so that they can respond to the new challenges of the contemporary world.

Acompanha: Praxinoscópio e zootrópio: brinquedos ópticos na relação arte-ciência / O desenvolvimento científico foi responsável por consolidar o início da ciência moderna. A presente pesquisa procurou problematizar a necessidade de aproximar Arte e Ciência reelaborando os aparelhos ópticos Zootrópio e Praxinoscópio, desenvolvendo, assim, o conhecimento artístico e o cientifico por meio de uma atividade lúdica e interdisciplinar entre Arte e Física. Para tanto foi fundamental o princípio da percepção visual e o da ilusão óptica, utilizando-se da movimentação de quadros estáticos (frame by frame). A reconstrução destes instrumentos ancorou-se nas oficinas de um Projeto de Extensão intitulado “Técnicas de Representação da Imagem: Do Renascimento à Fotografia”, dividida em duas oficinas especificas “Zootrópio: uma arte vista entre frestas luminosas” e “Praxinoscópio: o reflexo fragmentado da animação”. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa foram analisados em suas modalidades qualitativa e descritiva, tendo como fonte direta as informações mais próximas do ambiente escolar natural. Na fundamentação da pesquisa destacaram-se alguns teóricos, que abordaram fenômenos físicos presentes na vida cotidiana, como Perelman, Arnheim, Crary, Santaella, Fogliano e Lucena envolvendo as diferentes análises sobre a percepção visual e sua influência para cada observador na identificação de diferentes objetos. A narração histórica e cronológica dos primeiros inventos ópticos foram baseados em Briggs e Burgue, abordando as questões que envolvem a imagem enquanto forma de comunicação, especialmente com o advento da fotografia. A pesquisa finaliza-se com os resultados das oficinas e as observações dos alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Naturais, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) - campus Ponta Grossa. / Scientific development was responsible for consolidating the beginning of modern science. The present research sought to problematize the need to approach Art and Science by reworking the optical devices Zootrope and Praxinoscope, thus developing artistic and scientific knowledge through a playful and interdisciplinary activity between Art and Physics. For this, the principle of visual perception and optical illusion was fundamental, using frameby-frame motion. The reconstruction of these instruments was anchored in the workshops of an Extension Project entitled "Techniques of Image Representation: From the Renaissance to Photography", divided into two specific workshops "Zootrope: an art seen between luminous cracks" and "Praxinoscope: the fragmented reflection of animation ". The data obtained in the research were analyzed in their qualitative and descriptive modalities, having as direct source the information closest to the natural school environment. Some of the theorists focused on physical phenomena present in everyday life, such as Perelman, Arnheim, Crary, Santaella, Fogliano and Lucena, involving the different analyzes on visual perception and their influence for each observer in the identification of different objects. The historical and chronological narration of early optical inventions were based on Briggs and Burgue, addressing issues involving the image as a form of communication, especially with the advent of photography. The research is finished with the results of the workshops and the observations of the students of the undergraduate degree in Natural Sciences, of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) - Ponta Grossa campus.

