Por décadas a radiação infravermelha tem sido usada de forma estética e terapêutica, e é caracterizada por ter a propriedade de penetrar na pele. O surgimento de novas tecnologias permitiu a criação de têxteis funcionais, entre eles os tecidos contendo biocerâmica, que absorvem o calor do corpo, ativando a biocerâmica presente e emitindo raios infravermelhos longos, que penetram na pele ativando a microcirculação sanguínea. Porém, tecidos desse tipo só tiveram eficiência comprovada por testes clínicos, que são métodos caros e demorados, ou por analogia baseada no tipo de construção. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um método prático para medir a emissividade de tecidos contendo biocerâmica, utilizando um espectrofotômetro de raios infravermelhos, comparar a emissividade desses tecidos, além de realizar uma análise de fluorescência de raios X a fim de descobrir os elementos químicos presentes nos tecidos, para confirmar quaisquer diferenças de emissividade entre os mesmos. Concluiu-se que é possível medir a emissividade de tecidos contendo biocerâmica através do aquecimento das amostras, simulando a ação do tecido junto ao corpo, e posteriormente realizando ensaios em um espectrofotômetro de infravermelhos por transformada de Fourier, onde picos de emissão foram encontrados em cada tecido analisado, o que possibilitou o cálculo da emissividade (expressa em contagens de área) através do ajuste de uma curva gaussiana em cada pico de emissão. Através da fluorescência de raios X foram encontrados diferentes elementos químicos na composição das amostras, podem ser a causa da diferença de emissividade entre os tecidos / The infrared radiation has been used on aesthetic and therapeutic way for decades, and is characterized for being able to penetrate deeply underneath the skin. New technologies appeared, enabling the development of functional textiles, among them textiles containing bioceramics that absorb the body heat, activating the bioceramic on it and emitting far infrared rays, which penetrate into the skin, activating the blood microcirculation. However, the efficiency of this sort of fabrics was proven only by clinical tests, which are very expensive and time consuming, and by construction analogy. The main objective of this study was to develop a practical method for measuring fabrics containing bioceramics emissivity, using an infrared spectrophotometer, comparing the fabrics emissivity, besides doing an X ray fluorescence analysis in order to discover the chemical elements that composes the fabrics, to confirm any emissivity differences between them. It was concluded that it is possible to measure the emissivity of fabrics containing bioceramics by heating the samples, simulating the action of the fabric on the body, and subsequently performing tests on a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, where emission peaks were found on the fabrics, that enabled the emissivity calculation (expressed in area counts) by adjusting a Gaussian curve at each emission peak. By the X ray fluorescence different chemical elements were found on the fabrics composition, which can be the reason for the emissivity difference between them

Vápenaté fosforečnany jsou nejčastěji využívané keramické materiály v medicíně pro regeneraci kostní tkáně. Vápenaté fosforečnany jsou biokompatibilní, bioaktivní a mezi sebou se odlišují především rozpustností a související degradací v organismu, proto jsou nejčastěji využívány k regeneraci malých defektů nebo jako vrstvy na kovových implantátech. U již zmíněné rozpustnosti materiálu po implantaci, hraje důležitou roli poměr zastoupení jednotlivých vápenatých fosforečnanů, od kterého se pak odvíjí rychlost degradace materiálu v organismu. Tato práce se zabývá vlivem tvarovacích metod na mikrostrukturu a zejména fázové složení vápenatých fosforečnanů. Výchozím materiálem pro pozorování změn ve fázovém složení byl komerční hydroxyapatit, který byl upraven kalcinací při 800 °C po dobu jedné hodiny. Při kalcinaci došlo k vytvoření dvoufázové směsi, obsahující hydroxyapatit a -fosforečnan vápenatý. Tato dvoufázová směs byla poté využita pro přípravu suspenze s plněním 15 obj.%, a také k přímé přípravě polotovarů s různou výslednou mikrostrukturou a fázovým složením. S cílem zjistit vliv procesu byly v této práci porovnány vzorky připravené pomocí metod: freeze-casting, izostatické lisování za studena, uniaxiální lisování a suspenzní odlévání. U polotovarů a slinutých vzorků byla provedena charakterizace mikrostruktury a analýza fázového složení. V práci se potvrdil vliv tvarovací metody na oba stanovené parametry – mikrostrukturu a fázové složení. Nově pak bylo zjištěno, že se zvyšující se hodnotou porozity a velikostí pórů se zvyšuje i zastoupení hydroxyapatitu ve vzorcích. Tento trend byl pozorován u vzorků vykazujících unimodální i bimodální zastoupení velikosti pórů.

