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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Principaux facteurs influençant l'efficacité de la lumière pulsée pour la décontamination des microorganismes pathogènes et d’altération des denrées alimentaires / Factors determining the efficiency of Pulsed Light to destroy pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms

Levy, Caroline 17 December 2010 (has links)
La décontamination microbienne est sujet majeur de préoccupation du secteur agroalimentaire. Des nouvelles technologies physiques de décontamination, dites athermiques, sont d’un emploi croissant. La Lumière Pulsée, utilisée pour décontaminer les surfaces et les liquides clairs, en fait partie. Elle utilise des flashes de lumière blanche riches en UV, et délivrés en moins d'une milliseconde. La plupart des traitements par lumière pulsée sont définis dans la littérature par des paramètres spécifiques à l'équipement utilisé. Le but de cette étude a été dans un premier temps de caractériser le traitement par lumière pulsée par les grandeurs physiques appropriées (fluence, tension aux bornes de la lampe, etc…), en reliant une dose de lumière à niveau de décontamination microbienne. L'équipement pilote de la société CLARANOR a révélé des réduction logarithmiques allant jusqu'à plus de 5 unités sur des spores de B. subtilis, et de plusieurs autres espèces de bactéries sporulées, avec des fluences inférieures à 1,5 J/cm², appliquée en un seul flash La mise au point d'une méthode d'inoculation par spray à permis d'évaluer l'efficacité décontaminante de la lumière sur différentes surfaces, y compris des hydrophobes, par pulvérisation des microorganismes en couches formées d’une seule épaisseur de cellules. L'application de la technologie sur des surfaces inertes comme le polystyrène a montré une décontamination notamment sur des spores de B. subtilis, et d'A. niger, supérieures à 4 cycles logarithmiques en utilisant des fluences inférieures à 1 J/cm². L'influence des facteurs liés au système d'éclairage a montré une importance capitale des longueurs d'onde UV, mais ne permettent pas de réduire l'efficacité à la seule action de la dose UV-C. L'efficacité de la technologie a permis de réaliser une étude concernant la décontamination de sirop de sucre dans une optique d'application industrielle. Une réduction supérieure à 3 cycles logarithmiques de spores d'A. acidoterrestris dans du sirop de saccharose a été obtenue en flux continu, sur une épaisseur de 10 mm de liquide / Microbial decontamination is a major concern in the food industry. Non-thermal physical technologies are increasingly used. Pulsed Light used to decontaminate surfaces and clear liquids is one of these new technologies. Pulsed Light uses intense flashes of white light rich in UV, delivered in less than one millisecond. Most of treatments are characterised in the literature using parameters which are specific to the equipment. The aim of this study was firstly to characterise the PL treatment in expressing a log reduction as a function of the dose received by the microorganism. The pulsed light pilot of the CLARANOR company allowed a high decontamination of B. subtilis spores and other sporulating bacterial species, with more than 5 log reductions at fluences lower than 1.5 J/cm², obtained in only one flash. The development of a spray inoculation method was made to evaluate the decontamination efficiency on different surfaces, including hydrophobic surfaces, with a monolayer inoculation. The Pulsed light efficiency on inert surfaces such as polystyrene lead to high decontaminations including B. subtilis and A. niger spores, with more than 4 log reductions using fluences lower than 1 J/cm² in both cases. The influence of the physical factors of the light showed that UV wavelengths are essential for the decontamination, but the efficiency is not totally explained by the action of the UV-C dose. The efficiency of pulsed light allowed to study sugar syrup decontamination, in view of industrial application. Three log reductions of A. acidoterrestris spores were obtained in 10 mm thickness sugar syrup, using a flow-through system
82

Mise au point d'un bioréacteur de fermentation en milieu solide fonctionnant en continu pour la production de métabolites secondaires antioxydants par Aspergillus niger G131 / Development of a continuous pilote-scaled bioreactor for the production of antioxidant secondary metabolites by Aspergillus niger G131 using solid state fermentation

