This research is trying to understand the effectiveness of endorsed advertisings, which are attitude toward the ad [AAd], attitude toward the brand [AB], and purchase intentions [PI], under different spokespersons types (celebrity/expert/typical consumer), and product types (jeans/milk/shampoo). The data was analyzed mainly by 2-Way ANOVA, and regression. The major conclusions are: 1. The difference between the types of spokesperson and the types of product has significantly influenced the advertising effectiveness. 2. In the advertisings of different types of product, the types of spokesperson, AAd, and AB influence PI. The data shows the type of spokesperson influences PI by influencing AAd and AB. 3. In the advertisings of shampoo, sex will make significant differences between the types of spokesperson. In the AAd dimension, it shows men prefer expert to endorse the shampoo. Otherwise, in the AB dimension women prefer typical consumer to endorse. 4. Expert is more effective than other types when he endorses the jeans and shampoo. Typical consumer has the highest score in AB and PI than others in the advertising of milk due to the closer position with the consumers.

Social Media Influencers (SMIs) and their sponsored posts on the Social Media represent a growing part of tomorrow’s digital marketing landscape. Marketers hire them to recommend their products to their large audiences through friendly and engaging social media posts. To please marketers, increasing and maintaining their audience size is of the utmost importance. Consequently, number of followers, likes, and comments have become the metrics of SMIs success. However, recent contradictory publications of business magazines and academic research raised the question of SMIs’ online popularity, credibility, and their efficiency as brand endorsers. Hence, an online-based survey experiment based examined the audience’s attitude of SMI credibility across three different level of online popularity using Ohanian’s (1990) source credibility model. Further, the relationship between SMI credibility and brand attitude, and the mediating effect of attitude toward sponsored post were investigated using a research model adapted from Attitude toward advertising models. The findings revealed that the more an SMI is popular, the more he is perceived as a credible brand advocate, and SMI credibility was found to positively and directly influences brand attitude. Semi-structured interviews strengthened the discussion of the quantitative results. Theoretical and managerial contributions of the study are presented and suggestions for future research ensue.

Purpose: The study aims to explore the effects of social media influencers' credibilitydimensions (attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise) on consumer behavior (purchase intention and attitude towards the brand) while considering the followers' loyalty as the mediating variable in the fashion industry.Theoretical approach: The proposed conceptual model of the study is based on assumptions of source credibility theory and theoretical reasonings provided in the previous literature related to social media influencer marketing.Design/methodology: Quantitative research design is used and data is collected through selfreported questionnaires. The population of the study consists of social media users who follow social media influencers on different social media platforms. Findings – Based on data collection from 225 Pakistani respondents, the analysis of the study indicates a positive impact of the three social media influencer credibility dimensions on the purchase intention, and followers’ attitude towards the endorsed brands. Moreover, influencers’ credibility positively impacts followers’ loyalty to the influencers. In addition to the direct effects, followers’ loyalty towards the influencers partially mediated (1) the relationship between influencers’ credibility and purchase intention, as well as (2) the relationship betweeninfluencers’ credibility and followers’ attitude towards the brand. Practical implications – The findings of the thesis provide implications for businesses and marketers to understand the role of credible social media influencers in shaping consumer behavior and it also answers the question of how they influence it.Originality/value – This study adds to the influencer marketing literature by investigating the mediating role of followers’ loyalty in between the relationship of influencer’s credibility and purchase intention of followers as well as their attitude towards the brand.

This research aims to investigate the impact of social media influencer’s credibility dimensions (Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise), in shaping consumer's behaviour (Purchasing intention of customers and customer's attitude towards the brand). This proposed theoretical framework is based on social learning theory and the theoretical implications of the previous literature which is related to social media influencer marketing. For this empirical study, the data has been collected from Pakistani consumers who are following social media influencers who share and endorse products related to the fashion industry. Data is collected from 149 individuals out of which 135 were valid respondents.  Results reveal that social media influencer's credibility dimension (Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise) positively influence the customer’s attitude towards the brands as well as the purchase intentions of the customers. In addition, the study has significance for social media influencers in the fashion and style sector in terms of understanding the factors of followers' devotion to them and the noticeable effects of followers' allegiance on their behaviour. This study adds to the literature on social media influencer marketing by demonstrating the importance of follower’s perspective towards the social media influencers. Previous studies lack in providing the Pakistan perspective related to social media influencermarketing and this research attempts to fulfill that gap. Another important aspect of this study is that the pictures of influencers have been used to conduct this research.