Orientador: Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos / Resumo: Os cimentos de silicatos de cálcio (CaSiO3) podem ser utilizados em tratamentos de reparo ósseo, tanto para aplicações médicas quanto odontológicas. A fim de atender às necessidades da engenharia de tecidos e aprimorar o leque de opções foram produzidos três cimentos de silicatos de cálcio utilizando α-wollastonita como precursora, juntamente com soluções ativadoras com potencial hidrogeniônico neutro, com três diferentes cátions, Na+, K+ e NH4+. A topografia superficial dos cimentos foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com canhão de emissão por campo (MEV-FEG). Estudos in vitro, in vivo, relacionados a capacidade de interação com microrganismos e testes biomecânicos foram realizados para avaliar a influência de diferentes soluções ativadoras de fosfato e carbonato nos cimentos produzidos. Nos testes in vitro foram utilizadas células mesenquimais provenientes de fêmures de ratos. Após períodos pré-determinados foram realizados os testes de viabilidade celular, conteúdo de proteína total (PT), atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e formação de nódulos de mineralização. Para análise da interação microbiana a formação dos biofilmes monotípicos de S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans foi mensurada. Posteriormente, os cimentos obtidos, a base de silicato de cálcio, foram submetidos ao estudo in vivo utilizando 20 ratos Wistars que passaram por procedimento cirúrgico para confecção de um defeito crítico de 3,0 mm nas tíbias direita e esquerda. Após a eutanásia, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Calcium silicate cements (CaSiO3) can be used in bone repair treatments, both for medical and dental applications. In order to meet the needs of tissue engineering and improve the range of options, three calcium silicate cements were produced using αwollastonite as a precursor, with an activating solution of neutral potential hydrogen ionic, made of three different cations Na+, K+ and NH4 +. A superficial topography of the cements was analyzed by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEMFEG). In vitro, in vivo studies related to the ability to interact with microorganisms and biomechanical tests were carried out to evaluate the influence of different phosphate and carbonate activating solutions in the cements produced. In in vitro tests, mesenchymal cells from rat femurs were used. After predetermined periods, cell viability tests, total protein content (PT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and formation of mineralization nodules were performed. For the analysis of microbial interaction, the formation of monotypic biofilms from S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans was measured. Subsequently, the obtained cements, based on calcium silicate, were subjected to an in vivo study using 20 Wistars rats that underwent a surgical procedure to make a 3.0 mm critical defect in the right and left tibiae. After euthanasia, the pieces were submitted to histological, histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical flexion test of three points. The data obtained were statisti... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Cílem disertační práce bylo připravit trojrozměrné biokeramické podpůrné systémy („skafoldy“), které by v budoucnu mohly pomoci při rekonstrukci a regeneraci poškozených kostních tkání. Porézní keramické pěny byly připraveny dvěma způsoby – replikační technikou a polymerizací in situ. Co se složení týče, byly studovány keramické materiály zejména na bázi oxidu hlinitého, zirkoničitého a kalcium fosfátů. Byl studován jednak vliv procesních parametrů jako je složení suspenzí a jejich viskozit, dále pak vliv tepelného zpracování na strukturu a výsledné vlastnosti připravených materiálů. U slinutých pěn byla pomocí rastrovací elektronové mikroskopie hodnocena zejména morfologie – velikost pórů, jejich propojenost a celková porozita, charakterizace mikrostruktury nebyla opomenuta. Dále bylo stanoveno fázové složení a pevnost v tlaku. Z biologických vlastností byla testována a diskutována bioaktivita a cytotoxicita materiálů. Disertační práce je členěna do několika částí. V literární rešerši je popsána stavba a vlastnosti kosti, požadavky kladené na kostní náhrady, výhody a nevýhody současně používaných materiálů a způsoby přípravy keramických pěn. Následuje experimentální část, kde byly nejprve studovány pěny připravené replikační technikou. Všechny takto vyrobené pěny měly propojené póry o velikostech 300 až 2000 m, celková porozita se pohybovala v rozmezí 50 – 99 %. Pevnost pěn na bázi kalcium fosfátů – 0,3 MPa (při celkové porozitě 80%) byla nedostatečná pro kostní náhrady, kde je požadována pevnost větší než 2 MPa. Kalcium fosfátové keramiky byly tedy zpevněny buďto inertním jádrem na bázi oxidu hlinitého nebo ATZ (oxidem zirkoničitým zhouževnatělým oxidem hlinitým). Dále byl přípraven částicový kompozit, ve kterým byl hydroxyapatit pojený oxidem křemičitým. Pevnost pěn se podařilo zvýšit až na více než 20 MPa. V poslední kapitole experimentální části byly studovány keramické pěny pěněné in situ, kde byly póry vytvářeny oxidem uhličitým unikajícím během reakce mezi diisokyanátem a polyalkoholem. Po vypálení polymerního pojiva měly pěny propojené póry o průměrné velikosti 80 až 550 m. Celková porozita se pohybovala v rozmezí 76 – 99%. Výhodou oproti replikační technice byly plné trámečky bez velké středové dutiny vznikající vypálením polymerní předlohy. Žádný ze studovaných materiálů nebyl pro buňky toxický, navíc všechny studované pěny vykazovaly bioaktivní chování. Z hlediska kostního tkáňového inženýrství se jako nejslibnější jeví kompozitní materiál zpevněný oxidem křemičitým.