Carboué, Quentin 04 June 2018 (has links)
Aspergillus niger souche G131 est un champignon qui produit en quantité des métabolites secondaires appartenant à la famille des naphtho-gamma-pyrones (NγPs). Ces NγPs sont des pigments qui présentent des intérêts industriels de par leurs importants potentiels antiradicalaires. L’objectif de ce doctorat est la production à l’échelle pilote et en continu de NγPs à travers la culture du champignon sur milieu solide. Le choix de la fermentation en milieu solide (FMS) comme processus de culture repose sur des aspects d’ordre qualitatif et quantitatif de production, ainsi que sur des raisons économiques et éthiques, relatives à la protection de l’environnement avec notamment la possibilité de valoriser des coproduits agricoles comme milieu de culture pour le champignon. Dans un premier temps, ce travail s’intéresse à la caractérisation de la composition et des potentialités associées aux molécules produites par la souche. Ces potentialités incluent les activités anti-radicalaires et les mesures de cytotoxicité. La thèse porte également sur la caractérisation de la physiologie de croissance de la souche en FMS et sur l’optimisation des conditions de culture par la méthodologie des plans d’expériences pour l’augmentation de la production de NγPs. Une stratégie originale d’optimisation adaptée aux contraintes posées par la FMS est d’ailleurs proposée. Finalement, un transfert d’échelle de production est réalisé au moyen d’un bioréacteur prototype innovant permettant la production à l’échelle pilote de milieu fermenté en continu. Dans son dernier chapitre, ce travail s’intéresse donc à la mise au point des paramètres opératifs qui entourent la production continue de NγPs par FMS. / Aspergillus niger strain G131 is a non-ochratoxigenic filamentous fungus producing high quantities of secondary metabolites known as naphtha-gamma-pyrones (NγPs). NγPs are pigments of industrial interest in reason of their high antioxidant properties. The aim of this dissertation is the continuous, pilote-scaled production of these NγPs through the cultivation of the fungus on solid medium. The choice of solid state fermentation (SSF) as cultivation method is not only driven by quantitative and qualitative considerations, but also by economical and ethical concerns related to environmental protection. SSF allows, in fact, a direct valorization of agricultural byproducts as the solid medium for the fungal growth. First, this work deals with the characterization of the composition and potentialities associated with the molecules produced by the strain, which include antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Second, the dissertation focuses on the characterization of the fungal growth’s physiology on solid medium and on the optimization of the culture conditions using experimental methodology in order to increase NγPs production. For this purpose, an original optimization strategy is proposed to overcome specific constraints connected to SSF. Finally, a scale transfer of the production is advanced by means of an innovative prototype bioreactor continuously producing fermented material. The final chapter of this work addresses the development of parameters regarding the continuous NγPs production using SSF.
83

PRODUÇÃO, PURIFICAÇÃO PARCIAL E CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOQUÍMICA DE GLUCOAMILASE DE Aspergillus niger OBTIDA POR FERMENTAÇÃO EM ESTADO SÓLIDO

