The transportation industry stands for a big chunk of the worlds total carbon emissions. To counter this problem electric vehicles are seen as a good solution. However, these vehicles come at a greater cost and do not offer the same range as their less environmentally friendly counterpart. To lessen costs and development time when optimizing electric vehicles, simulations of the vehicles functionality can be utilized. One way of getting such simulations is to design a digital twin of the physical system. A digital twin is able to mimic the functionality of the physical system and can therefore offer well based indications of how a change in design will change the performance in reality. In this thesis a digital twin of the cooling system of an electric boat is designed with realistic results. Cooling systems in the scope of electric vehicles are of grave importance since the electric driveline becomes hot during use which can hinder performance of the vehicle. This is especially true for the high voltage batteries that tend to have quite a narrow range of temperatures within which performance is optimal. This thesis handles an attempt at optimizing the cooling system, replicated by the digital twin, by the use of a temperature predictive model. Three different machine learning models were tested and the resulting best model achieved a mean absolute error of 2.4 and a mean average percentage error of 5.7. However, the model was unable to foresee sudden temperature spikes and drops. A possible fix, that could not be tested in this thesis, would be to implement further input data such as driver profiles and/or GPS data with speed limits. / Transportindustrin står för en stor del av världens totala koldioxidutsläpp. För att motverka detta problem ses elfordon som en bra lösning. Dessa fordon kommer dock till en högre kostnad och erbjuder inte samma räckvidd som deras mindre miljövänliga motpart. För att minska kostnader och utvecklingstid vid optimering av elfordon kan simuleringar av fordonens funktionalitet användas. Ett sätt att få sådana simuleringar är att designa en digital tvilling av det fysiska systemet. En digital tvilling kan efterlikna det fysiska systemets funktionalitet och kan därför erbjuda välbaserade indikationer på hur en förändring i design kommer att förändra prestandan. I detta examensarbete designas en digital tvilling av kylsystemet i en elbåt med realistiska resultat. Kylsystem i elfordon är av stor betydelse eftersom den elektriska drivlinan blir varm under användning, vilket kan hindra fordonets prestanda. Detta gäller särskilt för högspänningsbatterierna som tenderar att ha ett ganska smalt temperaturintervall för optimal prestanda. Denna avhandling behandlar ett försök att optimera kylsystemet, replikerat av den digitala tvillingen, genom att använda en temperaturförutsende modell. Tre olika maskininlärningsmodeller testades och den resulterande bästa modellen uppnådde ett genomsnittligt absolut fel på 2.4 och ett genomsnittligt procentuellt fel på 5.7. Modellen kunde dock inte förutse plötsliga temperaturspikar och -fall. En möjlig fix, som inte kunde testas i denna avhandling, skulle vara att implementera ytterligare indata såsom förarprofiler och/eller GPS-data med hastighetsbegränsningar.

The design and functionality of the controls inside a boat helm are a big part of the user experience for operators. This master thesis focuses on the boat helm and the equipment from Volvo Penta placed in it. The aim is to present solutions to user’s problems revealed from interviews and look at future technology that will change the helm station. This project has been conducted in cooperation with Volvo Penta vehicle controls department. The project was conducted following a four-phase project plan with the phases learn, ideate, build, and launch. The learn phase focused on gaining state of practice information about today’s situation, using interviews to understand the stakeholders and benchmarking to understand the current marine market. The learn phase also focused on state of the art research to learn about future technologies. The ideate phase consisted of creative workshops to ideate around the findings from the learn phase. These ideas or concepts were then prototyped using a 3D printer and evaluated at a prototype evaluation during the build phase. The launch phase finalized the project by implementing the feedback from the prototype evaluation and visualizing the final concepts, highlighting the problems that were found and presenting design opportunities. The outcome of this project is several concepts presenting design opportunities for Volvo Penta when creating the next generation helm. Such as a scroll wheel joystick placed on the throttle, a driving-oriented joystick, and a modular button panel with both visual and haptic buttons. The outcome also presents information about handling increased automation/autonomy gathered from the theoretical framework and the prototype evaluation. / Designen på kontrollerna och instrumenten i förarmiljön för båtar spelar en stor roll för användarupplevelsen. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på förarmiljön i båtar och de instrument av Volvo Penta som finns inom den. Målet är att presentera lösningar till användarproblem som funnits genom intervjuer och undersöka framtida teknologi som kan förändra förarmiljön. Projektet har gjorts i samarbete med Volvo Penta vehicle controls. Projektet följde en projektplan på fyra delar; learn, ideate, build and launch. Learn fasen fokuserar på att samla information kring dagens situation genom användarintervjuer och analysera framtida teknik som måste tas i åtanke. Ideate fasen innehöll kreativa workshops för att skapa idéer kring de problem som hittats i learn fasen. I build fasen användes en 3D printer för att skapa prototyper och dessa testades på en prototyp utvärdering. Projektet avslutades med launch fasen som implementerade feedback från prototyp utvärderingen och visualiserade det slutgiltiga koncepten. Dessa koncept visar på det problem som funnits och på design möjligheter för hur dessa kan förbättras. Projektet resulterade i konceptuella instrument som visar de problem och möjligheter som kommer finnas i nästa generations förarmiljö. Dessa resultat var joystick vinkelgivare placerad på gasreglaget, en joystick inriktad för körning och en modulär knappanel med visuella och haptiska knappar. Information gällande hantering av automatisering och mer autonom körning från den teoretiska referensramen och prototyp utvärderingen presenteras även.