本研究以廣告嘻哈性與故事性為自變數、消費者的嘻哈偏好為調節變數對廣告效果進行研究。研究方式以台北市高中生為受測對象，透過自製廣告影片的播放、然後請受測者填答問卷。問卷分析的結果發現： 1. 消費者認知的廣告嘻哈性或故事性愈強時，對應的廣告態度、品牌態度、購買意願皆愈佳。且當消費者認知的廣告故事性愈弱時，廣告嘻哈性與廣告態度之正向關係愈強。亦即當廣告的嘻哈性或故事性同時增強時，對廣告態度的正向影響會有飽和的效果。 2. 廣告嘻哈性與故事性對廣告效果的影響，會受到消費者嘻哈偏好的干擾。消費者的嘻哈偏好程度愈高時，廣告嘻哈性與品牌態度、購買意願的正向關係愈強。而當產品傾向於感性時，消費者的嘻哈偏好程度愈高，廣告故事性與廣告態度之正向關係愈強。此外，消費者的嘻哈偏好程度愈高，廣告故事性與消費者對產品回憶的正確程度的正向關係反而愈弱。 3. 廣告態度不具有廣告嘻哈性與品牌態度關係間的中介影響力，亦即提高廣告嘻哈性，可直接對品牌態度產生正向影響。此外，當消費者的嘻哈偏好低時，廣告態度會扮演廣告嘻哈性與購買意願的中介角色，但是當消費者嘻哈偏好高時則否。表示嘻哈性強的廣告，可以打動嘻哈偏好高的消費者，讓他跳過廣告態度而直接提高購買意願。 4. 廣告態度在消費者的嘻哈偏好程度低時，是廣告故事性與品牌態度的中介變數。表示只有在消費者的嘻哈偏好程度高時，提高廣告故事性才能直接對品牌態度產生正向影響。此外，廣告態度也是廣告故事性與購買意願的中介變數，表示提高廣告故事性對購買意願產生的正向影響，其實是先影響廣告態度而後才影響購買意願的「兩段式」影響，作用有限。 關鍵字：嘻哈、故事、廣告效果、中介效果、品牌態度、購買意願、次文化

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’examiner l’influence de la présence, dans des annonces presse, d’un personnage, d’un visage ou de la direction d’un regard sur l’attention portée à cette annonce ainsi que sur la mémorisation et les évaluations de cette annonce. Afin d’éprouver nos hypothèses quatre expérimentations ont été menées. Dans l’une d’entre elles un système eye-tracking a été utilisé permettant de mieux cerner les processus attentionnels. Pour nous rapprocher des conditions d’exposition habituelles à la publicité, les annonces presse ont été dissimulées dans un magazine fictif. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la présence du personnage ou du visage (versus leur absence), ainsi que le regard dirigé vers le produit (versus le regard dirigé vers l’observateur), exercent une influence sur l’attention portée à l’annonce, la mémorisation de son contenu et son évaluation. / This research aims to examine the influence of the presence in a print advertisement of a character, a face or a gaze direction (gaze directed toward the product versus gaze directed toward the observer) on attention toward the advertisement, the memorization and the evaluation of the advertisement content. To test our hypotheses, four experiments were conducted. In one of these experiments an eye-tracker has been used to better measure attentional processes. In order to approach the ordinary conditions of exposure to advertising, print advertisements were inserted in a fictive magazine (folder test procedure). The results show that the presence of the character or the face (versus their absence) and the gaze directed toward the product (versus gaze directed toward the observer) improve the attention toward the advertisement, the memorization and the assessment of advertisement content.

La présente recherche traite de l’expérience de consultation du site web d’une marque et de son impact sur les réactions post-visite de l’internaute. Dans cette perspective, une revue de la littérature relative à l’expérience de consommation de manière générale et à l’expérience de navigation de manière spécifique est effectuée. Cette démarche conceptuelle, conjuguée à une étude qualitative exploratoire, a abouti à la proposition d’un modèle conceptuel qui met en exergue le processus psychologique – notamment le mode de traitement et l’expérience d’imagerie mentale – de l’internaute lors de la consultation du site web de marque. De même, ce modèle met au jour les contributions des composantes fonctionnelles et expérientielles de ladite consultation sur la satisfaction et l’attitude de l’internaute.En vue de confirmer le modèle conceptuel, une étude quantitative de type expérimentale est effectuée. Le test des liens subséquents au modèle causal – au moyen des analyses multivariées et de la méthode des équations structurelles – ressort les interactions substantielles qui régissent les éléments antécédents et composants de l’expérience de consultation du site web d’une marque ainsi que leurs influences respectives sur la satisfaction de l’internaute relative au site web et sur son attitude envers la marque. / This research discusses the experience of brand website visit and its consequences on consumer post-visit reactions. In this perspective, a review of the literature related to the theme of consumption experience in general and particularly to online browsing experience is performed. This theoretical approach, combined with an exploratory qualitative study, led to the proposal of a framework model that emphasizes the psychological process - including the way of processing and mental imagery experience - during consumer consultation of a brand website. Similarly, this model reveals the contributions of the utilitarian and experiential components of that consultation on consumer's satisfaction and attitude.To confirm the framework model, a quantitative experiment is performed. The results of the causal model testing - this, using multivariate analyzes and structural equation modeling- put forward the substantial interactions that exist between the antecedent elements and the core components of the brand website experience and the specific influences of these ones on consumer's satisfaction related to the website and attitude toward the brand.