Slivinski, Christiane Trevisan 29 August 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-29 / Glucoamylase is one of main enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of starch to form the glucose syrup, raw material used by the food industry for the production of cool drinks, ice creams, sauces, breads and as carbon source in fermentations. The enzyme is normally produced by filamentous fungi. In the present work glucoamylase was produced by Aspergillus niger through solid-state fermentation, using the industrial waste of potato processing, during a period of 48 h at 32 ºC. The biochemical characterization of the rude enzymatic preparation showed as the optimum performance pH band near 5,0 and as the optimum temperature 60 ºC, with an average activity of 11,87 U/mL. After 26 hours of incubation of this preparation, the glucoamylase kept 58,75 % (9,70 U/mL) and 60,33 % (9,96 U/mL) of its activity at 35 and 60 ºC respectively; after 28 hours of incubation in pH 4,6, it kept 72,87 % (8,88 U/mL) of residual activity. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of soluble starch were Km = 1,68 mg/mL and Vmáx = 41,15 U/mL. The enzyme was partially purified through i) precipitation with ammonium sulphate between 60-85 % of saturation ii) anion-exchange chromatography in Q-Sepharose and iii) gel filtration chromatography in Sephadex G-100, with a purification factor of 109,23 fold and a yield of 11,71 %. The eletrophoretic analyses demonstrated that the studied glucoamylase presents molar mass around 130,88 kDa. After submitted to the purification steps, the enzyme kept the same optimum conditions of pH and temperature of the raw preparation, with 152,85 U/mL of average activity. With regard to stability, after 4 hours of incubation in pH 5,0, the glucoamylase presented 83 % (124,99 U/mL) of residual enzymatic activity, whereas after 8 hours only 22,72 % (34,22 U/mL) remained. Concerning temperatures, greater stability was observed at 35 and 15 ºC, in which after 24 hours of incubation 87 % (131,14 U/mL) and 85 % (127,77 U/mL) of the catalytic capacity remained, respectively. The values of Km and Vmáx for the partially purified glucoamylase were 0,049 mg/mL and 163,93 U/mL. / A glucoamilase, enzima normalmente produzida por fungos filamentosos, é uma das principais responsáveis pela hidrólise do amido para a formação de xarope de glucose,matéria-prima utilizada pela indústria de alimentos na produção de refrigerantes, sorvetes, molhos, pães e como fonte de carbono em fermentações. No presente trabalho, a lucoamilase foi produzida por Aspergillus niger através de fermentação em estado sólido, utilizando como substrato resíduo de uma indústria de processamento de batata, por um período de 48 horas a 32 ºC. A caracterização bioquímica da preparação enzimática bruta mostrou como faixa de pH ótimo para atuação, valores próximos a 5,0 e temperatura ótima 60 ºC, com atividade média de 11,87 U/mL. Ensaios de estabilidade térmica indicaram que após 26 horas de incubação a glucoamilase manteve 58,75 % (9,70 U/mL) e 60,33 % (9,96 U/mL) de sua atividade a 35 ºC e 60 ºC respectivamente. Ensaios de pH mostraram como o de maior estabilidade 4,6, no qual após 28 horas obteve-se 72,87 % (8,88 U/mL) de atividade residual. Os parâmetros cinéticos para a hidrólise do amido solúvel foram Km = 1,68 mg/mL e Vmáx = 41,15 U/mL. A enzima foi parcialmente purificada através de i) precipitação com sulfato de amônio entre 60-85 % de saturação, ii) cromatografia de troca aniônica em Q-Sepharose e iii) cromatografia de filtração em gel em Sephadex G-100 com um fator de purificação de 109,23 vezes e rendimento de 11,71 %. As análises eletroforéticas estimaram a massa molecular da glucoamilase estudada em torno de 130,88 kDa. Após ser submetida às etapas de purificação, a enzima manteve as condições ótimas de pH entre 4,5 e 5,0 e de temperatura 60 ºC, com atividade média de 152,85 U/mL. Com relação à estabilidade, após 4 horas de incubação em pH 5,0, a glucoamilase apresentou 83 % (124,99 U/mL) de atividade enzimática residual e após 8 horas no mesmo pH apenas 22,72 % (34,22 U/mL). Foram testadas e encontradas como temperaturas de estabilidade 15 e 35 ºC, remanescendo após 24 horas de incubação 85 % (127,77 U/mL) e 87 % (131,14 U/mL) da capacidade catalítica, respectivamente. Os valores de Km e Vmáx para a glucoamilase parcialmente purificada foram 0,049 mg/mL e 163,93 U/mL.
84

Seleção e caracterização de mutantes de Aspergillus niger eficientes em solubilizar fosfato na presença de fluoreto / Screening and characterization of Aspergillus niger mutants efficient at phosphate solubilization in the presence of fluoride

