This dissertation originated from an interest in museum architecture and the desire to improve museum experiences for the inhabitants of Pretoria. The city is in need of a museum that does not distinguish between different cultures and backgrounds, and that provides an experience that a regular city user can relate to. This dissertation aims to address this need with the creation of a museum that relies on a chance museum encounter in an everyday place. This museum encounter will enrich people’s daily city experiences and provide opportunity for self-reflection and contemplation. The dissertation proposes a new satellite museum for the existing Ditsong: National Museum of Cultural History as a method of exposing the public to this museum. This satellite museum will function as a branch of the larger museum. The aim of this satellite museum is to provide regular users of the city with an unexpected museum experience. This dissertation considers what a contemporary museum in the inner city of Pretoria should be in terms of function and architectural implementation. The document investigates contemporary trends in museum architecture and evaluates existing museums in Pretoria. It also includes an investigation into culture in South Africa and into the relation of the satellite museum to its context. The study concludes that a contemporary museum experience is one that facilitates continuous change, and provides a spatial experience that blurs the threshold between the new museum and existing public space. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

Tumor thrombus in left atrium (LA) is very rare but a serious complication in patients with malignancy. It has a significant impact on clinical decision making, staging and prognosis in oncological patients. Tumor thrombus is seen in a wide variety of malignancies. While rare, lung cancer tumor thrombus may occur. Rarely, it can even extend into LA. Usually, it is managed by surgical resection with chemotherapy. We describe a rare case of tumor thrombus in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of lung that was managed with chemo- and radiation therapy.

Cette étude doctorale s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une cotutelle de thèse entre les universités de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense et de « l’Orientale » de Naples. Elle vise à étudier les typologies architecturales et décoratives utilisées dans les maisons des classes moyennes de Pompéi entre la fin du IVe et le début du Ier s. av. J.-C. Cette thématique est encore incomplètement traitée par la littérature spécialisée, qui s’est souvent concentrée sur des contextes plus raffinés et des périodes ultérieures. La recherche a été appuyée sur l’analyse conjointe des données de fouilles, si ces dernières sont disponibles, et des structures d’époque samnite encore in situ. Par ailleurs, la participation à un projet de recherche sur la Regio VI, nous a offert l’occasion de travailler sur du matériel inédit et de démarrer notre enquête à partir d’un cas d’étude spécifique, la Casa del Granduca Michele (VI,5,5) et ensuite de vérifier la diffusion des données acquises à l’échelle de la ville. Le travail a été donc divisé en trois parties. La première a été consacrée au cas d’étude, avec une analyse approfondie de la structure et de la décoration de la maison notamment au IIe s. av. J.-C. La deuxième a concerné l’étude des types architecturaux diffusés dans la cité vésuvienne l’époque samnite, avec un regard particulier sur le type de la maison à atrium testudinatum qui n’avait pas fait l’objet d’une étude systématique. La troisième partie a enfin concerné des décors des maisons de taille moyenne. L’analyse a concerné, avec une approche diachronique, d’abord les décorations peintes des parois et des plafonds, ensuite les éléments accessoires et pour finir les revêtements de sols. / This Ph.D is prepared in co-tutorship between the Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense and the Università degli studi di Napoli « l’Orientale ». Its aim is to analyze the architectural and decorative typologies used in the construction of Pompeian middle class houses between the end of forth and the beginning of first c. B.C. As a matter of fact, if the most luxurious domus of this period are well known, many aspects of the middle-class houses are still to be studied, for they have long been left aside by the scientific research. The study has been based on the analysis of data coming both from excavations and from a survey of the samnitic structures still in situ. Moreover, the participation to a research program centered on the Regio VI has offered the occasion to work with unpublished material and to start the research from a case study, the Casa del Granduca Michele (VI,5,5). The diffusion of data collected in this house have later been verified with a research on the city level. Therefore, work has been divided in three parts. The first one has been dedicated to the case study by a deepened analysis of structure and decoration of this house in the second c. B.C. The second one to the architectural typologies used in middle class houses during the samnite period, with a particular regard to the type of the atrium testudinatum house, which previously had never been systematically studied. The third part has dealt with the decoration of these houses. The analysis, carried out with a diachronic approach, has concerned walls and ceilings’ paintings, floors and other elements like terracotta and main door stone capitals.

