Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lawrence Chung Koo.pdf: 6692647 bytes, checksum: c6742bc4be0ad22c2cb8e80905bfebce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-17 / This research aims to describe and analyze Web 3.0 in the world of communication, especially in the social media environment. With the emergence of new search engines and innovation in new forms of collaboration among internet users, it challenges us to study the development of this area. In particular, we studied the influence of Science Service in the digital world. We collected facts and analyzed the reasons why the service is to be the focus of attention in Web environment, both in economic transactions, and in processes of knowledge creation. Dedicate part of our study to the learning service for this segment will be the foundation of future development on the Web. The methodology was based on Chapter 4 of the book Research and Communication by Santaella (2004), the main authors who inspired the research in Science Service topics are Spohrer et al (2007), Maglio et al (2010), while in the area of Web development the authors which supported were we based our ideas are Spivack N., (2007) and Siemmens (2005). The theoretical framework used in the thesis has been exemplified with the actual experiences of internet users, myself and my dairy surfing records through social networks, testing search engines, buying goods and services in ecommerce, using communication tools, and finally talking to consumer in Brazil, for example, LinkedIn, Facebook, Google, Brands Club etc. This project was the result of data collection on academic literatures, state of art articles and intensive Web browsing to verify the facts cited above, in the period from 2007 to 2011. It was intentional, by the researcher, to use primarily electronic books (when there was a choice between print and e-book), specialized websites and blogs moderated by experts on research topics / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a Web 3.0 que está no contexto comunicacional, em especial, no ambiente de mídias sociais. O aparecimento de novos mecanismos de busca e a inovação nas formas de colaboração entre os internautas instigaram-nos a pesquisar o desenvolvimento dessa área. Em especial, estudamos a influência da Ciência de Serviços no mundo digital. Coletamos fatos e analisamos as razões pelas quais o serviço na Web passa a ser o foco das atenções, tanto nas transações econômicas, como nos processos de criação do conhecimento. Dedicamos parte do nosso estudo para o serviço de aprendizagem por ser esse segmento o alicerce do desenvolvimento futuro na Web. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa teve como base o capítulo 4 do livro Pesquisa e Comunicação, de Santaella (2004). Os autores principais que fundamentaram este estudo na área da Ciência de Serviços foram Spohrer et al (2007), Maglio et al (2010), e, na área de desenvolvimento da Web, os autores que mais nos inspiraram foram O Reilly (2009), Wheeler (2010), Spivack (2007) e Siemmens (2005). Além dos textos dos autores já mencionados, foram utilizadas as informações dos blogs e dos artigos online de autores ou articulistas especialistas em internet e aquelas coletadas pelo próprio pesquisador na Web, por meio dos sites de colaboração, das redes sociais, dos mecanismos de buscas, do e-commerce, das ferramentas de comunicação, do consumo e cultura no Brasil, como, por exemplo, plataformas Linkedin, Facebook, Google, Twitter e site de compras coletivas Brands Club, Groupon etc. As conclusões obtidas na pesquisa, relativas à tendência da Web para se tornar uma Web de serviços, resultaram da pesquisa bibliográfica e de artigos sobre o estado da arte em relação ao tema sob estudo, e intensa navegação na Web para verificação dos fatos citados acima, no período entre 2007 e 2011. Foi totalmente intencional, por parte do pesquisador, utilizar prioritariamente os livros eletrônicos (quando havia opção entre o impresso e o e-book), sites e blogs dos autores especialistas nos temas

In a world that moves more towards the digital every day, we will in this study investigate how the auditing process is affected by automation of the auditing tasks and how the auditor’s professional role can be affected if the auditing tasks get automated. The area of application is primarily on the whole auditing process and the auditing tasks and not on the specific tasks the auditor has, even though many of the tasks are mentioned as examples. Also, if artificial intelligence eventually will replace the auditor in the future. Two interviews were held in order to see how program developers believe the future for the auditor will look like from a technical perspective and what is technically possible to develop. Also, three interviews were held in order to see the authorized auditors’ point of view and if they already have started to notice change and how much change they can expect in the near future. The purpose of this study is to investigate how automation is affected by automation of the auditing tasks and how the auditor’s professional role is affected if the auditing tasks get automated. To achieve our purpose, we investigated the parts that the auditor and the program developer think or know can be automated and the consequences that affect the auditor. The conclusion of the study differs from other studies that only have interviewed auditors, in which they have reached the conclusion that the profession will not change