Acompanha: Produção científica e visual por meio de oficinas de leitura de imagem de temas da astronomia (material didático) / A formação de alunos com competência para o enfrentamento aos avanços acelerados no contexto tecnológico e científico é uma condição exigida pela sociedade atual. Mas, como atender as atuais necessidades do país, se ainda nos deparamos com um conhecimento fragmentado em disciplinas, sem fazer relação com a realidade do aluno? Como conseguir potencializar competências transversais se por outro lado ainda nos defrontamos com dificuldades no ensino de Ciências no cenário brasileiro? O presente estudo objetivou sugerir uma proposta de alfabetização visual e científica, que propiciasse a leitura, e a análise de representações astronômicas em espaços interdisciplinares, que favorecessem as áreas de Artes Visuais e Física. A pesquisa se justifica porque apresenta uma proposta de tornar exequível de um ensino, que não apenas propicie conhecimentos prontos, mas que priorize uma alfabetização científica e visual, que permita fazer conexões entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento, e que operadas juntas possam dar conta de esclarecer as relações existentes entre Ciência, Arte, tecnologia e sociedade. Para responder estas indagações partiu-se da hipótese que o entendimento da leitura de imagem aplicada no cotidiano dos alunos propiciaria competência para resolver problemas do cotidiano. A leitura e a análise de representações astronômicas em espaços interdisciplinares oferecem uma inovação na maneira de interpretar, ou uma nova linguagem que possa ir além do senso comum. Na atualidade se faz premente novas práticas pedagógicas, que ampliem o conhecimento, e habilitem os nossos alunos para o enfrentamento das novas tecnologias, para a compreensão da Ciência, para que possam corresponder aos novos desafios da contemporaneidade. / The training of students with competence to cope with accelerated advances in the technological and scientific context is a condition demanded by today's society. But, how to meet the current needs of the country, if we still come across a fragmented knowledge in disciplines, without relation to the reality of the student? How can we maximize transversal competences if, on the other hand, we still face difficulties in teaching science in the Brazilian scenario? The present study aimed to suggest a proposal of visual and scientific literacy that would allow the reading and analysis of astronomical representations in interdisciplinary spaces favoring the Visual Arts and Physics areas. The research is justified because it presents a proposal to make feasible a teaching that not only provides ready knowledge, but which prioritizes a scientific and visual literacy, that allows to make connections between different areas of knowledge, and that operated together can account for clarifying The existing relations between Science, Art, technology, and society. In order to answer these questions, it was hypothesized that the understanding of the reading of the image applied in the daily life of the students would give competence to solve daily problems. Reading and analyzing astronomical representations in interdisciplinary spaces offers an innovation in the way of interpreting, or a new language that can go beyond common sense. Nowadays, new pedagogical practices are intensified, which broaden the knowledge, and enable our students to face the new technologies, to understand science, so that they can respond to the new challenges of the contemporary world.

Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo_RodrigoCumpre_M.pdf: 631068 bytes, checksum: c65f1218ec2e8e4cdcde720e293b4eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O texto visa evidenciar e depurar a função da arte no interior da análise crítica do ascetismo entendido como subseqüência do ressentimento, função essa necessariamente imbricada com a idéia de uma gaia ciência em oposição aos valores metafísico-niilistas. Conforme a tese dos escritos de Nietzsche, o tipo homem deu-se, via de regra, sob a égide dos valores negativos do ressentimento, cujo corolário é o ideal ascético, atual paradigma dominante de todas as áreas da vida humana (e de todo ¿conhecimento¿ sobre essas áreas). Contra esse processo de decadência que corresponde a um castramento do homem, a um enfraquecimento de seus impulsos positivos, criadores, apenas a arte poderá indicar o caminho para novas possibilidades de existência, posto que é a única atividade humana que exemplifica uma valoração não-asceta da existência. O espírito livre, o filósofo do futuro, tem na arte a matriz operacional que permitirá idealizar novamente o mundo, levar o homem a assumir, agora de forma consciente e plena, a função ¿divina¿ de auto-criador e modelador da vida, no espírito de Dioniso (do segundo Dioniso, o do velho Nietzsche). Ao invés do auto-apequenamento do homem, ter-se-ia, com e a partir da ¿arte¿ (isto é, com a auto-criação de cunho nobre, regida pela gaia ciência), as diretrizes para a auto-superação da vida humana atual, dando lugar e vazão a