L’exploration archéologique des sites des villes ensevelies le 24 Août 79 sous les cendres et lapilli émanés du Vésuve en éruption a révélé la présence de colonnades dans les étages de quelques-unes (31) des maisons ainsi mises au jour, colonnades au travers desquelles certaines pièces de ces étages communiquaient avec l’extérieur, atrium, péristyle, jardin ou rue. Ces colonnades sont constituées en général de quatre colonnettes d’une hauteur moyenne de 2,10 m, distantes d’environ 160 cm l’une de l’autre (distance inter axiale), comprises entre deux antae latérales, le tout formant une baie d’environ 8m de large sur 2 mètres de hauteur. Deux groupes de maisons dotées de telles colonnades d’étage peuvent être distingués. Le groupe le plus homogène et le plus consistant (11 maisons), qui correspond aussi aux maisons les plus anciennes est constitué par les maisons avec « cenaculum à colonnade ». dans lesquelles la colonnade d’étage et la salle située en arrière d’elle sont situées le plus souvent au dessus du tablinum. Le second groupe de maisons présentant une colonnade d’étage correspond à des habitations plus vastes, plus récentes, possédant un péristyle, et dans lesquelles la colonnade d’étage s’ouvre sur ce péristyle (9 maisons). L’étude des origines de ces colonnades d’étage montre que ces deux types de colonnades d’étage pompéiennes correspondent à deux types d’apport hellénistique : - le premier type, originel, du cenaculum à colonnade, placé au-dessus du tablinum, aurait puisé son inspiration dans les traditions étrusques, au travers de l’émergence de la Domus italico-romaine ; - le second type, plus tardif, du portique sur péristyle, évoluant vers le portique superposé au portique du péristyle, aurait quant à lui puisé son inspiration dans les stoai hellénistiques avec portiques superposés, et dans les portiques superposés des « basileia » macédonienne et de Pergame. / The archaeological exploration of the sites of the cities buried on August 24th, 79 under the ashes and lapilli from erupting Vesuvius revealed the presence of colonnades in the upper floors of some (31) of the houses so brought to light, colonnades through which certain rooms of these upper floors communicated with the outside, the atrium, the peristyle, the garden or the street. These colonnades are generally constituted by four small columns of an average height of 2,10 m, distant about 160 cms one of the other one (inter axial distance), comprised between two antae, the whole realizing a window about 8m wide and 2 meters high. Two groups of houses endowed with such upper floor colonnades can be distinguished. The most homogeneous and the most substantial group ( 11 houses), which also corresponds to the oldest houses is constituted by houses with " cenaculum with colonnade ". In which the upper floor colonnade and the room situated at the back of it are situated mostly above the tablinum. The second group of houses presenting an upper floor colonnade corresponds to larger, more recent houses, with a peristyle, in which the upper floor colonnade opens on the peristyle (9 houses). The study of the origins of these upper floor colonnades shows that these two types of upper floor Pompeian colonnades correspond to two types of Hellenistic contribution: - The first type, original, of the cenaculum with colonnade, placed over the tablinum, would have drawn its inspiration from the Etruscan traditions, through the emergence of the italico-Roman Domus ; - The second type, later, of the colonnaded opening on the peristyle, evolving towards a portico built over the portico of the peristyle, would have drawn its inspiration from the Hellenistic stoai with superimposed porticoes, and from the superimposed porticoes of the Macedonian and Pergamon "basileia".

The aim of this master’s thesis is to create an architectural study of restoration and renewal of the Ivanovice na Hané chateau and a proposal of a rearrangement of the adjacent park. The chateau is currently owned by the Bioveta company and is not utilized in any meaningful way. The proposed concept arises from the requirements and initiatives of the current owner, who wishes to revitalize the area and transform it into a presentable seat of the company. The design is based on constructional-historical research and other analyses to maximize the preservation of the object’s historical values along with fulfilling the client’s needs and enriching the social life of the community.

Master's thesis Městská knihovna v Přerově is developing the new city library for town Přerov. This project is based on semester project strategy for library, which was searching for the best place for the building. Master's thesis is situating the new city library in the locality of “náměstí Přerovského povstání”.

The town hall is situated in Brno, Černá pole. There is a big atrium in the middle of the cube, it brings light to the building. There are two halls in the town hall, one for ceremonies and the other for the town council.