<p>Electrochemical methods show great promise in the deposition of biocompatible coatings for biomedical applications with advanced functionality. Consequently, methods of creating coatings of bioactive materials, such as halloysite nanotubes (HNT), hydroxyapatite (HA), chitosan, hyaluronic acid (HYH), poly-L-ornithine (PLO) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) have been developed through the use of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The co-deposition of these materials are achieved at voltages ranging from 5 to 20 V on a 304 stainless steel substrate using suspensions of 0.5 and 1.0 gL^-1 biopolymer (chitosan, PAA, PLO, PLL) containing 0.3, 0.5 0.6, 1.0 and 2.0 gL^-1 bioceramic (HNT, HA). The resulting films were then investigated to further understand the kinetics and mechanics of deposition, determine their properties, and evaluate their suitability for physiological applications. The films were studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA/TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Linear Polarisation. The results indicate that film thickness, composition and morphology can be controlled and modified at will, and that the deposition of composite films, multilayer laminates and functionally graded films are possible.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Materiais biocerâmicos são constituídos por elementos encontrados normalmente no organismo e por esse motivo são empregados na área médica, principalmente para a fabricação de implantes dentários e aplicação ortopédica. A partir do tipo de ligação realizada com o organismo, o biocerâmico é classificado em inerte, reabsorvível e bioativo, sendo esse último dividido em vidro bioativo, hidroxiapatita e vitrocerâmico. O material vitrocerâmico exibe propriedades únicas devido a sua microestrutura específica, variedade de composições e propriedades mecânicas adequadas. Entre as possíveis composições, o sistema CaO-MgO-SiO2 exibe bioatividade devido a concentração de cálcio e silício que podem estimular os genes responsáveis pela proliferação de osteoblastos. A presença de magnésio eleva as propriedades mecânicas e a osteointegração devido a interações na superfície da cerâmica com os osteoblastos, possibilitando a formação de hidroxiapatita (HA) e consequentemente ligações diretas com o tecido vivo. Para este trabalho foram realizadas sínteses empregando sol-gel combinado com coprecipitação e sol-gel convencional, para comparação dos produtos obtidos. Os pós cerâmicos sintetizados foram caracterizados por DRX, MEV, BET e as cerâmicas foram testadas para determinação de bioatividade e citotoxicidade in vitro. A formação de HA na superfície das cerâmicas confirmou a bioatividade e observou-se que as amostras não são citotóxicas. Portanto, pôde-se concluir que a partir das metodologias aplicadas foi possível sintetizar pós cerâmicos que exibiram propriedades semelhantes, com potencial aplicação na área médica. / Bioceramic materials are constituted by elements normally found in the body and are therefore used in the medical field, mainly for the manufacture of dental implants and orthopedic application. From the type of binding performed with the organism, the bioceramic is classified as inert, resorbable and bioactive, the latter being divided into bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite and glass-ceramic. The glassceramic material exhibits unique properties due to its specific microstructure, variety of compositions and suitable mechanical properties. Among the possible compositions, the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system exhibits bioactivity due to the concentration of calcium and silicon that can stimulate the genes responsible for the proliferation of osteoblasts. The presence of magnesium increases the mechanical properties and the osseointegration due to interactions on the surface of the ceramic with the osteoblasts, allowing the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and consequently direct connections with the living tissue. In this work, syntheses were performed using sol-gel combined with coprecipitation and conventional sol-gel methods for comparison of the obtained products. The synthesized ceramic powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET, and the ceramics were submitted for tests of in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity. The formation of HA on the surface of the ceramics confirmed the bioactivity and no cytotoxicity was observed in the samples. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that using proposed methodologies it was possible to synthesize ceramic powders that exhibited similar properties, with potential application in the medical area.

