Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om en BB-avdelning i Mellansverige uppfyllde UNICEF/WHO´s kriterier för en amningsvänlig vård, samt att jämföra resultaten med tidigare utvärderingar från åren 1996, 1997, 1998 och 2002. Syftet var också att undersöka vad som påverkat mammorna i beslutet att vilja amma. Amningsvänlig vård utgår från ”Tio steg till lyckad amning” och är en global amningsstrategi. Studien genomfördes i form av intervjuer med 40 nyförlösta mammor samt 22 intervjuer med personal. Vidare gjordes observationer på BB-avdelningen samt genomgång av avdelningens skrivna material angående amning, riktat till personal och mammor. Kriterierna för att amningsvänlig vård bedrivs är att, åtta av tio steg i amningsstrategin ska vara uppfyllda. Den undersökta avdelningen uppfyllde fem av de tio stegen. Genomgående i studien framkom att personalen hade goda praktiska amningskunskaper. Mammornas kunskap om hur de upprätthöll amningen var inte tillräckliga. Vidare hade inte mammorna fått tillräcklig kännedom om var de kunde vända sig för att få råd och stöd angående amning efter hemgång. Resultatet var jämförbart med studierna från 1996 och 2002, men en försämring jämfört med studierna 1997 och 1998 då de klarade åtta respektive nio av de tio stegen. Mammorna tillfrågades också om vad som påverkat dem mest i sitt beslut att amma. För förstföderskorna var det rådgivningen de fått på MVC och för omföderskor betydde tidigare erfarenheter mest.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of La Verne, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-169).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-208).

Calculating the numbers of people, their age, and income demographic in our future not only gives the idea of how people’s lifestyle will change, but also provides a clue of how planners should prepare the future. In this perspective, planners should pay close attention to any possible changes in demographic profile. By closely researching the cause and effect of the changes, they are able to be more responsible to the future and design an environment that better meets the needs of the population. According to many researches about population projection, we will experience a significant shift in population pyramid and this can be traced to the Baby Boomer generation’s aging. This report starts with connecting the population change to the recent development theories in urban planning and design field. To make our living environment better, and to make the urban theories, such as Infill Development, or New Urbanism, more sustainable, I think the development patterns should be more flexible to reflect our future demographic changes. By doing so, we will be able to maximize the advantages of those theories and make our built environment more sustainable stage. / text

Paper presented at the 15th LIASA Conference. 8-11 October 2013, Cape Town

Darbo tikslas: Ištirti žindančių motinų vidinę darną, motinos su kūdikiu darną ir šių veiksnių sąsajas su žindymo trukme. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti žindančių motinų vidinę darną; 2. Išanalizuoti motinos darną su kūdikiu; 3. Nustatyti motinos vidinės darnos ir motinos darnos su kūdikiu sąsajas. 3. Nustatyti darnos veiksnių ryšį su žindymo trukme. Tyrimo metodai: Tyrimo objektas – ką tik pagimdžiusios motinos ir auginančios kūdikius iki 6 mėn. Tyrimo metodas – anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrimas susidėjo iš dviejų etapų. Pirmasis tyrimas vyko pirmąją savaitę motinai pagimdžius kūdikį, antrasis – 6 mėn. po kūdikio gimimo. Tyrimui buvo atrinktos motinos, gimdžiusios KMUK, Pr. Mažylio ir Krikš��ioniškuose gimdymo namuose. Pirmojo tyrimo metu buvo apklaustos 493 motinos. Antrajame tyrime pakartotinai apklausta 141 motina. Atsako dažnis sudarė 35,6 proc. Rezultatai: Tyrimo duomenimis, motinoms kurioms kūdikis buvo planuotas, visų darnos skalės sričių ir visos skalės, balų sumos vidurkis buvo didesnis negu toms motinoms, kurioms kūdikis buvo neplanuotas (p<0,001). Išsimokslinimas statistiškai reikšmingai veikė vidinės darnos suprantamumo (p=0,006), kontroliavimo jausmų sritis (p=0,038) ir visą skalę (p=0,005). Šeimyninė padėtis siejosi tik su motinos vidinės darnos prasmingumo jausmu (p=0,003). Motinos darna su kūdikiu statistiškai reikšmingai siejosi su gimdymo eiliškumu. Motinos kurios pagimdė antrą ar trečią vaiką, turėjo stipresnį prasmingumo (p=0,055), suprantamumo jausmą (p=0,0... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective: To study mother‘s sense of coherence (SOC), the mother‘s coherence with a baby and influence of these factors to the duration of breastfeeding. Tasks: 1. To evaluate sense of coherence of the mothers; 2. To analyze the mother‘s coherence with a baby; 3. To evaluate relations between mother‘s sense of coherence and mother‘s coherence with a baby. 4. To assess the influence mother‘s sense of coherence and mother‘s baby coherence to the duration of breastfeeding. Methods of the study: Object of the research – mothers after their delivery and after six months. Method of the research – anonymous questionnaire survey. The research consisted of two stages. The first research was performed in the first week after the mother gave a birth to her baby, the second one – the same mothers 6 months after the baby was born. For the research, the mothers giving birth in Kaunas Medical University Hospital, Pr. Mazylis and Christian maternity home were chosen. In the first research, 493 mothers were surveyed. In the second research, 141 mothers were surveyed one more time. The response rate was 35.6%. Results: According to the data of the research, the average sum of points of the ranges of the SOC and the total SOC was higher of the mothers who had planned a baby than of these ones who had not planned a baby (p<0.001). The education influenced the ranges of comprehensibility of the SOC (p=0.006), the ranges of manageability (p=0.038) and the total scale of SOC (p=0.005). The... [to full text]

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The incidences of diarrhoeal episodes in infants and children have mostly been associated with the consumption of contaminated weaning foods. This is especially true in developing countries where factors such as the lack of sanitation systems and electricity have been found to contribute to an increase in the incidence of microbiologically contaminated weaning foods. The process of fermentation has been found to reduce the amount of microbiological contamination in such foods as a result of the production of antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids, peroxides, carbon dioxide and bacteriocins. In this study, microbiological surveys were conducted on sorghum powder samples and their corresponding fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples collected from an informal settlement of the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The process of fermentation was found to result in significant decreases (P>0.05) in Gram-negative counts and spore counts, while aerobic plate counts decreased slightly. Lactic acid bacteria counts, however, increased significantly (P>0.05). The cooking process was found to result in further significant decreases (P>0.05) in all counts. Sorghum powder samples and fermented porridge samples were found to be contaminated with potential foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli, however, none of the pathogens tested for were detected in any of the cooked fermented porridge samples. SDS-PAGE and phenotypic analysis of 180 lactic acid bacteria isolated from sorghum powder samples and their corresponding fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples showed that a majority of the isolates were lactobacilli and leuconostocs, however, some isolates were identified as pediococci and lactococci. These results demonstrated the heterogeneity of the lactic acid bacteria isolates that were associated with fermentation processes in this study. Of the lactic acid bacteria identified, Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains were found to have the highest distribution frequencies, being distributed in 87% and 73% of the households, respectively. Analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum (58) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (46) strains isolated from sorghum powder samples and corresponding fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples by AFLP fingerprinting showed that they originated from a common source, which was sorghum powder. There was, however, evidence of strains that may have been introduced at household level. Antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid bacteria was found to be mainly due to a decrease in pH in fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples. None of the lactic acid bacteria tested seemed to produce bacteriocins.