<p>This thesis is a comparatoive study of four Africaribbean women's poetry: Marlene Nourbese Philip, Claire Harris, Lorna Goodison, Cynthia James. It is also a study of what it means to be a minority writer who happens to be female and Black in Canada. I look at how various factors affect the way these poets use language to develop an Africaribbean/Canadian feminist rhetoric of recovery, not only for themselves as individuals, but also for Africaribbean group healing and growth. The thesis is divided into five chapters and a tentative conclusion.</p> <p>In Chapter One, I address the various theoretical locations or un-locations and paradigms of Caribbean literary and critical history in order to contextuatlize my reading of the work of these poets. I discuss the salient issues of silence, voice, marginality, language, and audience. Chapter Two takes me through an exploration of the evolution of voice in Marlene Nourbese Philip's poetry within antagonistic yet receptive Canadian literaryscape. I explore her work through theories and practices of decontructing and deterritorializing the imperial father tongue--English--in search of a lost mother tongue. Claire Harris developments through high modernist, feminist/postcolonial territories become the framework for my examination of her poetry. But this examination is also done within the background of prairie culture and Canadian political of multiculturalism. Her treatment of Africaribbean femininity, gender relations, race, motherdaughter relations through a collage of linguistic paraphenalia and literary models is traced and explained.</p> <p>In Chapter Four, I compare the politics of cultural location that produce the discourse of contestation in both Philip and Harris with Lorna Goodison's exploration of Africaribbean culture, and religions from her Jamaican location. I opined that Goodison unlike Philip and Harris to some ecxtent is not very concerned with contesting any domionant group for space and audeince, but searching for an ideology of healing the wounded souls of her people. In Chapter Five, I study Cynthia James's poetic of healing in a Trinbagonian society. My central concern t here is how James makes use of innovative collages of Trinbagonian traditional belief systems, cultural musical productions, and religious and literary traditions to get her people to move from moaning ground to heartease.</p> <p>I arrive finally at a tentative conclusion which stresses a transnational, inter-and intra-theoretical, paralinguistic, and multicultural reading of any of these poets.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>This thesis presents the results of an investigation of antifraternal materials produced in France during the thirteenth century and in England during the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries. Primary materials include theological tracts such as William of Saint Amour's De periculis novissimorum temporum and De pharisaeo et publicano and Richard FitzRalph's Defensio curatorum and vernacular works such as several of Rutebeuf's dits, Jean de Meun's continuation of The Romance of the Rose, John Gower's Vox clamantis, Chaucer's Summoner's Tale, John Skelton's "Collyn Clout," Thomas More's Utopia, John Heywood's The Pardonner and The Friar, Robert Greene's Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, and Thomas Fuller's "Chaucer."</p> <p>These materials collectively confirm that, during the late Middle Ages following FitzRalph's influential attack on friars, a particularly British body of antifraternal literature, distinct from its French progenitor, emerged. The distinctly British treatment of friars, marked by its emphasis on fraternal oratories and friars as peddlers, continued until the Reformation when it faded away as the friars themselves silently dissolved into the rapidly changing British religious landscape. Despite the appearance of antifraternal motifs and images in post-Reformation literature, this body of literature lacks a particularly British colouring.</p> <p>Any study that fuses Medieval and Renaissance ingredients runs the risk of granting more weight to one period than to another. Although I have attempted to be always aware of this problem, an imbalance does remain. Chapters one through four address various medieval aspects of the antifraternal tradition while Chapter five a d the Epilogue examine antifraternal literature of the early Renaissace and Renaissance. The Prologue looks at both periods. I can only hop that the light shed on the ghostly Renaissance antifraternal figure, a figue infrequently discussed in scholarly criticism, partly rights the imbalance.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Many pages appear darker than others because of necessary rescanning.</p> / <p>In 1908, Henry James prepared a revised version of The Wings of the Dove {1902) as part of the New York Edition of his works. Despite the notoriety of James's habit of revision, and despite the high critical status of the novel as one of James's major works, no scholarly edition of the novel exists. This study attempts to supply such an edition by presenting the text of the first printing of The Wings of the Dove, together with a complete list of substantive variants in the two other editions supervised by the author.</p> <p>There are three forms in which the text of The Wings of the Dove is available: the first American edition (Scribner's, 1902); the first English edition (Constable, 1902); and the New York Edition (Scribner's, 1909). This study refers to these three editions as A, C and N, respectively. The history of the text shows that A, while the first to be published, is not the first printed; moreover, it lacks some of the final corrections which James made in his proofsheets of C. Hence, C, the first text to be printed and the one which contains all of his corrections of 1902, has been chosen as the copy-text for this edition.