Silva, Ubiana de Cássia 30 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 568781 bytes, checksum: e6beb96802418d9a09f3cb5c6661297e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use P solubilizing microorganisms are an alternative for a sustainable use of P against a backdrop of depletion of high-grade ores. Nevertheless, the chemical characteristics of rock phosphates (RP), particularly the level of toxic elements, can affect the efficiency of microbial solubilization. Fluoride (F-) released from fluorapatites has been shown to significantly inhibit P solubilization by Aspergillus niger, stimulating the search for alternatives to overcome F- toxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to select A. niger mutants efficient at P solubilization in the presence of F-. Three selected mutants were also characterized as to their P solubilization mechanisms and the solubilization potential of different P sources. Twenty-nine mutants were obtained that presented changes in their phosphate solubilization activity in comparison to the wild type (WT). The mutant FS1-331 showed higher solubilization of Araxá RP, while FS1-555 promoted higher soluble P when grown in media with calcium phosphate supplemented with F- and in those with pure P sources. These mutants also showed higher tolerance to F- than the WT and displayed changes in the production of organic acids. The higher production of oxalic acid by FS1-331 and FS1-555 correlated with their improved capacity of Araxá RP solubilization. A mutant with decreased P solubilization capacity showed lower production of organic acids, corroborating the importance of these compounds for RP solubilization. FS1-331 was more efficient at solubilizing Araxá, Catalão, and Patos de Minas RPs than the WT and FS1-555. The variation in P solubilization capacity of the mutants obtained in this work may help clarify the RP solubilization mechanisms by A. niger. Moreover, the mutants with better performance selected in this work show potential for use in microbial RP solubilization systems with P sources rich in fluoride. / O uso dos micro-organismos solubilizadores de fosfato (P) é uma alternativa para o uso sustentável do P tendo em vista a diminuição das reservas fosfáticas de alta qualidade. As características químicas dos fosfatos de rocha (FR), em especial o nível de elementos tóxicos, podem influenciar a eficiência de solubilização microbiana. O fluoreto (F-) liberado de fluorapatitas inibi significativamente o processo de solubilização por Aspergillus niger FS1. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar mutantes de A. niger eficientes na solubilização de fosfato na presença de F-. Três mutantes selecionados foram também caracterizados quanto aos mecanismos de solubilização de fosfato e ao potencial de solubilização de diferentes fontes de P. Vinte e nove mutantes com alterações na solubilização de fosfato foram obtidos. O mutante FS1-331 demonstrou maior potencial de solubilização de fosfato de Araxá, enquanto que o mutante FS1-555 aumentou o P solubilizado em meio de cultura com fosfato de cálcio suplementado com F- e naqueles com fontes sintéticas de P. Os mutantes avaliados mostraram maior tolerância ao F- do que o tipo selavagem e tiveram a produção de ácidos orgânicos alterada. A maior produção de ácido oxálico pelos mutantes FS1-331 e FS1-555 relacionou-se com o melhor desempenho dessas estiprpes na solubilização de fosfato de Araxá. Um mutante com solubilização de P diminuída (FS1-375) apresentou menor produção de ácidos orgânicos quando comparado ao tipo selvagem, corroborando a importância desses compostos para o processo de solubilização de FRs. O mutante FS1-331 foi o mais eficiente na solubilização dos FRs de Araxá, Catalão e Patos de Minas. A variação na solubilização de P das estirpes fúngicas estudadas pode contribuir para a melhor compreensão do processo de solubilização de fosfatos por A. niger. Além disso, os mutantes mais eficientes obtidos apresentam alto potencial de aplicação em sistemas microbianos de solubilização de fosfatos com fontes de P ricas em fluoreto.
85

Estudo da variação do meio na produção de metabólitos secundários pelo fungo endofítico Aspergillus niger / STUDY OF THE VARIATION OF THE MEANS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS NIGER.

Araujo, Nailson Correia de 17 December 2010 (has links)
The endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from specie plant Hancornia speciosa, commonly known as mangabeira, was cultivated in different culture media and used for identification of six substances in their extracts, such as oxalic, citric, tartaric, p-acetylbenzoic, hexylitaconic acids and phyrofen. For quantification of pyrophen in different extracts, it was developed a method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography that was efficient for both extract analysis and fermented broth. The method allowed to evaluate the effect of different media ways and culture time on the pyrophen. The analyzed media for pyrophen production were mangaba juice, Czapeck and potato dextrose broth (PDB) and the highest yield was obtained using mangaba juice. The effect of culture time was evaluated by cultivating the fungus in the PDB medium, being the ideal period of fermentation for pyrophen production was 12 days. / O fungo endofítico Aspergilus niger isolado da espécie vegetal Hancornia speciosa, conhecida popularmente como mangabeira, foi cultivado nos meios suco de mangaba, Czapeck e Caldo de Batata Dextrose (CDB) e levou ao isolamento e identificação de seis substâncias em seus extratos, sendo elas os ácidos oxálico, cítrico, tartárico, p-acetil-benzóico e hexilitacônico e a substância pirofeno. Visando encontrar a melhor condição de cultivo para produção de pirofeno foi desenvolvido um método analítico por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência para análise desta substância. O método desenvolvido foi eficiente tanto para análise dos extratos quanto para análise do caldo fermentado e permitiu avaliar o efeito dos diferentes meios e do tempo de cultivo na produção desta substância. A maior produção de pirofeno foi obtida utilizando suco de mangaba como meio de cultivo e o período ideal de fermentação para a produção de pirofeno foi de 12 dias, quando cultivado no meio líquido CDB.
86

Estudo da variação do meio na produção de metabólitos secundários pelo fungo endofítico Aspergillus niger / STUDY OF THE VARIATION OF THE MEANS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS NIGER.

