O trabalho reúne características relacionadas aos escopos de pesquisa de Vida e Inteligência Artificial, Ciência Cognitiva, e Realidade Virtual. O objetivo primordial é a concepção de um modelo de comportamento autônomo e adaptativo que permita a interação do personagem virtual num ambiente, mesmo dispondo de informações incertas e vagas. Sob esse intuito o projeto desenvolve a conciliação de recursos para tratarem a idéia de racionalizar sobre tais incertezas, promovendo assim, a capacidade de agir assumindo-se alguns riscos decorrentes desse caráter inexato. Por conseqüência, os humanos virtuais são capazes de observarem o ambiente no qual se situam, apresentarem representações internas e racionalizadas dessas informações incertas, que no trabalho são levantadas como crenças, e ainda tomarem decisões baseadas nessas informações. Através do processo de decisão o personagem é capaz de reavaliar as suas crenças; implicando em um comportamento maduro em decorrência dos procedimentos usados para deliberar e realizar ações em um ambiente virtual. / This work puts together features related to the research areas of Artificial Life, Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science and Virtual Reality. The main goal of this work is the conception of an adaptive and autonomous behavior model which alows the interaction, even with uncertain information, between a virtual character and an environment. Therefore, resources are organized to be handled rationally with uncertainties, thus, the ability to act assuming some risks of this inexact aspect are granted. The results enable the virtual humans to observe their environment, to present internal and rationalized representations of this uncertain information, represented in this work as beliefs, and taking decisions based on this information. Through the decision process, the character can re-evaluate its beliefs; which imply in a mature behavior, as a consequence of how procedures are used to deliberate and to perform actions in a virtual environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana Hidemi.pdf: 3481606 bytes, checksum: adfb828aa4bd9a6c32fe387bc93496e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-25 / This paper focuses on Brazilian production of one the currents of technology and arte, called bioart, with emphasis on one of its aspects called "artificial life art" - inspired by the dynamic processes of biological systems - which promote the emergency of digital artificial systems, dynamic and self-sustaining, named "artificial life". This reserach presentes featured works of Brazilian production of this emerging artistic category and analyses the poetic propositions of the artistis with emphasis on verifying the forms of interactivity of these works. Simultaneously with the exploraty investigation of the art in Brazil, it has been developed a project on "bioart" in which its goal is to explore some interactive possibilities of a system based on evolutionary algorithm and artificial life. / Esta dissertação enfoca a produção brasileira de uma das correntes de arte e tecnologia, a chamada bioarte, com ênfase em uma de suas vertentes a chamada "arte da vida artificial" - inspirada nos processos dinâmicos dos sistemas biológicos - que promove a emergência de sistemas artificiais digitais, dinâmicos e auto-sustentáveis, denominados de ""vida artificial". A pesquisa apresenta obras de destaque na produção brasileira dessa categoria de expressão artística emergente, e analisa as propostas poéticas dos artistas com ênfase na verificação das formas de interatividade destes trabalhos. Simultaneamente à investigação exploratória da produção da arte em vida artificial no Brasil, foi desenvolvido um projeto em bioarte que objetiva explorar algumas possibilidades interativas de um sistema baseados em algoritmos evolucionários e vida artificial.

O trabalho reúne características relacionadas aos escopos de pesquisa de Vida e Inteligência Artificial, Ciência Cognitiva, e Realidade Virtual. O objetivo primordial é a concepção de um modelo de comportamento autônomo e adaptativo que permita a interação do personagem virtual num ambiente, mesmo dispondo de informações incertas e vagas. Sob esse intuito o projeto desenvolve a conciliação de recursos para tratarem a idéia de racionalizar sobre tais incertezas, promovendo assim, a capacidade de agir assumindo-se alguns riscos decorrentes desse caráter inexato. Por conseqüência, os humanos virtuais são capazes de observarem o ambiente no qual se situam, apresentarem representações internas e racionalizadas dessas informações incertas, que no trabalho são levantadas como crenças, e ainda tomarem decisões baseadas nessas informações. Através do processo de decisão o personagem é capaz de reavaliar as suas crenças; implicando em um comportamento maduro em decorrência dos procedimentos usados para deliberar e realizar ações em um ambiente virtual. / This work puts together features related to the research areas of Artificial Life, Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science and Virtual Reality. The main goal of this work is the conception of an adaptive and autonomous behavior model which alows the interaction, even with uncertain information, between a virtual character and an environment. Therefore, resources are organized to be handled rationally with uncertainties, thus, the ability to act assuming some risks of this inexact aspect are granted. The results enable the virtual humans to observe their environment, to present internal and rationalized representations of this uncertain information, represented in this work as beliefs, and taking decisions based on this information. Through the decision process, the character can re-evaluate its beliefs; which imply in a mature behavior, as a consequence of how procedures are used to deliberate and to perform actions in a virtual environment.

