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Civilkurage ombord på fartyg : Faktorer som påverkar studentens agerande när hen bevittnat trakasserier, mobbning eller kränkande särbehandling ombord på fartyg. / Moral courage onboard a ship : Factors that effects a student’s behaviour onboard a ship when he or she witnesses a situation when an individual is being bullied, harassed or is a victim to abusive treatment.Johansson, Adam, Sekulic, Aleksandra January 2024 (has links)
Denna studie belyser de faktorer som påverkar en students agerande ombord på ett fartyg när studenten bevittnar en situation där en individ ombord blir mobbad, trakasserad eller utsatt för kränkande särbehandling. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka faktorer som påverkat studenten när hen har bevittnat mobbning, trakasserier och/eller kränkande särbehandling. Studien har utgått från semistrukturerade intervjuer med studenter från Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. Dessa studenter har genomgått hela eller större delen av sin fartygsförlagda praktik. Respondenternas erfarenheter har bidragit till en tydlig bild kring detta problemområde. Resultatet visar att hierarki var den största bidragande faktorn som påverkade studentens agerande när hen bevittnat mobbning, trakasserier eller kränkande särbehandling. Resultatet visar också att trakasserier ombord på fartyg ofta beror på kulturella skillnader. / This study brings up factors that effects a student’s behaviour onboard a ship when he or she witnesses a situation when an individual is being bullied, harassed or is a victim to abusive treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that effected a student when he or she witnessed bullying, harassment or/and abusive treatment. This study has been based on semi structured interviews with students from the Maritime University in Kalmar. These students have completed all or most of their ship-based practice. The respondents’ experiences have contributed to a clear picture of this problem area. The result showed that hierarchy was the biggest factor that effected a student’s behaviour when he or she had witnessed bullying, harassment, or abusive treatment. The result also shows that harassment onboard a ship often happens because of cultural differences.
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The Nature of a Wooden Boat: Boat - House - AnalogyHarris, Kyle Hunter 27 June 2019 (has links)
This work seeks to explore the nature of a wooden boat and how a boat's design and construction can influence the building of a house. It is a search for a structure that bears a memory of a boat and celebrates the craft and care of which boats are built.
The house is located on the north side of a secluded reservoir in the Northwest Georgia mountains. It is raised up on and supported by a structure that is reminiscent of the way a keel of a boat supports and connects the boat together. This structure extends out from the house to a small shelter for a boat over the water. On the interior, heavy frames support and give shape to the thin shell of the house. Their repetition encourages a view of the boat and its shelter. The house itself is thought of as a vessel, a place that provides a sense of holding, of protecting and keeping safe, and of strength. / Master of Architecture
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Évaluation de l’effet des vagues de bateau sur les conditions hydrauliques près des berges en milieu fluvialPéloquin-Guay, Mathilde 09 1900 (has links)
Les vagues de bateau ajoutent une pression supplémentaire sur les berges de rivières et doivent être considérées dans les modèles de prédiction des taux de recul des berges. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle des vagues de bateau sur l’écoulement et le transport en suspension le long des berges en milieu fluvial. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous utilisons un transect perpendiculaire à la berge de quatre courantomètres électromagnétiques (ECMs) mesurant deux dimensions de l’écoulement et deux turbidimètres (OBSs) placés dos à dos, orientés vers la berge et le large pour mesurer les conditions moyennes et turbulentes de l’écoulement longitudinal et vertical ainsi que les flux de sédiments en suspension provoqués par les vagues. Une chaloupe à moteur de 16 pieds, équipée d’un moteur 40 hp, a été utilisée afin de générer des vagues. Nous avons mesuré l’effet de trois distances à partir de la berge (5, 10, 15 m) et trois vitesses de bateau (5, 15 et 25 km/h) et cinq répliques de chaque combinaison de distance et de vitesse ont été réalisées, totalisant 45 passages. Nous avons caractérisé la variabilité des conditions d’écoulement, de vagues et de transport de sédiments et nous avons réalisé des analyses spectrales afin de séparer les portions oscillatoire et turbulente de l’écoulement généré par les vagues de bateau. L’effet de la distance et de la vitesse du bateau sur le transport de sédiments est non-linéaire et la réponse sédimentaire induite par les passages de bateau montre une variabilité importante entre les répliques et les deux sondes OBS, ce qui suggère un changement morphologique induit par les vagues de bateau. Les corrélations entre les variables d’écoulement et de transport montrent l’importance des relations entre le cisaillement et la puissance de la portion turbulente de l’écoulement avec le transport de sédiments. Cette étude a permis de quantifier les relations entre la dynamique des vagues et les flux de concentrations de sédiments en suspension, ce qui représente une contribution importante au développement de mesures de mitigation dans les environnements fluviaux où les berges sont fragilisées par le trafic plaisancier. / Boat induced waves generate additional stress on banks and should be included in bank erosion predictive models. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of boat generated waves on near bank flow in a fluvial environment. We used a longitudinal array of four bi-directional eletromagnetic current meters (ECMs) perpendicular to the bank and two optical backcattering sensors (OBSs) set back to back, one facing the river
