Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [137]-148).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [134]-154).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [83]-96).

Orientador: Eros Antonio de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hernandes_DorivalBlaquer_M.pdf: 1038635 bytes, checksum: f87a9f0cf9cca81b3827e6b7fefdbb9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo detectar o efeito da rosuvastatina sobre os lípides plasmáticos, peroxidação lipídica, colesterol tecidual e disfunção endotelial e comparar seus efeitos com a atorvastatina em coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos. Métodos: Quarenta coelhos machos da raça Nova Zelândia foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: Grupo Hipercolesterolêmico (GH), Grupo não Hipercolesterolêmico (GN), Grupo Atorvastatina (GA) e Grupo Rosuvastatina (GR) (N = 10). Todos os animais foram alimentados com dieta complementada com gordura de côco 10% e colesterol 0,5% por 45 dias e água a vontade. Após 15 dias amostras de sangue foram colhidas dos grupos através de punção venosa para determinação do colesterol plasmático total. A rosuvastatina era administrada por gavagem, na dose de 2,5 mg/dia/animal e a atorvastatina na dose de 10 mg/dia/animal aos Grupos GR e GA. No final do experimento, novas amostras de sangue foram coIbidas para determinação do colesterol total e isolamento de LDL. Os animais foram sacrificados por deslocamento cervical, êra realizada Toracotomia, a aorta era removido e preparado anéis de 5mm para o estudo da função endotelial, medindo colesterol tecidual, MDA na parede da aorta e LDLs. Os resultados foram comparados por métodos estatísticos não - paramétricos. Resultados: Ao analisar os resultados deste trabalho, podem ser observadas redução dos níveis de CT, 44,1 % e 66%, TG 53,16%, 23,11 %, LDL 53% e de, 40,68%, e um aumento de 17,23%, 36,98% do HDL e uma melhora na função endotelial de 33,09%, 22,37%, respectivamente, em relação a comparação GA e GR. Com o GH. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que rosuvastatina e atorvastatina foram equivalentes na redução das susceptibilidades de LDL de sofrer peroxidação, diminuindo o colesterol tecidual e melhorando a função endotelial / Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the effect of the rosuvastatin on plasmatic lipids, lipidic peroxidation, tis sueI cholesterol, and endothelium disfunction and to compare its effect with the atorvastatin in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methods: Forty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized in Four Groups: Group Hypercholesterolemic (GH), Group No Hypercholesterolemic (GN), Group Atorvastatin (GA) and Group Rosuvastatin (GR). (N=lO). AlI the animaIs were fed with diet supplemented with fat of coconut 10% and cholesterol 0.5% w/w per 45 days. After 15 days samples of blood were removed from the groups through venous punction for total plasmatic cholesterol determination. Then the rosuvastatin was managed by gavage, in the dose of 2,5mg and Atorvastatin in the dose of 10mg per day to each animal of Groups GR. and GA. In the end of the experiment, new samples of blood were renioved for determination of the cholesterol and isolation pf LDL. The animals were sacrificed by displacement of the cervical column. Medium Toracotomia was carried out and the aorta was removed for ring preparation for study of the endothelium function, measured of tissue cholesterol, MDA in the walI of aorta and LDLs. The results were compared by not-parametric statistical methods. Results: When analyzing the results of this work, a reduction in the CT levels can be observed, of 44,1 % and 66%, TG 53.16%, 23.11%, LDL 53% and of, 40.68%, and an increase of 17,23%, 36.98% of HDL, 33.09%, 22.37% in the endothelium function respectively for the compared GA and GR. with the GH. Conclusion: The results have sh6wn that rosuvastatin and atorvastatin were equivalent in reducing