A journey begins with an act.  To move one's body/mind from one place to another. The planning of where, when and how to get there.  Expectations of what to come, before, during and after. In my thesis I turn to the notions we encounter when experiencing space. Through the bodies movement we shift our perspectives, leaning our eyes on surroundings of change, we mediate what is perceived. Telling us the story of where we have been and where we are heading to.  The fragile surface of the lace cloth covering the sunlight shine in my grandmothers kitchen window had to me an unfamiliar texture and its yellowing white colour brought a time from another generation. Drinking weak silver tea and sitting next to this curtain formed a tactile memory of constant. I don´t remember any other details from those days, other than the taste of the tea and the atmosphere created by the lace. When, during a journey in unknown lands several years after, I again saw this lace covering a window I remembered not the situation nor the tea but a sort of comfort. A memory of carrying both my past and present.  The memory of space is created both in the past and the present but also when we leave, as we remember and recall it. How do we interpret what is a part of our past, present and future? And where is the real/unreal memory of space created?  To investigate these notions I placed my self in a sort of somewhere! On the border between reality? and utopia. In an constant journey of bodies from familiar to unknown. In a place where perception of space pass through movement and time. In an journey of memory and imagination. In a cruise boat.

This thesis seeks to interpret the cinematic representations of Hong Kongers’ identity quest during a transitional state/stage related to the sovereignty transfer. The Handover transition considered is an ideological one, rather than the overnight polity change on the Handover day. This research approaches contemporary Hong Kong cinema on two fronts and the thesis is structured accordingly: Upon an initial review of the existing Hong Kong film scholarship in the Introduction, and its 1997-related allegorical readings, Part I sees new angles (previously undeveloped or underdeveloped) for researching Hong Kong films made during 1982-2002. Arguments are built along the ideas of Hong Kongers’ situational, diasporic consciousness, and transformed ‘Chineseness’ because Hong Kong has lacked a cultural/national centrality. This part of research is informed by the ideas of Jacques Derrida, Homi Bhabha and Stuart Hall, and the diasporic experiences of Ien Ang, Rey Chow and Ackbar Abbas. With these new research angles and references to the circumstances, Part II reads critically the text of eight Hong Kong films made during the Handover transition. In chronological order, they are Boat People (Hui, 1982), Song of the Exile (Hui, 1990), Days of Being Wild (Wong, 1990), Happy Together (Wong, 1997), Made in Hong Kong (Chan, 1997), Ordinary Heroes (Hui, 1999), Durian Durian (Chan, 2000), and Hollywood Hong Kong (Chan, 2002). They meet several criteria related to the undeveloped / underdeveloped areas in the existing Hong Kong film scholarship. Hamid Naficy’s ‘accented cinema’ paradigm gives the guidelines to the film analysis in Part II. This part shows that Hong Kongers’ self-transformation during transition is alterable, indeterminate, and interminable, due to the people’s situational, diasporic consciousness, and transformed ‘Chineseness’. This thesis thus contributes to Hong Kong cinema scholarship in interpreting films with new research angles, and generating new insights into this cinematic tradition and its wider context.