</p> <p>In addition to a brief discussion of the textual variants, the introduction to this edition presents all the available authorial aids to understanding the novel. Acomplete history of James's composition and publication of The Wings of the Dove, from his first Notebook entries of 1894 to the revision of the novel in 1908, is reconstructed here from published and unpublished letters of the period. A section devoted to analysis of James's epistolary comments on the novel and of his one published critique, the Preface to the New York Edition of The Wings of the Dove_, reveals inconsistencies which are ultimately related to the long and intermittent period over which the novel was composed. Finally, examination of some of James's revisions leads to the conclusion that most of the substantive variants are stylistic in effect, but that the remainder clarify or add to the meaning of particular passages.</p> <p>The text of the first English edition of The Wings of the Dove (C) is reproduced here as this edition's reading text. The correct forms of misprints in C are given in the lateral margins. The substantive variants in A and Nare listed in the lower margins of the pages on which the orginal text appears. This variant edition presents, for the first time, and in convenient form, all the authorial versions of the text of The Wings of the Dove.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>The Phaenomena, written by Aratus of Soli in 276-274 B.C., enjoyed immense popularity in antiquity and was translated into Latin verse by Marcus Tullius Cicero, Germanicus Caesar and Rufius Festus Avienus, and into Latin prose by an anonymous author writing in the seventh century A.D. Previous studies of these works have provided important observations about individual aspects of the Latin poems and this thesis seeks to add to the understanding and appreciation of the works by comparing in detail the three verse translations and, where appropriate and possible, the prose Aratus Latinus, with the Greek original and with each other.</p> <p>The first chapter examines the problem of the popularity of the Greek Phaenomena down to the Renaissance and the second chapter investigates the nature of translation as a Roman literary phenomenon. The five chapters which follow include statistical surveys, based on both scansion of the poems and on computer-concordances compiled for the thesis, and stylistic analyses in order to elucidate the degree to which the translations were dependent upon and independent from the Greek model and the similarities and differences amcng the translations them.selves. Chapter III investigates four aspects of metre (metrical patterns, first and fourth foot, elision, and caesurae and diaereses). Chapter rv examines the quantity of sound and, in particular, initial consonantal alliteration. Chapter V contains a discussion of compound adjectives and epithets and Chapter VI, a discussion of special astronomical vocabulary (words of brightness, color terms and four special words: uis, laetus, tristis, crinis). Chapter VII investigates Greek words and Latin archaisms in the Latin translations and establishes evidence for Cicero's creation of a uniquely Latin poem through the use of Latin archaisms. The final chapter discusses further the emergence of a distinctly Roman Phaenomena, for Germanicus in the use of references to aspects of Roman life and for Avienus in the area of borrowings from the previous Latin translations of Aratus' poem. It concludes with a study of the ways in which each of the verse translators alter the emphasis of the original by reshaping its theme, thereby emphasizing the extent to which the translators went beyond their Greek model to create individual and original Latin works.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>This thesis investigates the perception of 'difference' which results in the stratification of people within the North American evangelical church. In order to develop this understanding, the experiences of excluded persons are explored carefully by attending to narratives of the elderly, those living with disability, the divorced, widows, the homeless, and others who have endured the pain of rejection. Such persons are made to feel as if they have no voice. By articulating the felt experience of the excluded this thesis gives voice to the hidden dimensions of alienation which occur even in the church. Alienation is explored as a core theological motif with the aim of developing a pastoral theology of community which enables a reorientation of ministry to the excluded. In the course of argument the thesis explores a theology of alienation. This provides the theological context for the narratives of exclusion which illuminate the reality of loneliness-a core dimension of exclusion. Employing the revised critical correlation method the thesis concludes by offering a pastoral theology of community which calls for effective approaches to the ministry of inclusion.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>Kant's ethical theory is often characterized as one in which freedom is identified with obedience to the moral law. In Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, however, free will appears to be characterized as the ability to choose either to obey or disobey the moral law. Hence, an evil act could be freely chosen, whereas according to the usual ethical conception, evil appears to have to be interpreted as a manifestation of lack of freedom. The problem treated in this thesis is whether or not Kant's account of radical evil in Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone is compatible with the conception of free will given in the ethics. If the two conceptions are aspects of one developed theory of free will, does the theory hold together; if they are actually two theories of will, what are the implications for Kant's ethics?