Araujo, Nailson Correia de 17 December 2010 (has links)
The endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from specie plant Hancornia speciosa, commonly known as mangabeira, was cultivated in different culture media and used for identification of six substances in their extracts, such as oxalic, citric, tartaric, p-acetylbenzoic, hexylitaconic acids and phyrofen. For quantification of pyrophen in different extracts, it was developed a method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography that was efficient for both extract analysis and fermented broth. The method allowed to evaluate the effect of different media ways and culture time on the pyrophen. The analyzed media for pyrophen production were mangaba juice, Czapeck and potato dextrose broth (PDB) and the highest yield was obtained using mangaba juice. The effect of culture time was evaluated by cultivating the fungus in the PDB medium, being the ideal period of fermentation for pyrophen production was 12 days. / O fungo endofítico Aspergilus niger isolado da espécie vegetal Hancornia speciosa, conhecida popularmente como mangabeira, foi cultivado nos meios suco de mangaba, Czapeck e Caldo de Batata Dextrose (CDB) e levou ao isolamento e identificação de seis substâncias em seus extratos, sendo elas os ácidos oxálico, cítrico, tartárico, p-acetil-benzóico e hexilitacônico e a substância pirofeno. Visando encontrar a melhor condição de cultivo para produção de pirofeno foi desenvolvido um método analítico por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência para análise desta substância. O método desenvolvido foi eficiente tanto para análise dos extratos quanto para análise do caldo fermentado e permitiu avaliar o efeito dos diferentes meios e do tempo de cultivo na produção desta substância. A maior produção de pirofeno foi obtida utilizando suco de mangaba como meio de cultivo e o período ideal de fermentação para a produção de pirofeno foi de 12 dias, quando cultivado no meio líquido CDB.
87

Aspergillus niger an 400 como inÃculo de reatores em batelada para remoÃÃo do corante vermelho do congo em meio aquoso sintÃtico / Aspergillus niger AN 400 AS INOCULUM OF BATCH REACTORS FOR REMOVAL OF THE CONGO RED DYE IN SYNTHETIC AQUEOUS MEDIUM

Carlos Ronald Pessoa Wanderley 16 October 2007 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A espÃcie Aspergillus niger AN 400 foi inoculada em reatores em batelada com o objetivo de remover corante vermelho do congo de meio sintÃtico e estudar a eficiÃncia do tratamento na presenÃa e ausÃncia de glicose e o efeito da imobilizaÃÃo da biomassa sobre a otimizaÃÃo do processo. Foram utilizados 84 reatores, confeccionados em vidro e vedados com tampa rosqueÃvel, e com volume Ãtil de 1,5 L, sendo o ar fornecido por mini-compressores de ar. O experimento abrangeu perÃodo de 25 dias e os reatores foram agrupados de acordo com sua respectiva funÃÃo em: 14 reatores de controle sem meio suporte; 14 reatores de controle com meio suporte; 14 reatores com biomassa fÃngica dispersa; 14 reatores com biomassa fÃngica dispersa e adiÃÃo de 1 g/L de glicose; 14 reatores com biomassa imobilizada e 14 reatores com biomassa imobilizada e adiÃÃo de 1 g/L de glicose. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maior eficiÃncia de remoÃÃo do corante ocorreu nos reatores contendo biomassa imobilizada, com meio com glicose (87%) e meio sem glicose (85%). A glicose, na concentraÃÃo utilizada, nÃo influenciou na eficiÃncia do processo. A remoÃÃo de matÃria orgÃnica, em termos de DQO, nÃo acompanhou a remoÃÃo do corante, o que foi atribuÃdo à provÃvel presenÃa de subprodutos da degradaÃÃo do corante e compostos excretados no meio pelos microrganismos. A imobilizaÃÃo da biomassa nas espumas de poliuretano foi determinante para a eficiÃncia do processo, uma vez que os fungos estavam estabelecidos na forma de biofilme, representando um mecanismo contra o efeito tÃxico do poluente. / The species Aspergillus niger AN 400 has been inoculated in batch in order to remove Congo Red dye from the synthetic environment and study the treatment efficiency in the presence and absence of glucose and the biomass immobilization effect on the process optimization. It has been applied 84 reactors, produced and held in a screw top container of glass, which had a useful capacity of 1,5 L, whilst the air was supplied by small compressors. The experiment lasted a period of 25 days and the reactors without support medium; 14 control reactors with dispersed fungal biomass on which was added glucose (1 g/L); 14 reactors with immobilized fungal biomass and 14 reactors with immobilized fungal biomass on which was added glucose (1 g/L). The results obtained demonstrated that the greatest efficiency in removing the dye occurred in the reactors containing immobilized biomass in a environment with glucose concentration (87%) or not (85%). The glucose considering the utilized concentration has not performed any influence on the process efficiency. The organic matter removal which was assigned to the likely presence of by products originated by the dye and compounds expelled in the environment by microorganisms. The immobilization of the biomass in the polyurethane foams was determinant to the process efficiency as fungus was in a biofilm shape, representing a mechanism against the toxic effect of the pollutant.
88