Parc marin du Saguenay - Saint-Laurent, Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins, GREMM, excursions aux baleines, bélugas, Tadoussac, règlementation, ArcCatalog, ArcMap. / L'important volume des excursions de bateaux touristiques liées aux activités d'observation en mer des mammifères marins (AOM) dans le Parc marin Saguenay-Saint-Laurent (PMSSL) pourrait avoir un impact négatif sur la santé des baleines qui fréquentent cette région de l’estuaire du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Cette situation a poussé les gestionnaires du Parc à désirer un outil d'information et de gestion pour mieux suivre l’évolution des AOM. Le présent mémoire décrit la conception de cet outil en proposant un modèle de l'excursion et des activités d'observation qui sert à l’élaboration d’une base de données. En s’appuyant sur le concept de la trajectoire spatiotemporelle, utilisée pour l'étude du comportement de déplacement basé sur l'activité, et sur le concept de l'objet mobile, développé en géomatique, notre modèle de données permet de reproduire graphiquement les trajectoires des excursions et l'enchaînement des activités qui ont lieu au cours de celles-ci. Le modèle est orienté objet et implanté dans une Geodatabase, une base de données relationnelle exploitable par le système d'information géographique (SIG) ArcGIS. Les objets de la base de données sont créés à partir des données de trois années de suivi des AOM réalisés par le Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins (GREMM). Nous montrons que le SIG peut exploiter la base de données de façon à répondre correctement aux besoins en information exprimés par les gestionnaires et que la représentation informatique des excursions sous la forme de trajectoires spatiotemporelles ouvre de nouvelles avenues de recherche sur les patrons d’activités et le comportement de déplacement des bateaux. / The considerable volume of commercial boat trips associated with whale-watching activities (WWAs) in the Saguenay-Saint-Laurent National Marine Park (PMSSL) may have negative impacts on the health of the whales visiting the Saint-Lawrence River estuary. This situation has led park officials to seek an appropriate information management system in order to better monitor WWAs. This paper contributes to the design of such a tool by modeling excursion patterns of WWAs, resulting in a database. Based on the space-time path concept used for the study of activity-based travel behavior as well as the mobile-object geomatical concept, our data-model enables us to plot the trajectories of the excursions and the sequence of activities taking place during those excursions. The model is object-oriented and built into a Geodatabase (an ArcGis-processable relational database). The objects in the database are based on data collected by the Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (GREMM) during a three-year WWA monitoring program. Finally, this report demonstrates that geographic information systems can be effectively used to process the database in a way that serves the needs of park officials, and that the representation of excursion data in a GIS opens up new avenues for research on the space-time pattern of observation activities and the travel behavior of boats.

A planing catamaran is a high-powered, twin-hull water craft that develops the lift which supports its weight, primarily through hydrodynamic water pressure. Presently, there is increasing demand to further develop the catamaran's planing and seakeeping characteristics so that it is more effectively applied in today's modern military and pleasure craft, and offshore industry supply vessels. Over the course of the past ten years, Vorus (1994,1996,1998,2000) has systematically conducted a series of research works on planing craft hydrodynamics. Based on Vorus' planing monohull theory, he has developed and implemented a first order nonlinear model for planing catamarans, embodied in the computer code CatSea. This model is currently applied in planing catamaran design. However, due to the greater complexity of the catamaran flow physics relative to the monohull, Vorus's (first order) catamaran model implemented some important approximations and simplifications which were not considered necessary in the monohull work. The research of this thesis is for relieving the initially implemented approximations in Vorus's first order planing catamaran theory, and further developing and extending the theory and application beyond that currently in use in CatSea. This has been achieved through a detailed theoretical analysis, algorithm development, and careful coding. The research result is a new, complete second order nonlinear hydrodynamic theory for planing catamarans. A detailed numerical comparison of the Vorus's first order nonlinear theory and the second order nonlinear theory developed here is carried out. The second order nonlinear theory and algorithms have been incorporated into a new catamaran design code (NewCat). A detailed mathematical formulation of the base first order CatSea theory, followed by the extended second order theory, is completely documented in this thesis.