much in the next few years. Our conclusion is that the auditor profession will reshape as the years go by if the laws are adjusted, which can be a slow process but is likely to happen. We also think we will see an increased demand for IT-auditors as the programs get more complicated and that technological knowledge is required to understand how these programs and systems work. / I en värld som rör sig alltmer mot det digitala undersöks, i denna studie, hur revisionsprocessen påverkas av automatisering av revisionsuppgifter samt hur revisorers yrkesroll påverkas om revisionsuppgifter automatiseras. Tillämpningsområdet är framförallt på revisionsprocessen och revisionsuppgifter i helhet och inte på revisorns specifika arbetsuppgifter även om flertalet arbetsuppgifter nämns som exempel. Samt om den artificiella intelligensen eventuellt kan ta över revisorns roll i framtiden. I denna studie har två intervjuer genomförts i syfte att se hur programutvecklarna ser revisorns framtid ur ett mer tekniskt perspektiv och vad som är tekniskt möjligt att utveckla. Tre intervjuer hölls också med syftet att fånga de auktoriserade revisorernas perspektiv för att se om de redan börjat märka av förändring och hur stor förändring de kan förvänta sig inom den närmsta tiden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur revisionsprocessen påverkas av automatisering av revisionsuppgifter samt hur revisorers yrkesroll påverkas om revisionsuppgifter automatiseras. För att uppnå vårt syfte undersökte vi vilka delar av revisorns yrke som revisorer och programutvecklare tror eller vet kan automatiseras samt vilka konsekvenser som påverkar revisorn. Slutsatsen i vår studie skiljer sig aningens mot tidigare studier där de främst intervjuat revisorer, samt att de flesta kommer fram till att revisorns roll i det stora hela förblir relativt oförändrad. Vi kom fram till att revisorns yrkesroll kan komma att omformas med åren allt eftersom lagar och regler justeras, vilket kan vara en trögrörlig process men att det med sannolikhet kommer att ske. Vi ser även att IT-revisorer kommer bli mer efterfrågade allt eftersom programmen blir mer komplicerade samt att mer teknologisk kunskap krävs för att förstå hur dessa program och system fungerar

Emerging advances in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have had a tremendous impact on various fields around us and society as a whole. As technologies continue to evolve, so will the role of designers when it comes to using AI. It has the potential to be the next tool designers use to create human-centered products and services. To truly understand AI and harness its capabilities, it is crucial to demystify the term and its inner workings. This thesis is explorative research to shed light on collaborative intelligence and how designers can harness the capabilities of AI. It further explores how to integrate the principles of design and AI to create AI-driven products and services. In addition to background research conducted on both design and AI, the importance of both these fields’ intersection was also researched upon. The project followed the Double Diamond design process principles, consisting of four phases: discover, define, develop, and deliver. This process was then used again to design a framework that bridges the gap between AI & design principles. This research aimed to explore how designers could use AI to develop new products and services. The project resulted in a framework that guides designers on how to get acclimated to AI and uses a specific set of principles to design for AI. It contains concepts necessary to understand the different aspects of AI and aims to build a common language amongst all AI practitioners. The framework also serves as a basic outline of a workshop that provides various design methods that AI practitioners can use to ideate AI-driven solutions. / Framsteg inom Artificiell Intelligens (AI) har redan haft enorma effekter på diverse ämnesområden med direkt eller indirekt påverkan på oss människor. I och med att teknologin som utnyttjar AI kommer att utvecklas, kommer även rollen för designers att förändras. AI innehar potentialen att bli nästa verktyg som kan brukas för att skapa människocentrerade produkter och tjänster. För att förstå och nyttja AI och dess förmåga är det kritiskt att avmystifiera termen och dess potential. Detta explorativa arbete syftar till att nysta upp kollaborativ intelligens samt att undersöka hur det kan användas av designers för att nyttja AIs fulla potential. Därtill utforskar arbetet hur AI och designprinciper kan integreras för att skapa AI-baserade produkter och tjänster. Utöver forskningen inom design och AI undersöks även fältens skärningspunkter. Följande arbete använder sig av Double Diamond designprocessen och dess principer: discover, define, develop, and deliver. Denna process kommer att användas för att konstruera ett ramverk som binder samman AI och designprinciper. Arbetet syftar till att utforska hur designers kan använda AI för att skapa nya produkter och tjänster. Resultatet är ett ramverk som kan vägleda designers att acklimatisera sig med AI och dess specifika principer för att kunna applicera AI i sitt arbete. Ramverket innefattar nödvändiga koncept för att förstå olika aspekter av AI och strävar efter att bygga ett gemensamt språk för alla utövare av AI. Ramverket ger dessutom riktlinjer för att strukturera workshops som förser alla möjliga AI användare med designmetoder för att skapa AI baserade lösningar.