the susceptibilities of LDL to suffer peroxidation, in decreasing the tecidual cholesterol and improving the endothelium function / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Orientador: Domingo Marcolino Braile / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_JoaoAugustoFerrazde_M.pdf: 2654905 bytes, checksum: 778c759d35636e8b578d9a090162b246 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A artéria radial voltou a ser utilizada em larga escala como enxerto coronariano após 1992. Desde então, ela tem sido utilizada mundialmente, considerando que um enxerto coronariano arterial teoricamente teria maior durabilidade que um enxerto venoso. Porém, a artéria radial pode ser sede de doença aterosclerótica obstrutiva preexistente à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. O objetivo desta dissertação foi determinar a freqüência de lesões ateroscleróticas obstrutivas e também lesões ateroscleróticas microscópicas em toda extensão das artérias radiais de 29 cadáveres com idade acima de 35 anos. Método: foram dissecadas ambas as artérias radiais dos cadáveres, em toda sua extensão, como se fossem ser utilizadas para cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. Realizou-se angiograma com contraste nessas artérias a fim de detectar-se lesões ateroscleróticas obstrutivas. Em seguida foram retirados 3 fragmentos de cada artéria(proximal, medial, distal), para análise histopatológica. Os fragmentos foram fixados e incluídos em parafina, submetidos à coloração com hematoxilina-eosina, para identificação histológica de lesões ateroscleróticas e pré ateroscleróticas. Os resultados foram confrontados com os fatores de risco para aterosclerose encontrados nesses cadáveres: idade, sexo, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, diabetes, antecedentes familiares, infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, obesidade e insuficiência vascular periférica. Resultados: não foram encontradas lesões obstrutivas na angiografia. Quatro cadáveres apresentaram lesões ateroscleróticas à microscopia óptica. Não foram encontradas correlações entre os fatores de risco e lesão aterosclerótica à microscopia. Conclusão: não foram encontradas lesões obstrutivas nas artérias radiais dos cadáveres estudados / Abstract: The use of radial artery as a coronary artery bypass graft increased since 1992. It is justified that arterial grafts theoretically would last more than venous grafts. But radial arteries could have atherosclerotic obstructions before cardiac bypass grafting surgery. The objective of this study is to verify the incidence of atherosclerotic obstructions and microscopic atherosclerotic lesions in radial arteries dissected from cadavers with 35 or more of age. Methods: 29 cadavers had both radial arteries dissected as if they were utilized as a coronary artery bypass graft. An angiogram was performed to determine atherosclerotic obstruction of the radial artery. After that, 3 fragments of the artery (proximal, medial, distal) were prepared in haematoxilin-eosin microscopic slides in the aim to detect microscopical atherosclerotic lesions. Results were confronted with risk factor found in cadaver¿s story: age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking story, myocardial infarctation, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, family story. Results: No obstructive lesions were found in the angiogram. Four cadavers presented microscopic atherosclerotic and pre-atherosclerotic lesions. Among the risk factors studied, only age was correlated with microscopic lesions. The arteries measured 19.22 cm (mean) in males, 17.45 cm (mean) in females. Its diameters were 1.87 mm in males, 1.72 in females. There were no correlation between the risk factors studied and presence of microscopical atherosclerotis lesions. Conclusions: No atherosclerotic obstructions were found in the radial arteries of those cadavers / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia

