Fixtures accurately locate and secure a part during machining operations such that the part can be manufactured to design specifications. To reduce the design costs associated with fixturing, various computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) methods have been developed through the years to assist the fixture designer. Much research has been directed towards developing systems that determine an optimal fixture plan layout, but there is still a need to develop a CAFD method that can continue to assist designers at the unit level where the key task is identifying the appropriate structure that the individual units comprising a fixture should take. This research work details the development of a CAFD methodology (called CAFixD) that seeks to fill this hole in the CAFD field. The approach taken is to consider all operational requirements of a fixture problem, and use them to guide the design of a fixture at the unit level. Based upon a case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology where relevant design experience is retrieved and adapted to provide a new fixture design solution, the CAFixD methodology adopts a rigorous approach to indexing design cases in which axiomatic design functional requirement decomposition is adopted. Thus, the design requirement is decomposed in terms of functional requirements, physical solutions are retrieved and adapted for each individual requirement, and the design re-constituted to form a complete fixture design. Case adaptation knowledge is used to guide the retrieval process. Possible adaptation strategies for modifying candidate cases are identified and then evaluated. Case and adaptation strategy combinations that result in adapted designs that best satisfy the preferences of the designer are used as the final design solutions. Possible means of refining the effectiveness of the method include combining adaptation strategies and considering the order in which design decisions are taken.

Neste trabalho, aprofundamos o estudo sobre risco sistêmico via funções de agregação. Consideramos três carteiras diferentes como proxy para um sistema econômico, estas carteiras são consistidas por duas funções de agregação, baseadas em todos as ações do E.U.A, e um índice de mercado. As medidas de risco aplicadas são Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), elas são previstas através do modelo GARCH clássico unido com nove funções de distribuição de probabilidade diferentes e mais por um método não paramétrico. As previsões são avaliadas por funções de perda e backtests de violação. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem pode gerar uma função de agregação adequada para processar o risco de um sistema previamente selecionado. / In this work, we deepen the study of systemic risk measurement via aggregation functions. We consider three different portfolios as a proxy for an economic system, these portfolios are consisted in two aggregation functions, based on all U.S. stocks and a market index. The risk measures applied are Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), they are forecasted via the classical GARCH model along with nine distribution probability functions and also by a nonparametric approach. The forecasts are evaluated by loss functions and violation backtests. Results indicate that our approach can generate an adequate aggregation function to process the risk of a system previously selected.

<p>In the first part of this thesis, we contribute to the semantics of typed object calculus by giving (a) a category-theoretic denotational semantics using partial maps making use of an algebraic compactness assumption, (b) a notion of "wrappers'' by which algebraic datatypes can be represented as object types, and (c) proofs of computational soundness and adequacy of typed object calculus via Plotkin's FPC (with lazy operational semantics), thus making models of FPC suitable also for first-order typed object calculus (with recursive objects supporting method update, but not subtyping). It follows that a valid equation in the model induces operationally congruent terms in the language, so that program algebras can be studied. For (c), we also develop an extended first-order typed object calculus, and prove subject reduction. The second part of the thesis concerns recursion principles on datatypes including the untyped lambda calculus as a special case. Freyd showed that in certain domain theoretic categories, locally continuous functors have minimal invariants, which possess a structure that he termed dialgebra. This gives rise to a category of dialgebras and homomorphisms, where the minimal invariants are initial, inducing a powerful recursion scheme (direcursion) on a complete partial order. We identify a problem that appears when we translate (co)iterative functions to direcursion, and as a solution to this problem we develop a recursion scheme (primitive direcursion). This immediately gives a number of examples of direcursive functions, improving on the situation in the literature where only a few examples have appeared. By means of a case study, this line of work is connected to object calculus models.</p> / Delarbete II är även publicerad som Teknisk rapport, 2007, Oct, No2.