Les changements sociétaux tels que la personnalisation de la médecine, ainsi que la volonté de mieux comprendre la biologie de l’os modifie notre approche de fabrication des biomatériaux. Ces derniers se doivent ainsi d’être sur-mesure, c’est-à-dire capables de répondre à une problématique particulière. Ceci implique plus précisément dans le cas qui nous intéresse, à savoir l’os, la maîtrise de leur architecture et de leur comportement en milieu biologique (e.g., biodégradabilité).Malgré leurs atouts incontestables pour ce domaine, les biocéramiques en hydroxyapatite (HA) restent cantonnées à des usages modestes (e.g., comblement de petits défauts) ; en cause, des propriétés de biodégradation, d’ostéoconduction ou encore d’ostéoinduction souvent inadaptées aux problématiques contemporaines. Pour pallier ces limitations, nous avons entrepris deux voies de modulation des propriétés biologiques de l’HA, une voie « chimique », basée sur l’incorporation d’ions carbonate dans la structure apatitique, et une voie « procédé », reposant sur le potentiel de la fabrication additive.Des poudres d’hydroxyapatites phosphocalciques carbonatées (CHA) ont été préparées. Les ions carbonate pouvant occuper les sites hydroxyle et phosphate de l’HA, une méthode de quantification sélective du taux de substitution sur chacun de ces sites a été mise au point. Cette méthode spectroscopique novatrice ouvre de nombreuses opportunités d’études appliquées et fondamentales des CHA, abordées dans ce manuscrit, et constitue également un outil qui pourrait se révéler précieux dans l’optique de mise sur le marché de dispositifs médicaux en CHA (e.g., norme ISO).Basé sur une technologie de fabrication additive, un procédé de fabrication de biocéramiques d’architecture complexe, reproductible, flexible, fiable, de haute précision ( 5 µm) et peu coûteux, a été développé et optimisé. Cet outil de fabrication a été mis en œuvre pour répondre à des questions biologiques à finalité fondamentale et thérapeutique. / The current approach to produce biomaterials tends to evolve due to societal change such as the development of personalized medicine or the eagerness to better understand bone biology. Hence, biomaterials, which specifications depends of their intended applications, have to be custom made. For bone tissue engineering, this implies to control the scaffold architecture and behaviour in a biological environment (e.g., biodegradability).Despite their indisputable qualities, the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics tend to be limited to basic applications (e.g. filling small defects) because of biodegradation, osteoconduction, or osteoinduction properties that do not match the actual needs. To exceed these limitations, we explored two modifications paths to tune HA biologic properties: a “chemical” approach based on incorporation of carbonate ions into apatitic structure, and a “process” approach, built around additive manufacturing singular potential.Carbonated phosphocalcic hydroxyapatites (CHA) powders were prepared. As carbonate ions may occupy HA hydroxyl and phosphate sites, a selective method to quantify their ratio in each site by IR spectroscopy has been developed. This innovative spectroscopic method opens numerous opportunities for applied and fundamental studies of CHA, but could also be considered as a precious standard for a future release of CHA medical devices (e.g. ISO norm).A cheap, flexible, robust and reliable manufacturing process based on an additive manufacturing technology has been developed and optimized, leading to the production of bioceramics with complex architectural features (accuracy  5 µm).This manufacturing process has been implemented in biological studies with fundamental and therapeutic purposes.