<p>Composing music is something a lot of people have wished they could be able to do. Unfortunately, to be able to compose music, people often need several years of training and study to acquire the necessary knowledge: first to learn how to use the traditional musical representation and then to learn the rules for composing different kinds of music. </p><p>This thesis describes research to develop and evaluate a representation and system for musical composition. The system provides users with a simple and specific language to create and interact with the artificial world; and by creating animals and giving them behaviors, users are composing music. The user study conducted at the end of this project showed that this program ("CompositionALife") could make it easier for people without previous knowledge in music and/or composition to compose interesting music.</p>

Die Arbeit fragt nach dem aktuellen Bild des Menschen im westlichen Denken anhand des Leitfadens der Philosophie des Organischen von Helmuth Plessner. Dabei handelt es sich um eine acht Jahrzehnte zurückliegende philosophische Bestrebung, die, wie sich zeigen lässt, befruchtende Impulse in aktuelle Debatten und Theorien im Umkreis des Komplexes homo / humanitas einbringen kann. Plessner Werk »Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch.Einführung in die philosophische Anthropologie« (1928) fragt, was das organische Lebewesen Mensch sei – in methodischer Absicht. Zur Beantwortung der Frage wird zunächst das organische Leben, beginnend beim Einzeller, hinführend zum Menschen, untersucht. Das Ergebnis ist aber nicht das Endziel der Untersuchung, sondern Ausgangspunkt und Grundlage der philosophischen Anthropologie, welche Plessner als eine Hermeneutik entwirft und zum Fundament der Geisteswissenschaften erheben möchte. Plessner fand die Notwendigkeit dazu in der Ideengeschichte vor, die bereits zu seiner Zeit an einen Punkt gelangt war, an dem die Naturwissenschaften Leitfunktion übernommen hatten. »Philosophische Anthropologie« ist der Name eines interdisziplinären Programms im Dienste der Geisteswissenschaften (als einer Wissenschaft mit fundierter Deutungskompetenz). Die »Philosophie des Organischen« ist dieses Programmes Kern. Im ersten Teil Arbeit wird davon gehandelt, wie es zur Trennung in Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften kam, dem von Plessner so bezeichneten »cartesianische Alternativprinzip«. Es wird sich zeigen, dass Plessner mit seiner Analyse den Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Unvereinbarkeit von Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften gefunden hat – und damit den Schlüssel zur Überwindung dieses Dualismus. Um die Herausforderungen an ein ganzheitliches Menschenbild geht es im weiteren Verlauf. Die Arbeit stellt kurz die für Plessners Philosophie relevante Lebensphilosophie und die Phänomenologie, welche er als »hermeneutische Deskriptionsmethode« einsetzt, vor. Die »Philosophie des Organischen« gipfelt im Begriff der »exzentrischen Positionalität« und mündet in drei daraus ableitbaren »anthropologischen Grundgesetzen«. Im Anschluss wird zum Thema »Philosophische Anthropologie« übergeleitet. Diese ist fundiert durch die Philosophie des Organischen, welche somit die Funktion eines Bindeglieds übernimmt. In einem pluralistischen Dialog mit den Wissenschaften kommt es nun darauf an, die Gesetze der belebten Materie durchzuhalten, die jenseits des empiristischen Weltmodells liegen. Eine der zahlreichen daran anknüpfbaren Anwendungen findet die Arbeit abschließend in einer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff der »Lebendigkeit« im Zusammenhang mit der Erforschung künstlicher Intelligenz. Es zeigt sich, dass die offenbar unreflektiert vollzogene Annäherung der Begriffe »Intelligenz« und »Lebendigkeit« unzulässig ist.

Composing music is something a lot of people have wished they could be able to do. Unfortunately, to be able to compose music, people often need several years of training and study to acquire the necessary knowledge: first to learn how to use the traditional musical representation and then to learn the rules for composing different kinds of music. This thesis describes research to develop and evaluate a representation and system for musical composition. The system provides users with a simple and specific language to create and interact with the artificial world; and by creating animals and giving them behaviors, users are composing music. The user study conducted at the end of this project showed that this program ("CompositionALife") could make it easier for people without previous knowledge in music and/or composition to compose interesting music.

Abstract Artificial Life is an interdisciplinary scientific and engineering enterprise investigating the fundamental properties of living systems through the simulation and synthesis of life-like processes in artificial media. One of the avenues of investigation is autonomous robots and agents. Mimicking of the growth and adaptation of a biological neural circuit in an artificial medium is a challenging task owing to our limited knowledge of the complex process taking place in a living organism. By combining several developmental mechanisms, including the chemical, mechanical, genetic, and electrical, researchers have succeeded in developing networks with interesting topology, morphology, and function within Artificial Computational Chemistry. However, most of these approaches still fail to create neural circuits able to solve real problems in perception and robot control. In this thesis a phenomenological developmental model called a Stochastic Evolutionary Neuron Migration Process (SENMP) is proposed. Employing a spatial encoding scheme with lateral interaction of neurons for artificial neural networks, which represent candidate solutions within a neural network ensemble, neurons of the ensemble form problem-specific spatial patterns with the desired dynamics as they migrate under the selective pressure. The approach is applied to gain new insights into development, adaptation and plasticity in neural networks and to evolve purposeful behaviors for mobile robots. In addition, the approach is used to study the relationship of spatial patterns, composed of interacting entities, and their dynamics. The feasibility and advantages of the approach are demonstrated by evolving neural controllers for solving a non-Markovian double pole balancing problem and by evolving controllers that exhibit navigation behavior for simulated and real mobile robots in complex environments. Preliminary results regarding the behavior of the adapting neural network ensemble are also shown and, particularly, a phenomenon exhibiting Hebbian-like dynamics. This thesis is a step toward a long range goal that aims to create an intelligent robot that is capable of learning complex skills and adapts rapidly to environmental changes.