Evaluation of two eco-friendly botanical extracts on fruit rot pathogens of orange (Citrus sinesis (L.) Osbeck)

Le, Thanh Toan, Vo, Trong Ky, Nguyen, Huy Hoang 27 February 2019 (has links)
Fruit rot caused by Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum sp. could cause rapid and severe damage on orange fruits. Current control method of orange fruits is mainly applied by usage of harmful pesticides, leading to chemical residues on fruits, environmental pollution and human poisoning. One of alternative methods of reducing pesticides is to use botanical extracts. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo antifungal efficacy of aqueous extracts from the leaves of neem and basket plants against A. niger and Colletotrichum sp. Orange fruits artificially inoculated by fruit rot pathogens were immersed into leaf extracts of 6% (w/v) neem or basket plants for 30 s, and kept for 11 days to record lesion length at room temperature. Orange fruits immersed into sterile distilled water were used as the control treatment. The results showed that at 11 days after inoculation, extracts of neem and basket plants significantly reduced the Aspergillus rot lesions by 109.08 and 124.00 mm, respectively. In addition, anthracnose lesions on orange fruits were statistically inhibited by treatments of neem and basket plants, with the average lesion diameters approximately 160.00 and 154.75 mm, respectively, at day 11 of the conducting experiment. The results of this study showed that leaf extracts of neem and basket plant at the concentration of 6% could be used as a natural alternative to control the in vivo growth of rot pathogens of orange fruits. These extracts have a bright future in modern plant protection to replace conventional synthetic pesticides in agro-ecosystem. / Thối trái bởi Aspergillus niger và Colletotrichum sp. gây ra các thiệt hại nghiêm trọng trên cam. Biện pháp phòng trừ bệnh trên trái cam hiện nay chủ yếu dựa vào thuốc hóa học, dẫn đến tồn dư thuốc trên trái cây, ô nhiễm môi trường và gây độc cho con người. Một trong các phương pháp thay thế giúp giảm sử dụng thuốc hóa học là sử dụng dịch trích thực vật. Nghiên cứu này đã được thưc hiện để đánh giá hiệu quả in vivo của dịch trích ở nồng độ 6% của neem hoặc lược vàng đối với A. niger và Colletotrichum sp. Các trái cam đã lây nhiễm nhân tạo tác nhân gây thối trái thì được nhúng vào dịch trích ở nồng độ 6% của neem hoặc lược vàng trong 30 giây, và giữ đến 11 ngày để ghi nhận chiều dài vết bệnh ở nhiệt độ phòng. Cái trái cam được nhúng vào nước cất thì dùng như nghiệm thức đối chứng. Kết quả cho thấy ở 11 ngày sau khi chủng bệnh, dịch trích neem và lược vàng làm giảm đáng kể vết thối Aspergillus lần lượt là 109,08 và 124,00 mm. Bên cạnh đó, vết bệnh thán thư trên trái cam đã bị ức chế có ý nghĩa thống kê bởi các dịch trích neem và lược vàng, với đường kính trung bình các vết bệnh lần lượt là 160,00 và 154,75 mm, ở ngày 11 của thí nghiệm. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này đã chỉ ra rằng dịch trích neem và lược vàng ở nồng độ 6% có thể sử dụng như một biện pháp thay thế tự nhiên trong việc phòng trừ sự phát triển của tác nhân gây thối trái cam. Các loại dịch trích này có tương lai trong bảo vệ thực vật hiện đại, thay thế các loại thuốc hóa học tổng hợp truyền thống trong hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp.
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Efficacy of CaCl2 against some important postharvest fungi on orange, chilli and Cavendish banana fruits