</p> <p>Chapter I presents the problem and summarizes the two Prefaces to Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, as well as its first essay, "On the Radical Evil in Human Nature." Two conunentators, L.W. Beck and J.R. Silber, view Kant as developing one theory of free will. To show that this is so, they focus on Kant's distinction of will into two parts, Wille and Willkür, as a key to resolving possible contradictions. Their arguments are discussed in Chapter II. Chapter III analyzes the primary sources which Beck and Silber bring to corroborate their versions of the theory, and briefly sets forth the arguments of Emil Fackenheirn, who regards the essay in Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone as repudiating the ethics. It concludes on the inconclusive note that the problem may be unresolvable.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>As evangelicals living in Canada, we are tasked with finding a way to faithfully live out the calling of the church in our North American context. Yet as we try to do this, we are regularly faced with the cultural reality of individualism and are often influenced by it in ways that we do not fully understand. This thesis will suggest that the integration of individualism in the Western evangelical church is having a detrimental effect on our ability to create or maintain Biblical community. This thesis will examine the issue of individualism as it relates to Christian community through interviews with 15 evangelical laypersons and pastors. This thesis will also employ secondary sources in the analysis of these interviews, engaging them in dialogue with some classic and contemporary theologians of the church.</p> / Master of Divinity (M.Div)

<p>This thesis chronicles the leadership transition at two institutions affiliated with the iv Church of Christ, a branch of the Stone-Campbell Movement, in Rhodesia. The two institutions- Nhowe Mission and Umtali School of Preaching-were founded by missionaries from the USA who were also managers and technocrats, with the indigenous black Zimbabweans on the periphery of strategic decision-making powers. The status quo abruptly changed between 1976 and 1977 when the volatile political landscape became hostile for the missionaries who nearly closed or sold these mission centres. The unprepared Africans pleaded for an opportunity to lead these schools. The leadership transition was successful because the indigenous men and women had a deep sense of ownership. Moreover, the political landscape, after Zimbabwe's independence, made it conducive for the indigene to lead such institutions. Furthermore, during the war of liberation, they morally and physically supported the guerrillas thereby saving the mission's fixed assets from vandalism and destruction during the war while paving its future in a free Zimbabwe.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>Although the fiction written by women in English-Canada since the 1960's has experimented widely with literary form, a remarkably consistent set of - literary archetypes of masculinity emerges from their work. I have named the three particularly vivid and pervasive images of men on which I focus, the Hunter, the Adult Adolescent, and the Wounded Warlock. My project is essentially a sketching out of these beings, a contouring of their recurring literary reality.</p> <p>Toril Moi rightly criticizes the project of evaluating literary images of women in terms of their true or false relation to 'real life' as one that "resolutely refuses to consider textual production as a highly complex, 'overdetermined' process with many different and conflicting literary and nonliterary determinants" (Moi 45). In looking at the images of men that dominate Canadian women's writing, I do not wish to claim that these images are 'true' or 'false', but simply that they exist in the literature.</p> <p>My critical approach here is essentially one of description. My descriptions are original in that they are not applications of previously-defined archetypes of personality as in, for example, the work of Carl Jung. No description is, however, free of context, and in describing the images of men that emerge from this fiction, I draw repeatedly upon several feminist and philosophical texts for inspiration and clarification. Susan Griffin's exploration of the 'pornographic mind', Martin Buber's religious ontology of the "I-Thou", JeanPaul Sartre's articulation of the meaning of the Look, and Christopher Lasch's discussion of narcissism, have been particularly useful.</p> <p>Although my dissertation does not attempt to engage directly the large question of the relation of the artistic image to life, I do suggest indirectly, by drawing upon thinkers whose subject is not primarily literature, but indeed 'the real world', that the images of men I define have some connection with that real world. My conclusion briefly raises, therefore, some ethical as well as aesthetic questions about the implications of their existence.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Literary approaches to Ezra-Nehemiah studies are becoming more common. However, there is still a lack in the literary study of Ezra-Nehemiah of a structural analysis of Nehemiah's covenant renewal account that respects its particular fit within Nehemiah's story. The aim of this thesis is to explain how the covenant renewal account (commonly held to be Neh 8-10) is integral to the book ofNehemiah (Neh 1-13). Since narrative structural analysis is the study of the semantic structures that preside over a text's creation, this methodology is well suited to discerning whether or not the content found in the covenant renewal account fits within the broader story (and text) of Nehemiah. Accordingly, my structural analysis of the covenant renewal account reveals a deep, underlying structure that shows this account to be an integral piece of the book of Nehemiah.</p> / Master of Divinity (M.Div)