Collective intelligence (CI) emerges from local coordination, collaboration and competition among the individuals within a social group. CI mainly results in a global intelligent behavior. One of the fundamental interactional channels within a CI system is energy flow. Each agent within an artificial or physical ecosystem must absorb energy in order to survive, evolve, breed, and reshape its local environment. In addition because the energy resources are limited in the environment, each agent has to compete with other agents to reach the required level of energy. Understanding the internal energy flow can potentially provide a deep insight into internal activities and external emergent behaviors of a given complex system. This study proposes a stochastic scheme for modeling a multi-species prey-predator artificial ecosystem with two levels of food chain. This will enable us to investigate the influence of energy flow on the ecosystem’s lifetime. The proposed model consists of a stationary hosting environment with dynamic weather condition and fruit trees. The inhabitants of this ecosystem are herbivore and carnivore birds each consisting of species. In our model, the collective behavior emerges in terms of flocking with more added rules consist of breeding, competing, resting, hunting, escaping, seeking and foraging behaviors. Using multi-species scheme, we define the ecosystem as a combination of prey and predator species with inter-competition among species within same level of food chain and intra-competition among those belonging to different levels of food chain. Furthermore, in order to model the energy within the ecosystem, some energy variables as functions of behaviors are incorporated in to the model. Finally, a simulation and visualization structure for implementing the proposed model is developed in this study. The experimental results of 11,000 simulations analyzed by Cox univariate analysis and hazard function suggest that only five out of eight behaviors can statistically significant influence the ecosystem’s lifetime. Furthermore, the results of survival analysis show that out of all possible interactions among energy factors, only two of them, interaction between flocking and seeking energies, and interaction between flocking and hunting energies, have statistically significant impact on the system’s lifetime. In addition, software implementation of the proposed framework validates the stability of simulation and visualization architecture. At last regression results using Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard function and Cox-Snell variable and scaled Schoenfeld residuals test strongly validate our experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, there are three contributions in this research: First, the high level of complexity in the structure of the proposed model in comparison with the other systems which mostly contains only one species of prey, one species of predator and a kind of resource. While this study introduces two species of prey, capability of competition among species, dynamic weather condition with two element of wind and rain and dynamic resources, various behavioral rules such as escaping, breeding, hunting, resting, etc. Energy flow analysis within an artificial ecosystem is the second contribution. To the best of author’s knowledge there is no similar comprehensive model in the previous literature that investigates the life span of a stochastic multi-species predator-prey artificial ecosystem based on energy flow using Survival Analysis method. Lastly, the simulation results show that the flocking and seeking energy and flocking and hunting energy interactions are the most significant interactions which match with the Thompson iii et al. [ 65] observations in the real life. Their findings indicate that in the real life, birds use flocking behavior for better movement, more efficient food searching and social learning. Flocking motion also decrease predation risk as much as the flock size increases.

We present simulation results of a minimal life-like, artificial, molecular aggregate (i.e. protocell) that has been proposed by Steen Rasussen and coworkers and is currently pursued both experimentally and computationally in interdisciplinary international research projects. We develop a space-time continuous physically motivated simulation framework based on the method of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) which we incrementally extend (most notably by chemical reactions) to cope with the needs of our model. The applicability of the method over the entire length scale of interest is reintroduced, by rejecting a concern that DPD introduces a freezing artifact for any model above the atomistic scale. This is achieved by deriving an alternative scaling procedure for interaction parameters in the model. We perform system-level simulations of the design which attempt to account for theoretical, and experimental knowledge, as well as results from other computational models. This allows us to address key issues of the replicating subsystems container, genome, and metabolism both individually and in mutual coupling. We analyze each step in the life-cycle of the molecular aggregate, and a finnal integrated simulation of the entire life-cycle is prepared. Our simulations confirm most assumptions of the theoretical designs, but also exhibit unanticipated system-level dynamics. These findings are used to revise the original design of the Los Alamos minimal protocell over the course of the analysis. The results support the hypothesis that self-replication and probably other life-like features can be achieved in systems of formerly unanticipated simplicity if these systems exploit physicochemical principles that are immanent to their physical scale.

Artificial life modelling is an extensive subject to exert effort in one piece of work such as this work. For that reason this work is limited to keep the base line of modelling of human behavior. Presented work deal with a creation of an artificial agent whose human-like behavior is implemented according to the PECS reference model. Specification of the PECS reference model is implemented in Java to build a simulation of artificial human being in some environment. Modeled human being has been assigned to imitate human activities, react adequately to sensed events from the environment and change the environment to achieve its goals. Modeled human being is a behavior controled entity acting according to its current role.