In the first part of this thesis, we contribute to the semantics of typed object calculus by giving (a) a category-theoretic denotational semantics using partial maps making use of an algebraic compactness assumption, (b) a notion of "wrappers'' by which algebraic datatypes can be represented as object types, and (c) proofs of computational soundness and adequacy of typed object calculus via Plotkin's FPC (with lazy operational semantics), thus making models of FPC suitable also for first-order typed object calculus (with recursive objects supporting method update, but not subtyping). It follows that a valid equation in the model induces operationally congruent terms in the language, so that program algebras can be studied. For (c), we also develop an extended first-order typed object calculus, and prove subject reduction. The second part of the thesis concerns recursion principles on datatypes including the untyped lambda calculus as a special case. Freyd showed that in certain domain theoretic categories, locally continuous functors have minimal invariants, which possess a structure that he termed dialgebra. This gives rise to a category of dialgebras and homomorphisms, where the minimal invariants are initial, inducing a powerful recursion scheme (direcursion) on a complete partial order. We identify a problem that appears when we translate (co)iterative functions to direcursion, and as a solution to this problem we develop a recursion scheme (primitive direcursion). This immediately gives a number of examples of direcursive functions, improving on the situation in the literature where only a few examples have appeared. By means of a case study, this line of work is connected to object calculus models. / Delarbete II är även publicerad som Teknisk rapport, 2007, Oct, No2.

Ce travail propose une réévaluation du schisme phénoménologico-analytique à la lumière des textes de Husserl et de Carnap qui en constituent l’un des fondements et qui cependant émergent d’un contexte philosophique et scientifique similaire. L’idée carnapienne de constitution comme « reconstruction rationnelle » et arbitraire du monde peut en effet paraître s’opposer terme à terme au «se-constituer» des choses que déploie la phénoménologie husserlienne, mais l’emploi par Carnap du vocabulaire de la constitution nous impose d’interroger le lien que l’entreprise de l’Aufbau entretient avec la constitution idéaliste transcendantale. La thèse de ce travail revient à affirmer que l’opposition Husserl/Carnap ne peut être interprétée dans les termes d’une opposition entre phénoménologie et analyse logique, ni non plus sur la base des concepts d’idéalisme transcendantal, de logicisme ou de phénoménalisme. Comprendre l’opposition entre les deux auteurs (et donc plus lointainement entre les deux mouvements dont ils endossent, au moins partiellement, la paternité) implique de se pencher sur les textes de jeunesse où l’un et l’autre élaborent leur concept respectif de constitution, en s’intéressant notamment au modèle logico-mathématique du formel dont ils héritent, et dont leur système de constitution présente le déploiement. Cette confrontation nous amène à définir la constitution comme l’élaboration d’un modèle continu de la discontinuité atteinte par la description phénoménologique pré-constitutive du monde – ce qui nous conduira à interroger la pertinence du modèle topologique pour la constitution. / In this PhD thesis, I attempt to reevaluate the opposition between analytical and phenomenological philosophy through the study of Husserl’s and Carnap’s systems of constitution. Carnap’s idea of constitution as a “rational” and arbitrary “reconstruction” of the world seems to be radically antithetical to Husserl’s descriptive account of the “self-constitution” of the things themselves. Yet, Carnap’s use of the language of constitution, as well as his attempt to translate it into the language of logistics, lead us to question the links between his own enterprise and Husserl’s transcendental idealist constitution. What I am trying to demonstrate in this work is that the opposition between Husserl and Carnap cannot be interpreted either in terms of “phenomenology” and “analytical philosophy” or in terms of transcendental idealism, logicism and phenomenalism. In order to understand the opposition between Husserl and Carnap (and therefore, between continental and analytical philosophy), it is necessary to ask how and why, in their very first works and articles, they both conceived philosophy as a system of constitution. This leads us to give an account of Husserl’s and Carnap’s logico-mathematical models of the formal dimension of experience, and to define constitution as the elaboration of a continuous model for the discontinuity of the world – this discontinuity being given by the phenomenological and pre-constitutive description of the world. Would this imply then that topology is a suitable model for the construction of the world ?

Neste trabalho, aprofundamos o estudo sobre risco sistêmico via funções de agregação. Consideramos três carteiras diferentes como proxy para um sistema econômico, estas carteiras são consistidas por duas funções de agregação, baseadas em todos as ações do E.U.A, e um índice de mercado. As medidas de risco aplicadas são Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), elas são previstas através do modelo GARCH clássico unido com nove funções de distribuição de probabilidade diferentes e mais por um método não paramétrico. As previsões são avaliadas por funções de perda e backtests de violação. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem pode gerar uma função de agregação adequada para processar o risco de um sistema previamente selecionado. / In this work, we deepen the study of systemic risk measurement via aggregation functions. We consider three different portfolios as a proxy for an economic system, these portfolios are consisted in two aggregation functions, based on all U.S. stocks and a market index. The risk measures applied are Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), they are forecasted via the classical GARCH model along with nine distribution probability functions and also by a nonparametric approach. The forecasts are evaluated by loss functions and violation backtests. Results indicate that our approach can generate an adequate aggregation function to process the risk of a system previously selected.