bank (inner looking) and the other towards the river (outer looking) to measure mean and turbulent properties of the horizontal and vertical flow velocities and suspended sediment fluxes generated by the waves. The waves were generated using a 16 ft long boat equipped with a 40hp motor. The effect of three different distances between the bank and sailing line (5, 10, 15 m) and of three different speeds of the vessel (5, 15 and 25 km/h) was evaluated. Five replicates of each combination of distance and speed were realized for a total of 45 passages. Variability of flows conditions, wave characteristics and turbidity properties were characterized and spectral analyses were performed to separate oscillatory and turbulent flow induced by boat generated waves. An important variability in suspended sediment response to the passages of boat wave is observed between replications and the effect of speed and distance of sailing line is nonlinear. It was often unbalanced between the inner and outer looking OBS suggesting that the bank changed its morphology. Cross-correlation between hydraulic and turbidity variables show the significance of the relation between shear stress and suspended sediment transport variables. This study provides quantitative relations between wave dynamics and plumes of suspended sediment that could help to develop mitigation measures in fluvial environments where vessel traffic represents a major issue for bank erosion and retreat.
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Évaluation de l’effet des vagues de bateau sur les conditions hydrauliques près des berges en milieu fluvialPéloquin-Guay, Mathilde 09 1900 (has links)
Les vagues de bateau ajoutent une pression supplémentaire sur les berges de rivières et doivent être considérées dans les modèles de prédiction des taux de recul des berges. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle des vagues de bateau sur l’écoulement et le transport en suspension le long des berges en milieu fluvial. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous utilisons un transect perpendiculaire à la berge de quatre courantomètres électromagnétiques (ECMs) mesurant deux dimensions de l’écoulement et deux turbidimètres (OBSs) placés dos à dos, orientés vers la berge et le large pour mesurer les conditions moyennes et turbulentes de l’écoulement longitudinal et vertical ainsi que les flux de sédiments en suspension provoqués par les vagues. Une chaloupe à moteur de 16 pieds, équipée d’un moteur 40 hp, a été utilisée afin de générer des vagues. Nous avons mesuré l’effet de trois distances à partir de la berge (5, 10, 15 m) et trois vitesses de bateau (5, 15 et 25 km/h) et cinq répliques de chaque combinaison de distance et de vitesse ont été réalisées, totalisant 45 passages. Nous avons caractérisé la variabilité des conditions d’écoulement, de vagues et de transport de sédiments et nous avons réalisé des analyses spectrales afin de séparer les portions oscillatoire et turbulente de l’écoulement généré par les vagues de bateau. L’effet de la distance et de la vitesse du bateau sur le transport de sédiments est non-linéaire et la réponse sédimentaire induite par les passages de bateau montre une variabilité importante entre les répliques et les deux sondes OBS, ce qui suggère un changement morphologique induit par les vagues de bateau. Les corrélations entre les variables d’écoulement et de transport montrent l’importance des relations entre le cisaillement et la puissance de la portion turbulente de l’écoulement avec le transport de sédiments. Cette étude a permis de quantifier les relations entre la dynamique des vagues et les flux de concentrations de sédiments en suspension, ce qui représente une contribution importante au développement de mesures de mitigation dans les environnements fluviaux où les berges sont fragilisées par le trafic plaisancier. / Boat induced waves generate additional stress on banks and should be included in bank erosion predictive models. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of boat generated waves on near bank flow in a fluvial environment. We used a longitudinal array of four bi-directional eletromagnetic current meters (ECMs) perpendicular to the bank and two optical backcattering sensors (OBSs) set back to back, one facing the river
bank (inner looking) and the other towards the river (outer looking) to measure mean and turbulent properties of the horizontal and vertical flow velocities and suspended sediment fluxes generated by the waves. The waves were generated using a 16 ft long boat equipped with a 40hp motor. The effect of three different distances between the bank and sailing line (5, 10, 15 m) and of three different speeds of the vessel (5, 15 and 25 km/h) was evaluated. Five replicates of each combination of distance and speed were realized for a total of 45 passages. Variability of flows conditions, wave characteristics and turbidity properties were characterized and spectral analyses were performed to separate oscillatory and turbulent flow induced by boat generated waves. An important variability in suspended sediment response to the passages of boat wave is observed between replications and the effect of speed and distance of sailing line is nonlinear. It was often unbalanced between the inner and outer looking OBS suggesting that the bank changed its morphology. Cross-correlation between hydraulic and turbidity variables show the significance of the relation between shear stress and suspended sediment transport variables. This study provides quantitative relations between wave dynamics and plumes of suspended sediment that could help to develop mitigation measures in fluvial environments where vessel traffic represents a major issue for bank erosion and retreat.