With current needs to better understand the interaction between atrial tissue microstructure and atrial fibrillation dynamics, micrometer scale imaging with optical coherence tomography has significant potential to provide further insight on arrhythmia mechanisms and improve treatment guidance. However, optical coherence tomography imaging of cardiac tissue in humans is largely unexplored, and the ability of optical coherence tomography to identify the structural substrate of atrial fibrillation has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to develop an optical coherence tomography imaging atlas of the human heart, study the utility of optical coherence tomography in providing useful features of human left atrial tissues, and develop a framework for optical coherence tomography-informed cardiac modeling that could be used to probe dynamics between electrophysiology and tissue structure. Human left atrial tissues were comprehensively imaged by optical coherence tomography for the first time, providing an imaging atlas that can guide identification of left atrial tissue features from optical coherence tomography imaging. Optical coherence tomography image features corresponding to myofiber and collagen fiber orientation, adipose tissue, endocardial thickness and composition, and venous media were established. Varying collagen fiber distributions in the myocardial sleeves were identified within the pulmonary veins. A scheme for mapping optical coherence tomography data of dissected left atrial tissues to a three-dimensional, anatomical model of the human left atrium was also developed, enabling the mapping of distributions of imaged adipose tissue and fiber orientation to the whole left atrial geometry. These results inform future applications of structural substrate mapping in the human left atrium using optical coherence tomography-integrated catheters, as well as potential directions of ex vivo optical coherence tomography atrial imaging studies. Additionally, we developed a workflow for creating optical mapping models of atrial tissue as informed by optical coherence tomography. Tissue geometry, fiber orientation, ablation lesion geometry, and heterogeneous tissue types were extracted from optical coherence tomography images and incorporated into tissue-specific meshes. Electrophysiological propagation was simulated and combined with photon scattering simulations to evaluate the influence of tissue-specific structure on electrical and optical mapping signals. Through tissue-specific modeling of myofiber orientation, ablation lesions, and heterogeneous tissue types, the influence of myofiber orientation on transmural activation, the relationship between fluorescent signals and lesion geometry, and the blurring of optical mapping signals in the presence of heterogeneous tissue types were investigated. By providing a comprehensive optical coherence tomography image database of the human left atrium and a workflow for developing optical coherence tomography-informed cardiac tissue models, this work establishes the foundation for utilizing optical coherence tomography to improve the structural substrate characterization of atrial fibrillation. Future developments include analysis of optical coherence tomography imaged tissue structure with respect to clinical presentation, development of automated processing to better leverage the large amount of imaging data, enhancements and validation of the modeling scheme, and in vivo evaluation of the left atrial structural substrate through optical coherence tomography-integrated catheters