Neste trabalho, aprofundamos o estudo sobre risco sistêmico via funções de agregação. Consideramos três carteiras diferentes como proxy para um sistema econômico, estas carteiras são consistidas por duas funções de agregação, baseadas em todos as ações do E.U.A, e um índice de mercado. As medidas de risco aplicadas são Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), elas são previstas através do modelo GARCH clássico unido com nove funções de distribuição de probabilidade diferentes e mais por um método não paramétrico. As previsões são avaliadas por funções de perda e backtests de violação. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem pode gerar uma função de agregação adequada para processar o risco de um sistema previamente selecionado. / In this work, we deepen the study of systemic risk measurement via aggregation functions. We consider three different portfolios as a proxy for an economic system, these portfolios are consisted in two aggregation functions, based on all U.S. stocks and a market index. The risk measures applied are Value at Risk (VaR), Expected Shortfall (ES) and Expectile Value at Risk (EVaR), they are forecasted via the classical GARCH model along with nine distribution probability functions and also by a nonparametric approach. The forecasts are evaluated by loss functions and violation backtests. Results indicate that our approach can generate an adequate aggregation function to process the risk of a system previously selected.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T11:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Dorgival Fidellis de Souza - 2014.pdf: 2095231 bytes, checksum: 65e25085d6c9748ee4eeb885c21aaabc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T11:09:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Dorgival Fidellis de Souza - 2014.pdf: 2095231 bytes, checksum: 65e25085d6c9748ee4eeb885c21aaabc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-13T11:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Dorgival Fidellis de Souza - 2014.pdf: 2095231 bytes, checksum: 65e25085d6c9748ee4eeb885c21aaabc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this work, we made a theoric essay about the foundations of probability ax- iomatic de nition, proposed by A. N. Kolmogorov and its implications in probabilistic models of the binomial experiment, exploring concepts and elements innate from dis- crete mathematics that is relate to the additive and multiplicative principles, simple combinations, Pascal ´s triangle and Newton´s binomy. Also, we study the probabil- ity applied to the discrete case throughout experiments de nition, events and random variables, so that we could substantiate our problem application proposal, about infor- mation transmitting between central series to brazilian high school. / Neste trabalho, zemos um ensaio teórico sobre os fundamentos da de nição ax- iomática da probabilidade proposto por A. N. Kolmogorov e suas implicações ao modelo probabilístico de um experimento binomial, explorando conceitos e elementos próprios à Matemática discreta que se relacionam aos princípios aditivo e multiplicativo, com- binações simples, triângulo de Pascal e binômio de Newton. Também, estudamos a probabilidade aplicada ao caso discreto passando pela de nição de experimentos, even- tos e variáveis aleatórias a m de fundamentar nossa proposta de aplicação de um problema sobre transmissão de informações entre centrais em série ao Ensino Médio.

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After the concept of human dignity has spread into a large number of constitutions from all over the world, detailed examination of this phenomenon is steadily gaining importance. This thesis finds three autonomous approaches to human dignity in constitutional law, namely a subjective human right, the source of human rights and an objective constitutional value. Each of these approaches is based on a particular historical view on human dignity. The key argument of this thesis states that the connection of the three aforementioned legitimate approaches leads to the creation of dangerous and undesirable hybrid forms of human dignity. These forms tend to be axiomatic, preventing from the rational legal argumentation as well as from the use of the proportionality principle. The implementation of the concept of human dignity in such an axiomatic way is an argumentative foul, unfortunately so frequently made by both judiciary and doctrines. The thesis further focuses on the examination of the axiomatic human dignity phenomenon with respect to the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic decision-making specifically. Using quantitative methods, it first comes to the conclusion that the problem of axiomatic human dignity-related argumentation does not only exist in the Constitutional Court's...