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Fyziologická odezva závodníků lodní třídy Fireball při modelovém závodu v okruhovém jachtingu / Physiological response of competitors Fireball dinghy class in the model sailing race.Lambl, David January 2012 (has links)
Title: Physiological response of competitors Fireball dinghy class in the model sailing race. Objectives: The main intention of the thesis is to detect the physical demands (difficulties) of sailing boat race categorized as Fireball double crew. The variables of physiological response to the load of competitors recorded are being measured using simulated race under laboratory conditions. At that point, this opportunity enabled us to carry out further comparisons and examine the physical demands of individual post at various directions of wind. Methods: The entire investigation of detecting physiological functions of competitors will be carried out noninvasively throughout the simulation of sailing using metabolic analyser tool and sport tester. From the feedback, we will obtained figures and originate the physiological response of human body to the load. Due to the investigation is being implemented on the double crew boat Fireball; both competitors (crew/helmsman) performing different tasks will be simulated and examined individually. Simulated race will last 24 minutes and competitors will have to face different wind courses, precisely cruising upwind, crosswind and tailwind. Results: From the measured results, we can state that most of the time during simulated race, the performance of racers...
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[en] TOXICITY IN BOATBUILDING: A DESIGN PROPOSAL THROUGH BUILDING METHODS / [pt] A TOXIDADE NA INDUSTRIA NAVAL: UMA PROPOSTA DE DESIGN A PARTIR DE TÉCNICAS CONSTRUTIVASJOAO RIVERA MONTEIRO 09 May 2019 (has links)
[pt] Os materiais e processos atualmente utilizados pela indústria naval na construção de embarcações de lazer em materiais compósitos apresentam diversos riscos à saúde do trabalhador. Resinas, tintas e vernizes liberam vapores tóxicos durante sua cura num processo que pode durar até sete dias. O presente trabalho,
de maneira prática, buscou adaptar técnicas consagradas a materiais inovadores no estudo de processos produtivos alternativos, onde o contato do trabalhador com substâncias tóxicas fosse mitigado. Num primeiro momento procurou-se entender as propriedades das fibras e resinas de origem vegetal e seu potencial no desenvolvimento de materiais compósitos, bem como o estado da arte em que se encontravam as pesquisas correlatas no LILD (Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design da PUC-Rio). Em seguida, rabalhou-se no desenvolvimento de painéis em sanduíche laminados a vácuo. Por fim, as etapas se concatenam na construção de uma pequena embarcação a vela. Durante o processo construtivo e o convívio laboratorial buscou-se estabelecer relações com os métodos e materiais convencionais, situando a pesquisa mais no campo da técnica do que em um estudo puro da resistência dos materiais. Acreditamos que as características de trabalho são tão importantes quanto a resistência do material, principalmente quando se atua diretamente no processo construtivo. Desta forma, procuramos por materiais disponíveis e técnicas de simples implementação, com um mínimo de investimento em infra-estrutura e mão de obra, em busca de uma embarcação confiável. Técnicas de trabalho com materiais compósitos foram testadas devido as características do projeto da embarcação, uma canoa outrigger a vela: colagem, hand lay-up e laminação a vácuo. Os resultados foram promissores, traduzidos numa
embarcação robusta e, ainda assim, leve e graciosa. / [en] Composite boatbuilding methods used nowadays represent several risks to worker s health. Resins, hardeners and varnishes liberate toxic organic vapors in the curing process that can take up to 7 days. The present work tried in a practical approach to adapt innovative materials with standard building methods in the research for an alternative productive process that can mitigate workers exposure to toxic substances. At first, we focused on understanding the properties of natural fibers and castor oil polyurethane resins and their potential possibilities on the development of composite materials, as well as understanding the state-of-art of correlated researches at LILD (living design free investigation laboratory). Afterwards, we developed vacuum bagged sandwich composite panels with the studied materials, which finally were used to build of a small sailing craft. Several issues were brought to debate during workshop cooperative work. Establishing connection with conventional boatbuilding methods showed the research was about technique
instead of material resistance. We believe that the practical daily construction needs are as much important as the material resistance itself, especially if you aim to work directly on the building process. With that in mind we went for available materials and simple low cost technologies in the search for a reliable boat.