近年因社會經濟產業結構轉變，擇業態度改變，漁船工作具危險性且相較於陸上工作待遇及福利之優勢不再，再加上「少子化」因素，國人從事漁船工作意願低落，外來船員逐漸成為補充漁業勞動力來源，尤其大陸船員語言及文化習慣與國人相近，頗受我國漁船主青睞，惟我國漁船主境外僱用大陸船員陸續所衍生的問題，在漁船主、民間團體及漁政主管機關努力下，終於98年12月22日第四次江陳會談簽署「海峽兩岸漁船船員勞務合作協議」可望獲得解決。 大陸船員引進機制在我國不開放陸勞前提下，維持「境外僱用、境外作業、過境暫置」原則，但就入出國管理角度觀之，大陸船員現行以搭乘兩岸直航客船來臺再搭專車接駁至其他漁港作法，卻與實質入境無異，本研究透過各地區漁船主對大陸船員引進機制意見調查，瞭解漁船主對現行大陸船員引進機制的看法，並藉以提出大陸船員引進機制之建議。 / In the recent years, the industrial structure of social economics has transformed, people’s attitudes of career choice have changed, and the pays and benefits of dangerous works on fishing boats are no longer better than those of works on land. Plus the factor of “low birthrate”, people are not willing to do works on fishing boats in Taiwan. Foreign crew members have graduate become the source of supplementary labors in the fishing industry. Crew members from Mainland China are similar to Taiwanese in the aspects of language and cultural habits. Therefore, they are very preferred by fishing boat owners in Taiwan. However, there have been many issues caused by Taiwanese fishing boat owners hiring crew members from Mainland China. With the efforts put in by fishing boat owners, non-governmental organizations, and fishery management authorities, these issues are expected to be resolved after the “Cross Strait Fishing Boat Crew Affairs Cooperation Agreement” was signed in the Fourth Chen-Chiang Summit on 2009/12/22. Under the premise of not opening up labor from Mainland China, the “offshore employment, offshore operation, and temporary transit arrangement” principle is maintained for the mechanism of Mainland China crew employment. However, in the aspect of entry and exit control, the practice of crew members from Mainland China taking cross-strait direct passenger ships to Taiwan and going to fishing ports by special buses is no difference from actually entering Taiwan. This study explored fishing boat owners’ opinions on the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members through surveys to find out their viewpoints and provide suggestions regarding the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members.

Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι ο σχεδιασμός και η κατασκευή του ηλεκτρικού κινητηρίου συστήματος ενός ηλεκτροκίνητου σκάφους. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μία σειρά από τεχνικές επεμβάσεις ώστε να μετατραπεί ένα απλό σκάφος σε ηλεκτροκίνητο. Στην εποχή μας τα ηλεκτροκίνητα σκάφη και η ηλεκτρική πρόωση αποτελούν τμήμα των ηλεκτροκίνητων μέσων μεταφοράς. Τα ηλεκτροκίνητα μέσα μεταφοράς αποτελούν πιθανή λύση στην συνεχώς αυξανόμενη ζήτηση στον τομέα των μεταφορών καθώς και στα ενεργειακά και περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα που αυτή προκαλεί. Ο υψηλός βαθμός απόδοσης των ηλεκτρικών κινητήρων και των ηλεκτρονικών μετατροπέων ισχύος, το υψηλό επίπεδο ελέγχου μέσω των ηλεκτρονικών μετατροπέων ισχύος που προσφέρει ευκινησία σε ένα σκάφος, η έλλειψη θορύβου-διαταραχών και η απουσία ρύπανσης μας οδηγούν στη χρήση των ηλεκτροκίνητων σκαφών και της ηλεκτρικής πρόωσης όλο και περισσότερο στις μέρες μας. Στη συγκεκριμένη εφαρμογή για πρακτικούς λόγους αλλά και για λόγους ασφάλειας οδηγηθήκαμε στην επιλογή κινητήρα συνεχούς ρεύματος (Σ.Ρ.) μονίμου μαγνήτη χαμηλής τάσης 24V. Αυτό έχει ως αποτέλεσμα υψηλή τιμή ρεύματος για την επίτευξη της απαιτούμενης ισχύος 1,5 kW . Για αυτό το λόγο σχεδιάστηκε και κατασκευάστηκε ο ηλεκτρονικός μετατροπέας υποβιβασμού συνεχούς τάσης σε συνεχή με διαδοχική αγωγή τεσσάρων κλάδων, ο οποίος έχει τη δυνατότητα διαχείρισης υψηλών τιμών ρεύματος και είναι ιδανικός για τέτοιου είδους εφαρμογές. Ο συγκεκριμένος μετατροπέας αποτελείται από 4 παράλληλους κλάδους, λειτουργεί στην συνεχή αγωγή και υποβιβάζει την τάση των 36V σε 0-24V για τον έλεγχο των στροφών του κινητήρα, ο οποίος έχει ονομαστικό ρεύμα 78A. Ο μετατροπέας εξετάστηκε αρχικά μέσω της εξομοίωσης χρησιμοποιώντας το λογισμικό PSpice και στη συνέχεια πειραματικά πραγματοποιώντας μία σειρά από δοκιμές και μετρήσεις. Από τις δοκιμές, παρατηρούμε ότι ο βαθμός απόδοσης του μετατροπέα διαδοχικής αγωγής που κατασκευάστηκε, κυμαίνεται γύρω στο 95%, άρα είναι μια καλή λύση στην οδήγηση κινητήρων συνεχούς ρεύματος (Σ.