Les substituts osseux synthétiques servent au remplacement temporaire des tissus osseux, favorisent la formation, la croissance et la survie de l’os et sont biorésorbables. Aucun matériau monophasé ne remplissant complètement ces exigences, un matériau composite bioinspiré est une alternative possible. L’objectif de cette thèse était par conséquent d’étudier la synthèse et les propriétés de deux composites biocéramiques/biopolymères : des hydrogels physiques de chitosane minéralisés avec de l’apatite, et une hardystonite architecturée imprégnée par des hydrogels physiques de chitosane. Afin d’obtenir le premier matériau, deux approches ont été développées. La première a consisté à fabriquer des hydrogels physiques de chitosane puis à les minéraliser avec de l’apatite ; la formation de microcapillaires se produit avec des conditions de synthèse spécifiques, et les précipités d’apatite ont été trouvés uniquement à la surface des hydrogels. La seconde approche consiste à convertir des suspensions homogènes contenant le phosphate de calcium et le chitosane en hydrogels de chitosane minéralisés par l’apatite. Les suspensions ont été préparées soit avec un mélange simultané, soit avec des mélanges successifs de suspensions phosphates de calcium avec les solutions de chitosane. Des agrégats minéraux plus petits avec une distribution plus uniforme ont été formés avec la méthode des mélanges successifs. Cela est attribué à une meilleure homogénéité, une viscosité plus faible et l’absence de chitosane. De manière générale, trois paramètres influencent les propriétés mécaniques d’hydrogels de chitosane minéralisés : la base utilisée pour la gélification (déterminant la vitesse de gélification : une grande vitesse conserve l’enchevêtrement des chaînes, résultant en une meilleure élasticité) ; la densité de la réticulation physique (cela induit un module de conservation plus important) et la force ionique (qui mène au désenchevêtrement des chaînes de chitosane, donc, à un faible module de conservation). Cette compréhension a permis l’utilisation de ces suspensions de phosphate de calcium-chitosane en tant qu’encre pour l’impression 3D. Les hydrogels de chitosane et les hydrogels minéralisés ne sont pas cytotoxiques. Pour fabriquer le second matériau, une encre pré-céramique a été imprimée en 3D puis frittée pour former une céramique d’hardystonite cristalline. Les scaffolds d’hardystonite ont été imprégnés par la solution de chitosane, converties ensuite en hydrogels physiques de chitosane. A plus forte concentration de chitosane, la viscosité de la solution était plus grande et l’imprégnation de la matrice plus lente. Avec une vitesse de gélification plus importante, qui dépend de la base utilisée pour la gélification, la perte de poids est plus faible pendant la gélification. L’hydrogel de chitosane a partiellement rempli les pores participant au support de charges externes et à la dissipation d’énergie par rupture. / Bone substitutes, an approach to attend social demand for bone healing and reparation, are temporary replacements of bone tissue, promote bone formation and growth and finally are bioresorbed. No single material meets these requirements; an alternative is a bioinspired composite material. The objective of this thesis was thus to study the synthesis and properties of two bioceramics/biopolymer composites: chitosan physical hydrogels mineralized with apatite and hardystonite scaffolds impregnated with chitosan physical hydrogels. To obtain the first material, two strategies were developed. The first one consisted in the fabrication of chitosan physical hydrogels and its subsequent mineralization with apatite; the formation of micro-capillaries occurred under particular synthesis conditions, and apatite precipitates were found only on the surface of hydrogels. The second strategy consisted in a simultaneous conversion of chitosan-calcium phosphate suspensions into chitosan-apatite hydrogels. The suspensions were prepared by sequential or simultaneous mixing of calcium and phosphate suspensions with chitosan solutions. Smaller and more uniformly distributed mineral aggregates were formed following sequential mixing, attributed to higher homogeneity, lower viscosity and no-presence of chitosan. This enabled the use of these chitosan-calcium phosphate suspensions as inks for 3-D printing. In general, three factors impacted the mechanical properties of mineralized chitosan hydrogels: the base used for gelation (determining the gelation rate: a higher rate preserved chain entanglement, resulting in higher elasticity); the density of physical crosslinks (hence a higher storage modulus) and the ionic strength (that led to