Several composite materials techniques were tested due to the boat s project characteristics (an outrigger sailing canoe): bonding, hand lay-up, vacuum bagging etc. Results were promising, shown on a robust yet light and graceful vessel.
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O saber e fazer da comunidade tradicional caiçara da praia do Bonete na IlhabelaMoreira, Sílvia 05 June 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-05 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research was developed inside a traditional fishing community located in
region of Praia do Bonete, city of Ilha Bela, State of São Paulo, South Coast of
Brazil. Such community is composed of fishermen and boatmen and it is considered
an isolated area, since the only way to reach it is by sea or through a 13 KM route
along the forest. This community was chosen because it has been living out of social
conditioning patterns that are known as part of the whole civilizing model. This
research main goal is to describe the surviving and transcendence aspects of this
Praia do Bonete fishing community regarding its main daily activities and cultural
approach. This research was based on the Etnomathematics Theory that studies the
ways to explain and to understand natural and socio-economic contexts in different
time and space perspectives. The qualitative descriptive research has some
anthropological studies aspects which application is the ethnography of the contact
between different cultures inside a dynamic cultural context. This research proposes:
to observe this independent community knowledge production process, to study its
cultural diffusion process, to research how they produce boats, its main religious and
social habits and to identify its life and mathematical processes / A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na comunidade tradicional caiçara da
Praia do Bonete, em Ilhabela, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. É uma comunidade
de canoeiros e pescadores considerada isolada, já que o lugar só é acessível por
uma trilha de 13 km, ou pelo mar.
A escolha de tal comunidade se deu pelo fato de a vida ali acontecer fora
dos padrões sociais condicionantes daquilo que, não faz muito tempo, era conhecido
como único modelo de civilização.
A pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as manifestações de sobrevivência
e transcendência da população local nos seus aspectos cotidianos e culturais. Para
isso, buscamos fundamentação teórica na Etnomatemática, que estuda as várias
maneiras de explicar e entender os distintos contextos naturais e socioeconômicos
diferenciados no tempo e no espaço.
A pesquisa descritiva qualitativa possui algumas das características dos
estudos antropológicos, cuja prática é a etnografia dos efeitos do contato da cultura
com outras culturas no âmago do seu dinamismo. A proposta é observar a produção
de conhecimento surgida da necessidade que a comunidade tem de se estabelecer
de modo independente, e, nessa dinâmica de produção de conhecimento, estudar o
processo de difusão dessa cultura, pesquisar como são construídas suas canoas,
anotar seus hábitos e rituais religiosos, fazendo emergir as matemáticas produzidas,
e ainda descrever o processo de vida do povo boneteiro
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Boat preference and stress behaviour of Hector's dolphin in response to tour boat interactionsTravis, Georgia-Rose January 2008 (has links)
Dolphins are increasingly coming into contact with humans, particularly where tourism is involved. It has been assumed that such contact causes chronic stress on dolphin populations. This study examined relatively naive populations of Hector's dolphins and their interaction with various watercrafts. Dolphins in New Zealand have been observed using theodolites and boat-based observations over the last two decades, particularly on the east side of the South Island at Akaroa, which is situated on the coast line of Banks Peninsula. This research was undertaken using shore-based theodolite tracking to observe boat activity around the coast of Lyttelton and Timaru and their associated Harbours. Observations were made mostly over two periods each of six months duration and included the months October through to March during the years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. Observations made during a third period in 2005 were also incorporated for some of the analyses. Field investigations using a theodolite included more than 376 hours/site/season and recorded dolphin behaviour both with and without the presence of tour boats. Of primary interest were the tours, which ran regular trips to observe Cephalorhynchus hectori in their natural habitat. Hector's dolphins at both Lyttelton and Timaru were consistently observed with particular boat types and not with other types of water craft. Dolphins at Timaru exhibited a greater range of behaviours than those at Lyttelton. Stress-related behaviours such as an increase in swimming speed to open ocean and grouping behaviour were only observed in the presence of boats. Other potential stress behaviours, such as head slaps and repeated tail slaps, were only performed in the absence of boats. Observations implied that some generic dolphin behaviours, which often indicate stressed individuals may not apply to Hector's dolphins, and therefore question the assumption that all dolphin species behave in similar ways. We suggest that low-level tourist boat activity is not placing undue stress on the population. In addition to theodolite observations, tour boat based observations of Hector's dolphin were undertaken and behaviour at each site recorded for a focal animal. Tour boat-based observations