There is epidemiological and experimental evidence suggesting that exercise training may reduce the mortality rate from coronary heart disease, in particular the sudden death rate, and that it may improve the peak functional capacity of the heart. This thesis includes experimental work that is relevant to both these questions.

A newly discovered activity in human serum protects porcine aortic endothelial cells in culture from injury by very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). This factor, toxicity-preventing activity (TxPA), was measured in 29 relatively young men (43 ± 8 years) who had undergone coronary angiography. The level of TxPA was found to be significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in men who demonstrated more than 15% narrowing of their coronary arteries. Men (n = 18) who had 15% or less narrowing were found to have 104 ± 48 units of TxPA while men (n = 11) with coronary artery disease had 48 ± 24 units of TxPA. A value derived from the product of TxPA and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level divided by the non-HDL-C (total cholesterol-HDL-C) accurately separated 97% of the men into 2 groups. TxPA thus appears to be a new protective factor in coronary artery disease, which, when combined with total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol values, provides an accurate classification of established coronary artery disease in these subjects.

What role do high and low wall shear stresses play in the deterioration of arteriole and capillary walls? Plaque buildup is common around bifurcations in arterioles, indicating that low wall shear stress may play a role in the weakening of the walls. This thesis investigates the creation of blood analog fluid used in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) curved channel to explore the fluid properties and characteristics near bifurcations. Major results in the experiments showed the viscosity and surface tension trends of a blood analog fluid composed of xanthan gum, glycerin, and distilled water with the addition of Silver Coated Hollow Glass Spheres in varying volume fractions. All experiments were conducted at room temperature with varying flow rates between 0.1-2 µL/second. The velocity profile was characterized at each flow rate. Important results that will be discussed will include the variation of flow near bifurcations and at different flow rates and RBC concentration. Full parabolic velocity profiles formed in the straight region of the channels as expected. After the bifurcation, the velocity profile was skewed to the outer wall. At lower flow rates there were fewer particles flowing near the wall of the channel.

Cardiovascular disease is among the leading causes of death in the US. It stems from the pathological buildup of plaque within the vasculature known as vascular calcification. Medial calcification, or arteriosclerosis is the buildup of plaque within the medial layer of the arteries resulting in artery wall stiffening and reduction of blood flow. Evidence suggests that the vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) that line the medial layer of the arteries, undergo a phenotypic switch to osteoblast-like cells to deposit calcium while in this pathological state. The Wnt/BETA-catenin pathway could potentially play a role in the phenotypic modulation. Inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway could be a promising approach to combat vascular calcification. Sclerostin (SOST) has been shown to be upregulated during arteriosclerosis in a manner that is indicative of the possible therapeutic potential of the protein. Therefore, we propose to confirm the role of Wnt signaling in vascular calcification and investigate the effects of SOST treatment on vascular calcification.

Early deterioration and long-term recurrence were common after stroke or transient ischemic attach (TIA), however, it is unclear whether they were correlated with active embolization and the consequent new cerebral infarct in acute phase. By employing TCD and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), we studied the significance of the progression of MES and infarcts during acute phase on the clinical outcomes. We found that the disappearance of MES was correlated with better improvement on day 7 of recruitment; for the long-term outcome, occurrence of exacerbating infarct tended to predict recurrent stroke. Treatment aiming to reduce MES and prevent infarct exacerbation in acute phase may improve the prognosis after stroke. / Finally, one study was performed to assess the changes of hemodynamic parameters after stenting of severe stenosis in the MCA. We aimed to investigate whether TCD can reflect the lumen changes after revascularization and detect hyperperfusion. The findings showed that the velocity of stented MCA in most patients normalized within 24 hours after procedure, but the role of TCD in detecting restenosis in long run needed to be verified; no one suffered from hyperperfusion during the period of our study. The long-term outcomes of patients with normalized velocity versus those with persistently high velocity needed to be further studied. Apart from the velocity changes, changes of the collateral flow after intervention may also be an important part of hemodynamic changes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / It was suggested that anti-platelet therapy can reduce the MES, but little was known about the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) although in theory LMWH can reduce the red fibrin-dependent thromboemboli. As a sub-analysis of Fraxiparine in Ischemic Stroke (FISS)-tris study, our study did not show advantages of LMWH in eliminating MES compared with aspirin. / Previous studies showed the accuracy of TCD in diagnosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis was variable and the positive predictive value (PPV) was less than 50% in a recent report. One of the important reasons was that most criteria were based on the velocity-only method, ignoring other non-velocity information. Thus, we tried to establish new diagnostic criteria by means of designing an assessment form which integrated more characteristics apart from the velocity acceleration. A composite score for each MCA was calculated according to following parameters in the form: Velocity Scale (score 0-6 for peak systolic velocities&lt;140 to &ge;300cm/s), Hemodynamic Scale (score 0-5 for focal or diffuse velocity increase; score 0-6 for differences between bilateral MCA; score 17 for damping velocity), Spectrum Scale (score 0-2 for normal spectrum, turbulence and musical murmurs). Our results showed that compared with the previously reported criteria, the score calculated from the assessment form yielded much more balanced accuracy against magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). However, the composition of the assessment form was only based on personal experience and need to be further modified. Multicenter studies with large sample size are also needed to confirm the advantages of this new method. / Second, we performed three studies to investigate the relationship between the progression of MES and the short or long-term outcome and the relationship between MES and different treatments. / Hao, Qing. / Adviser: Ka Sing Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3419. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-181). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.