Le, Thanh Toan, Vo, Trong Ky, Nguyen, Thi My Linh, Trieu, Phuong Linh, Ngo, Van Toan, Nguyen, Huy Hoang 27 February 2019 (has links)
Fruit rot caused by Aspergillus niger or Colletotrichum musae is an important post-harvest disease on orange, chilli and Cavendish banana fruits. The use of synthetic fungicides has been a traditional strategy for the management of the fruit rot disease, but these chemicals adversely affect human health and environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CaCl2 on in vitro hyphal growth and in vivo lesion inhibition. First, aqueous solutions of CaCl2 at three concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 mM were assessed for their inhibitory effect against hyphal growth in vitro. Next, mature fruits were immersed into a solution of 20 mM CaCl2 for 20 - 30 s, then inoculated by a pathogen suspension at the density of 106 conidia mL-1 and observed for 12 days. The results showed that 20 mM CaCl2 was the most effective concentration in antifungal assay to Aspergillus isolated from orange rot. The treatment of CaCl2 continued to gain efficacy on limiting lesions’ development on orange fruits until 12 days after inoculation (DAI). On chilli, CaCl2 at concentrations of 20 and 40 mM inhibited well on the growth of Aspergillus hyphae isolated from chilli rot. However, calcium treatment was not effective on chilli fruits. On Cavendish banana, solutions of CaCl2 at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 mM highly limited fungal growth of Colletotrichum in vitro conditions. The application of CaCl2 solution could inhibit anthracnose lesion length of Cavendish banana variety, but its efficacy did not prolong until 6 DAI. In general, the good results were obtained from the 20 mM CaCl2 in almost all the studied assays. Management of rot diseases on fruits by employing 20 mM CaCl2 could be suitable to replace the current hazardous agro-chemicals. / Thối trái do nấm Aspergillus niger hay nấm Colletotrichum musae là bệnh sau thu hoạch thường gặp trên cam, ớt và chuối già. Thuốc trừ nấm tổng hợp là biện pháp truyền thống quản lý bệnh thối trái nhưng lại ảnh hưởng bất lợi đến sức khỏe con người và môi trường. Vì vậy, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đáng giá ảnh hưởng của CaCl2 đối với sự sinh trưởng in vitro của nấm và sự ức chế vết bệnh ở điều kiện in vivo. Đầu tiên, dung dịch CaCl2 ở các nồng độ 20, 40 và 60 mM được sử dụng để đánh giá khả năng ức chế sự sinh trưởng in vitro của nấm bệnh. Tiếp theo, trái trưởng thành được nhúng vào dung dịch CaCl2 20 mM trong 20 - 30 s, rồi lây nhiễm với huyền phù mầm bệnh ở mật số 106 bào tử mL-1 và quan sát đến 12 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy CaCl2 20 mM có hiệu quả ức chế tốt đối với nấm Aspergillus phân lập từ bệnh thối trái cam. CaCl2 tiếp tục thể hiện hiệu quả ức chế bệnh trên trái cam đến 12 ngày sau lây bệnh. Trên ớt, CaCl2 20 và 40 mM cho hiệu quả ức chế sự phát triển nấm Aspergillus phân lập từ bệnh thối trái ớt. Tuy nhiên, xử lý CaCl2 không mang lại hiệu quả mong đợi trên trái ớt. Trên chuối già, dung dịch CaCl2 ở các nồng độ 20, 40 và 60 mM ức chế tốt sợi nấm Colletotrichum trong điều kiện in vitro. Dung dịch canxi có thể ức chế vết bệnh thán thư trên chuối già, nhưng hiệu quả không kéo dài đến 6 ngày sau lây bệnh. Nhìn chung, các kết quả tốt đều đạt được khi xử lý bằng CaCl2 20 mM ở hầu hết các thí nghiệm. Việc kiểm soát bệnh thối trái bằng CaCl2 20 mM có thể thay thế cho hóa chất nông nghiệp độc hại hiện nay.
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Recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen production in Aspergillus niger

James, Emmanuel Robin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See item for full text / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien item vir volteks

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