novas, ¿até agora não desejadas¿, realidades. Estas se traduzirão, por exemplo, numa grande saúde, numa grande política, numa grande razão, e mesmo numa grande seriedade; numa palavra, à existência em grande estilo, inédita na história, senão por alguns ¿acasos felizes¿. O ponto de viragem é a chamada morte de Deus, perpetrada pela própria vontade de verdade ascética, numa imensa e inédita auto-implosão que implica, inclusive, na auto-superação-supressão ou metamorfose da Filosofia em gaia ciência. Seus herdeiros diretos serão uma nova espécie de pensadores-que-sentem-e-criam, que englobarão e extrapolarão e superarão o filósofo, o artista, o médico, o legislador. Conclui-se, então, que a função da arte na Terceira Dissertação de ¿Para a genealogia da moral¿ tem lugar e se constitui no entremeio das engrenagens que movem a necessária, autoprogramada superação-supressão da vontade de verdade ascética em direção à gaia ciência. Conclui-se que na tessitura do aberto plano existencial humano há, entre arte e ciência-filosofia (Wissenschaft) uma contínua, inesgotável, instigante e produtiva tensão; uma relação, de mão dupla, entre dois pólos opostos-complementares, relação que se desdobra historicamente através de complexos tipos de formas de vida. Conclui-se que, na prática, ¿a filosofia ?na medida em que genuinamente olhe para dentro do 'abismo¿ da realidade? necessita das ilusões embelezadoras da arte a fim de não 'perecer pela verdade¿. Pois a arte constitui a melhor força de oposição contra o pessimismo negador do mundo e o maior estimulante para a vontade¿ [MAY, 1999, p. 35 (tr. pr.1)]. Conclui-se que Nietzsche quer, conscientemente, pôr em evidência e manter ativada essa relação na configuração filosofia-arte, bem como nas descrições do artista autêntico e do filósofo da gaia ciência / Abstract: The text aims to select and put in evidence the function of art in the interior of Nietzsche¿s critical analysis of asceticism, understood as a subsequence of resentment, function which necessarily imbricates with the idea of a gay science in opposition to the metaphysical-nihilistic values.As the thesis of Nietzsche¿s writings puts it, man type was given, usually, under the sign of the negative values of resentment, corollary of which is the ascetic ideal, current dominant paradigm of all human life realms (and of all "knowledge" on these areas). Against this process of decay that corresponds to a castration of man, to a weakness of its positive, creative impulses, only art will be able to indicate the way for new existence possibilities, given that is the sole human activity that exemplifies a non-ascetic valuation of the existence. The free spirit, the philosopher of the future, has in art the operational matrix that will allow idealizing the world again, to take man to assume, now in a conscientious and plain way, the ¿divine" function of self-creator and life shaper, in the spirit of Dionysus (of the second Dionysus, the one of the old Nietzsche). Instead of the self-diminishing of man, the lines of direction for current human life¿s self-overcoming would transpire with and from "art" (that is, the auto-creation of noble matrix, conducted by a gay science), giving place and outflow to new, "not yet desired", realities. These will be expressed, for example, in a great health, a great politics, a great reason, even in a great seriousness; in a word, in the existence in great style, unknown to history but for some "happy accidents". The turning point is the so-called death of God, perpetrated by the ascetic will to truth itself, an immense and unknown self-implosion that also implies the self-overcoming-suppression or metamorphosis of Philosophy in gay science. Its inheritors by right shall be a new species of thinkers-who-feel-and-create, who shall encompass and overcome and overpass the philosopher, the artist, the doctor, and the legislator. One then concludes that the function of art in the Third Inquire of "Toward the genealogy of morals" has place and constitutes itself in the in between of the gears that move the necessary, selfprogrammed, overcoming-suppression of the ascetic will to truth toward gay science. One concludes that upon the open plain of human existential tissue there is a continuum, inexhaustible, exciting and productive tension between art and science-philosophy (Wissenschaft); a double-handed relation between two opposite-complementary polar poles that historically unfolds through complex life form types. One concludes that, in short, ¿philosophy ?insofar as it genuinely looks into the 'abyss¿ of reality? needs the beautifying illusions of art lest it 'perish of the truth¿. For art constitutes the best counterforce against world-denying pessimism and the greatest stimulant of the will.¿ [MAY, 1999, p. 35]. One concludes that Nietzsche wants, conscientiously, to put in evidence and to keep activated this relation in the philosophy-art configuration as well as in the descriptions of the authentic artist and of the gay science philosopher / Mestrado / Historia da Filosofia Contemporanea / Mestre em Filosofia