The Objectives of this thesis are: 1) To study possible atrial interaction in patients with right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to significant pulmonary (PS) and aortic valve stenosis (AS), respectively. 2) To assess left atrial (LA) intrinsic myocardial function and its relationship to indirect measures of left ventricular (LV) filling pressures in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). 3) To test the hypothesis that the LA function is affected in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). 4) To test the hypothesis that raised LA pressure as shown by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) correlates with severity of LA intrinsic systolic function. We conducted 4 studies to achieve the objective sabove. Study I Methods: We studied 41 PS patients (age 36±10 year) and 41 AS patients (age 35 ± 12 year) and compared them with 27 controls (age 30 ± 7 year). RV and LV filling were recorded by conventional PW Doppler. Biventricular segmental function was studied using the PW tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and M mode techniques. Results: The 2 patient groups had similar degree of ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In the pressureoverloaded ventricle, global systolic function was preserved but long axis function was impaired.Patients had higher peak late filling (Awave)and TDI late diastolic (a’) velocities recorded in the disease free ventricles despite having similar peak early filling velocities (E wave), E wave deceleration time and E/e’ ratios were not different from controls (p>0.05 for all). The accentuation of atrial activity (A wave) was moderately correlated with the degree of contra lateral ventricular outflow tract obstruction (p<0.001 for both). Conclusion: In the pressure overloaded ventricle long axis function is more sensitive than global function in revealing myocardial dysfunction. The increased contra lateral atrial systolic activity suggests an evidence for atrial interaction in the form of ‘Cross Talk’. Study II Methods: Twentyfive PAF patients (age 68±7 year, 10 males) with Doppler signs of raised filling pressures were studied using speckle tracking echocardiography and compared with 21 controls. LA segmental longitudinal strain (S), strain rate (SR) and myocardial velocities during atrial systole were measured as were LA longitudinal and transverse diameters. Markers of LV filling pressures were E/A andE/e’. Results: LA longitudinal diameter was larger in patients (5.5±0.6 vs. 4.8±0.6cm,p<0.01) and global LAS and SR were reduced (p<0.05 for both) and correlated with E/A (r=0.52 and r=0.43, p<0.05 for both). LA segmental S and SR were uniformly reduced compared with controls (p<0.05 for all) and also correlated with E/A (p<0.05 for all). LA myocardial velocities (TDI) were highest at the annular level and lowest at the rear in both patients and controls (p<0.01 for all), with the absolute values at each level not different between groups. Myocardial velocities negatively correlated with E/A at the annular level only in patients (septal: r=0.52; lateral: r=0.62, p<0.01 for both). Conclusion: In PAF patients, LA systolic function is suppressed and is directly related to the raised filling pressures. While intrinsic global and segmental function can reproducibly be studied by S and SR, myocardial velocities reflect only regional motion. These findings provide a sound explanation to the known beneficial effect of vasodilators in PAF patients. Study III Methods: We studied LA size and reservoir function in 35 patients (age 63 ± 15 years, 16 male) with idiopathic PAH using speckle tracking echocardiography who also underwent right heart catheterization simultaneously to assess pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and compared them with 27 age and gender normal controls. Results: In PAH patients, LA longitudinal diameter was not different from controls but transverse diameter was reduced (3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5cm, p<0.001). LA lateral wall strain rate (SR) during LV systole (atrial reservoir function was reduced at annular (p<0.001) and mid cavity (p<0.01) levels as were septal segments (p<0.03, for both) compared to controls. Opposite to controls, the two LA walls responded differently to right heart pressures. Lateral SR inversely correlated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (annular: r=0.45, p<0.005 and midcavity: r=0.43, p<0.01), but not with right atrial pressure (RAP). In contrast, septal SR inversely correlated with RAP (annular: r=0.39, p=0.02 and midcavity: r=0.38, p=0.03) but not with PASP. Conclusion: In patients with PAH, LA reservoir function is significantly impaired showing reduced myocardial strain rate properties. In addition,segmental function differs in their response to raised right heart pressures with the septal wall related to right atrial pressure and lateral wall related to the PASP. These findings suggest an evidence for atrial interaction in PAH, which is likely to have significant impact on LV performance. Study IV Methods: We studied 46 patients, mean age 61 ± 13 years, 17 males, of various etiologies with exertional breathlessness who underwent right heart catheterization and simultaneous transthoracic Doppler echocardiography using spectral, tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography techniques for assessing LA structure and function. Results: PCWP correlated with direct measurements of LA structure and function: LA volume (r= 0.43, p<0.01), LA global systolic strain rate (r=0.79, p<0.001) and to a lesser extent with LA systolic filling fraction (r=0.52, p<0.001). PCWP also correlated with indirect measures of LA pressure: LV E/A (r=0.66, p<0.001), E wave deceleration time (r=0.54, p<0.001), lateral E/e’ (r=0.49, p<0.001) and LV isovolumic relaxation time (r=0.36, p<0.01). LA strain rate was 78% sensitive and 84% specific in identifying patients with PCWP>15 mmHg, having accurately predicted PCWP in 63% of the cases. Conclusion: PCWP correlates with LA intrinsic systolic function and to a much lesser degree with indirect Doppler measures of raised LV filling pressures. These findings should have significant clinical implications in identifying breathless patients with raised LA pressure.

Projektet består av en tillbyggnad till Nationalmuseum. Tillbyggnaden är främst en plats för förvaring av och arbete med konst och innehåller bland annat magasin, konserveringsateljéer, kontor och vissa publika funktioner. Målet med projektet har varit att undersöka hur man, genom byggnadens placering, kan förbättra parken som omger Nationalmuseum, genom att förtydliga denna. Projektet har också velat undersöka hur en byggnad kan kopplas ihop och koncentreras till kring ett tomrum och hur detta kan aktiveras. Byggnadens huvudsakliga rörelse är förlagd till det gemensamma tomrummet, atriet, medan funktionerna är ordnade i kringliggande volymer. Funktionerna har ordnats efter några olika principer. Vissa funktioner behöver ha en nära koppling till varandra och även vara kopplade till Nationalmuseum. En transporthiss länkar samman de olika funktionerna som rör konsten. Rummen har också ordnats vertikalt efter hur mycket och vilken sorts ljus de behöver. / The project consists of an annex to Nationalmuseum. The main purpose of the annex is to store and work with art, and it contains a storehouse, conservatories, offices and some public functions, amongst other things. The object of the project has been to investigate how the placing of the building can improve the surrounding park and city scape. The project also tries to investigate how a building can be arranged around a void and how this void can be activated. The movement in the building is located in the void while the different functions are placed in the surrounding volumes, according to certain principles. Some functions need to have a close connection to each other and also to Nationalmuseum. A transport elevator connects the different functions that deal with the art. The rooms are also ordered vertically according to how much and what sort of light they acquire.