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L'intelligence artificielle est l'un des domaines les plus florissants et les plus passionnants de la recherche et de l'industrie. Au cours des dernières années, les approches utilisant l'apprentissage profond ont permis de nombreuses avancées dans divers domaines, notamment la vision par ordinateur, la traduction automatique, la reconnaissance et la génération d'images, ainsi que la compréhension et la génération de textes (tels que GPT-4). Dans cette thèse, je cherche à savoir si et comment l'intelligence artificielle peut être utilisée pour améliorer l'accès à la justice et à l'information juridique pour les justiciables. Le citoyen moyen est souvent dépassé et impuissant lorsqu'il est confronté à des problèmes juridiques. Il peut avoir du mal à comprendre comment la loi s'applique à sa situation et à utiliser le système juridique pour résoudre son problème, même s'il est conscient de ses droits. En conséquence, leurs problèmes restent irrésolus ou ils ne profitent pas des possibilités qui leur sont offertes. C'est pourquoi j'ai développé et mis en œuvre la méthodologie "JusticeBot", qui utilise l'IA pour aider les justiciables à résoudre leurs problèmes juridiques. Les outils qui en résultent utilisent une approche hybride de raisonnement basée sur des règles et des cas pour poser à l'utilisateur des questions pertinentes, analyser sa situation juridique et lui fournir des informations juridiques appropriées ainsi que des cas antérieurs similaires liés à son problème juridique particulier. L'utilisateur peut utiliser ces informations pour négocier une solution mutuellement acceptable ou pour naviguer dans le processus juridique ardu. JusticeBot est donc un outil d'intelligence augmentée, qui améliore le niveau de connaissance de l'utilisateur pour l'aider à résoudre ses problèmes juridiques. Je décris la méthodologie globale et la manière dont je l'ai mise en œuvre dans des outils logiciels, par exemple le "JusticeCreator", une interface permettant de créer et de mettre à jour les outils JusticeBot. Je présente également un outil JusticeBot déployé dans le domaine des litiges entre propriétaires et locataires, qui est accessible au public à l'adresse https://justicebot.ca. Cet outil a été utilisé plus de 17 000 fois et 86 % des utilisateurs ayant répondu à une enquête ont déclaré qu'ils recommanderaient le système à d'autres personnes. Je pense que JusticeBot peut contribuer à aider les individus à résoudre leurs problèmes juridiques, ainsi qu'à renforcer la confiance et l'identification aux institutions juridiques au niveau sociétal en améliorant l'accès à la justice et l'accès à l'information juridique pour le citoyen moyen. / Artificial intelligence is one of the most thriving and exciting areas in research and industry. Recently, approaches using deep learning have led to a number of breakthroughs in a range of areas, including computer vision, machine translation, image recognition and generation, and text understanding and generation (such as GPT-4). In this thesis, I investigate if and how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to improve access to justice and access to legal information for laypeople, i.e. people without legal training. The average citizen is often overwhelmed and helpless when dealing with legal problems. They may struggle to understand how the law applies to their situation, and further have trouble using the judicial system to resolve their issue, even if they are aware of their rights. This results in their problems going unresolved or prevents them from benefiting from opportunities available to them. For this reason, I developed and implemented the “JusticeBot” methodology, which uses AI to support laypeople with their legal issues. The resulting tools use a hybrid rule-based and case-based reasoning approach to ask a user relevant questions, analyze their legal situation, and provide them with suitable legal information and similar previous cases related to their particular legal problem. They can use this information to negotiate a mutually agreeable solution, or to navigate the arduous legal process. Thus, JusticeBot is an augmented intelligence tool, enhancing the user’s knowledge level to help them solve their legal problems. I describe the overall methodology and how I implemented it into software tools, e.g. the “JusticeCreator”, an interface to create and update JusticeBot tools. I also elaborate on a deployed JusticeBot tool in the area of landlord-tenant disputes, which is accessible to the public at https://justicebot.ca. This tool has been used over 17k times, and 86% of users responding to a survey report that they would recommend the system to others. I believe that JusticeBot can contribute to helping individuals resolve their legal problems, as well as increasing trust in and identification with legal institutions on a societal level, by improving access to justice and access to legal information for the average citizen.