chitosan chain disentanglements, thus, low storage modulus). Chitosan hydrogels and mineralized hydrogels were not cytotoxic, having no deleterious effects on osteoblasts proliferation. To fabricate the second material, pre-ceramic ink was 3-D printed and then sintered to form crystalline hardystonite ceramic. Hardystonite scaffolds were impregnated with chitosan solution that was, next, converted to chitosan physical hydrogel. At higher chitosan concentration, viscosity of solution was higher and scaffold impregnation was lower. At higher gelation rate, which depend on base used for gelation, lower weight loss during gelation. Chitosan hydrogel partially filled the pores contributing to bearing of external loads and to energy dissipated by fracture.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-18T18:02:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINA BRASIL MARCELINO FOOK - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCMat 2008..pdf: 7663913 bytes, checksum: 64b5bf9a06563efc6a355578e171b98e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-18T18:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINA BRASIL MARCELINO FOOK - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCMat 2008..pdf: 7663913 bytes, checksum: 64b5bf9a06563efc6a355578e171b98e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Atualmente na área de biomateriais destinados à regeneração óssea, existe um interesse no desenvolvimento de materiais capazes de estimular a resposta biológica necessária para restabelecer as funções do tecido ósseo em caso de perda, falta ou mau funcionamento. A hidroxiapatita (HA, Caio(P04)6(OH)2) que apresenta semelhança com a fase mineral dos ossos e dos dentes, é biocompatível e osteocondutiva, e tem excelente afinidade química e biológica com os tecidos ósseos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver biocerâmicas porosas para regeneração óssea utilizando a técnica réplica da esponja polimérica. Foram utilizadas esponjas de poliuretano com densidades variadas para a obtenção dos suportes porosos. Os resultados de espectroscopia no infravermelho e difração de raios X revelaram a formação da HA monofásica e confirmaram a eficiência da reação de neutralização utilizada na obtenção da pasta cerâmica. As análises por microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelaram suportes com poros interconectados com tamanhos variados na ordem de macro (>100um) e microporosidade (1-20um) em menor ou maior grau dependendo da densidade da esponja utilizada na produção das amostras. Estes resultados foram comprovados pela análise de porosimetria de mercúrio. Os suportes porosos HAPU-28 destacaram-se por apresentar maior porosidade total em comparação com os suportes produzidos com esponja de menor densidade (HAPU-20 e HAPU-25). Os resultados apontam os suportes porosos de HA desenvolvidos nesse estudo como materiais em potencial para aplicação como substitutos ósseos por apresentarem alta porosidade (>70%), composição química, interconectividade e tamanhos dos poros adequados à regeneração óssea. / Currently in the area of biomateriais destined for bone regeneration, exists an interest in the development of materiais capable to stimulate the biological reply necessary to reestablish the functions of the bone tissue in loss, lack or bad functioning case. The hydroxyapatite (HA, Caio(P04)6(OH)2) that shows similarity with the mineral phase of bone and teeth, it is biocompatible and osteoconductive, and has excellent chemical and biological affinity with the bone tissue. This study aimed to develop porous bioceramics for bone regeneration using the replica of the polymeric sponge technique. Polyurethane sponges were used with varying densities to obtain the scaffolds. Results of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the HA monophasic and confirmed the efficiency of the neutralization reaction used in obtaining the slurry ceramics. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy revealed scaffolds with interconnected pores with different sizes on the order of macro and microporosity to a lesser or greater degree depending on the density of foam used in the production of samples. These results were proven by the analysis of the mercury porosimetry. The porous scaffold HAPU28 detached by showing higher total porosity compared to scaffold produced with sponge of lower density (HAPU-20 and HAPU-25). The results indicate the porous HA scaffolds developed in this study as potential materiais for application as bone substitutes to have high porosity (> 70%), chemical composition, interconnectivity and pore sizes appropriate to the bone regeneration.

No description available.