concentrated on determining any preference to bow, stern, portside and starboard sides of the vessel. Dolphins consistently showed a preference in direction of approach and departure from tour vessels with a strong tendancy to the bow of the boat, and least with the stern. These results were similar irrespective of site or vessel. Behaviour data were also collected from tour boat vessels over 48 trips/season/site and the data divided into transitional behaviour groups, which included stress behaviours, association / interaction behaviour and neutral behaviour. Behavioural count and time data were collected to reflect the number of times and duration of behaviour occurrence, particularly in relation to transitional behaviours. Determining the presence of stress in Hector's dolphins varied between the data sets and indicated that time is a necessary factor when attempting to determine whether an individual or a general population is genuinely stressed. Quadrant preference and swimming direction in relation to the Black Cat were observed over six years, and both count and time data were collected with regard to behaviour. The results were consistent with preference in quadrant being expressed towards the bow of the boat and least with the stern. The count data suggested no significant impact on Hector's dolphin behaviour in the presence of the Black Cat over time, where time data indicated there was a transition over the years from neutral behaviour in the second year of tour boat activity, to positive behaviour in the third year of boat-activity and finally avoidance behaviour in the seventh year of tour boat activity at Lyttelton Harbour in response to the presence of the Black Cat.
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Den gotländska Stridsyxekulturen : migration, interaktion eller regionalitet? / The Gotlandic Battle axe culture : Migration, interaction or regionality?Palmgren, Erik January 2014 (has links)
This one-year master's thesis investigates the late part of the Middle Neolithic on the island of Gotland. This thesis has been written without the influence of a singular theoretical pespective, and has therefore seen input from the processual, and postprocessual theories. By using several perspectives, an attempt is made to view the material remains used in the most objective manner possible. The specific aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the Mid-Neolithic inhabitants of Gotland were a part of the Corded Ware culture (or as it is called in Sweden, the Battleaxe culture or the Boataxe culture). Most recent literature has concluded that Gotland was never a part of the Battlexe culture, though this thesis has discovered many parallels with the mainland culture, including the production of similar objects and ritual practices. There are indications that the Gotlandic culture also integrated traits from several other coastal regions of the Baltic Sea, something most Battle Axe settlements did not. After investigating all the data that have been linked with the Battleaxe culture, this thesis concludes that the people on the island of Gotland were not fully assimilated to the Battleaxe culture, but were approaching the culture in both a material and ritual aspects. This leaves the conclusion that the Gotlandic culture towards the end of the Middle Neolithic was somewhat of a hybrid.
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Oxford, the Thames and leisure : a history of Salter Bros, 1858-2010Wenham, Simon Mark January 2012 (has links)
This thesis is an examination of the history of Salter Bros Ltd and the firms connected with it. Founded in 1858, it became not only one of the most important businesses associated with the recent history of the Upper Thames, but also a significant employer in Oxford. The study takes a thematic approach, which involves examining the five main areas of the firm’s commercial activities, which were: providing services for the sport of rowing (chapter 1), boat-building (chapter 2), boat-letting (chapter 3), passenger boat operating (chapter 4) and property development (chapter 5). This thesis draws on the firm’s archive, which has previously been unavailable to scholars. The mainly quantitative data from the archive is contextualised by reference to wider qualitative sources, although there is not always much comparative information to draw on. Finally, it focuses on the evolution of the workforce, which shows how the business managed to survive both the impact of the industrialisation of Oxford in the twentieth century and some of the challenges associated with family firms (chapter 6). By examining the areas shown above, the work sheds light on our understanding of (1) the socio-economic context of Oxford and the Thames, (2) the development of different forms of water-based leisure, and (3) how a family firm overcame some of the classic weaknesses of such businesses. Chapter 1 analyses the contribution that the firm made to the sport of rowing. The family moved to a riverside tavern in the mid-1830s and this resulted in heavy involvement with the rowing scene. They made a successful transition from professional oarsmen to successful racing boat-builders, which led to John and Stephen Salter moving to Oxford to start their own business in 1858. By exploiting the strong local rowing scene they built their firm up to be the market leader in the 1860s. Supplying craft for the Oxford and Cambridge (university) boat race was important for helping the business gain worldwide fame and, although Salters’ lost the ascendency in the 1870s, it provided a wide range of services for the sport until the second half of the twentieth century. It then slowly became divorced from the rowing scene and, despite a brief renaissance in the 1970s, the company finally bowed out of racing boat construction at the end of the 1980s. Chapter 2 explores the development of the boat-building side of the business. The firm was a major producer of craft and it was especially busy in the late 1920s and late 1970s, when new products helped to stimulate demand. By examining four areas of expertise (steel manufacturing, motorised boats, corporation craft and fibreglass construction) it becomes clear that the business was relatively slow to embrace new technology. Yet although it was not particularly innovative, Salters’ successfully exploited a number of emerging markets, like supplying craft for council-run boating lakes from the 1920s onwards. After a period of decline in the 1960s, the firm’s boat-building department was briefly revived by the introduction of fibreglass construction in the following decade, although this brought to an end skilled craftsmanship in the industry. Salters’ had to be flexible in order to survive, as is shown by the contract work it took on during the two World Wars, but in the second half of the twentieth century the firm’s focus moved away from boat-building towards providing leisure services. Chapter 3 examines the nature and timing of the rise of pleasure boating on the Thames and Salters’ role in promoting it. The railway destroyed much of the carrying trade on the river, but the waterway gained a new lease of life by the rise of leisure activities on it. Different types of boating were popular at different times and certain waterside locations were busier than others, but it is possible to discern short-term peaks in pleasure boating on the Upper Thames, as a whole, in the early 1890s and either side of the First World War (although the river became busier still after the Second World War). There were many factors contributing to the rise of leisure on the waterway, but Salters’ helped to popularise ‘the Thames trip’ between London and Oxford, which was linked to the growth of camping. The firm’s fortunes were also closely tied to the local market and by the late 1880s it had one of the largest fleets of rental craft in the country. Salters’ had to diversify according to changing fashions in pleasure boating, but after the 1920s there was a slow reduction in the number of craft it operated, until it stopped boat-letting altogether in the early 1990s – although this side of the business was revived a decade later, albeit on a smaller scale. Chapter 4 explores the firm’s involvement with passenger services on the waterway. The long-distance steamboat trips took much longer to become established on the Upper Thames, because of the logistical problems caused by having to pass through locks. Salters’ was the first business to make a success of running between Oxford and Kingston and it did this by forging a close association with the railway, which opened up the river to the day-trip market, and by building up its fleet to establish a monopoly over the long-distance journey. The service had to overcome many challenges, but one of the most serious problems it faced was the growth in pleasure boating after the Second World War. Although passenger numbers on the steamers peaked in the 1970s, general traffic on the river also reached record levels, which caused significant delays and forced the firm to end the through-service between Oxford and Kingston. Furthermore, by catering for the growing demand for shorter round trips Salters’ was drawn into direct competition with other companies that were already focused on this market. By the end of the twentieth century, the firm was no longer dominating the waterway and it was heavily reliant on income from both its home city of Oxford and private parties. Chapter 5 examines the extent and significance of the property the firm came to occupy. Salters’ acquired many new properties in order to expand the business and the firm’s success also enabled it to accumulate residential accommodation, which was part of the employment package offered to its staff, as well as being a source of rental income. The commercial sites were useful for preventing competitors from encroaching on the firm’s territory, whilst they were also subsequently used for further development. Most importantly, the property was a reservoir of capital that Salters’ relied upon in times of financial hardship. Chapter 6 focuses on how the workforce evolved in the twentieth century, which sheds light on how the business survived both the industrialisation of Oxford and some of the challenges associated with family firms. Salters’ went from being an employer with a highly skilled and local workforce to one that had fewer specialised craftsmen and which recruited mainly from outside the city. This was symptomatic of the city’s employment market that had been transformed by the motor industry in the interwar period, as well as the firm’s greater focus on its passenger boats, which was connected with it. Salters’ had to be flexible to accommodate the changes, but it was unable to compete with the high wages offered in the car factories and a shortage of local labour meant that it not only struggled to retain employees, particularly its skilled craftsmen, but standards of discipline also deteriorated. Nevertheless, the impact of wage competition was mitigated by the firm’s paternalism and the considerable appeal of working on the passenger boats. The latter offered an enjoyable lifestyle that was very different from the working environment of other waterway communities. The Salter family also played an important part in the survival of their company.
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