Ρ.) χαμηλής τάσης (υψηλού ρεύματος). Τέτοιοι κινητήρες χρησιμοποιούνται σε πληθώρα εφαρμογών ηλεκτροκίνητων μέσων μεταφοράς. Η καθέλκυση του ηλεκτροκίνητου σκάφους και οι δοκιμές που πραγματοποιήθηκαν στη θάλασσα, δίνουν σαφή εικόνα των πλεονεκτημάτων της ηλεκτρικής πρόωσης. / The object of this diploma thesis is the designing and the construction of an electric drive system for an electric boat. A number of technical interventions were made to transform a simple boat to an electrically driven boat. In our days the electric boats and the electric propulsion in general constitute a part of the electric transportation. The electric transportation may be a possible solution in the continuously increasing demand in the sector of transports as well as in energy and environmental problems that this causes. The high efficient electric machines and power electronic converters, the high control level of power electronics that offers manoeuvrability in a ship, the lack of noise - disturbance and the absence of pollution lead us to use electric boats and electric propulsion more and more in our days. In our application for practical and safety reasons we were led to the choice of a low voltage permanent magnet direct current (DC) motor. This is resulting to a high value of current to get the nominal power of 1.5 kW. For this reason an interleaved four – channel dc/dc converter was designed and constructed which has the ability to control high currents and is ideal for such type applications. The particular converter is constituted by 4 parallel channels, it is working in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and it degrades the voltage of 36V to 0-24V for the control of the rpm of the dc propulsion motor which its full load current is 78A. Firstly a number of simulations made via PSpice program and also a number of experiments to see how the converter is working. The experiments shows that the efficiency of the interleaved converter of the application is about 95%, so it is a good solution for driving low voltage – high current dc motors. Such types of electric motors are used in many electric transportation applications. The launching of the boat and a number of sea tests shows us the advantages electric propulsion has.

L'important volume des excursions de bateaux touristiques liées aux activités d'observation en mer des mammifères marins (AOM) dans le Parc marin Saguenay-Saint-Laurent (PMSSL) pourrait avoir un impact négatif sur la santé des baleines qui fréquentent cette région de l’estuaire du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Cette situation a poussé les gestionnaires du Parc à désirer un outil d'information et de gestion pour mieux suivre l’évolution des AOM. Le présent mémoire décrit la conception de cet outil en proposant un modèle de l'excursion et des activités d'observation qui sert à l’élaboration d’une base de données. En s’appuyant sur le concept de la trajectoire spatiotemporelle, utilisée pour l'étude du comportement de déplacement basé sur l'activité, et sur le concept de l'objet mobile, développé en géomatique, notre modèle de données permet de reproduire graphiquement les trajectoires des excursions et l'enchaînement des activités qui ont lieu au cours de celles-ci. Le modèle est orienté objet et implanté dans une Geodatabase, une base de données relationnelle exploitable par le système d'information géographique (SIG) ArcGIS. Les objets de la base de données sont créés à partir des données de trois années de suivi des AOM réalisés par le Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins (GREMM). Nous montrons que le SIG peut exploiter la base de données de façon à répondre correctement aux besoins en information exprimés par les gestionnaires et que la représentation informatique des excursions sous la forme de trajectoires spatiotemporelles ouvre de nouvelles avenues de recherche sur les patrons d’activités et le comportement de déplacement des bateaux. / The considerable volume of commercial boat trips associated with whale-watching activities (WWAs) in the Saguenay-Saint-Laurent National Marine Park (PMSSL) may have negative impacts on the health of the whales visiting the Saint-Lawrence River estuary. This situation has led park officials to seek an appropriate information management system in order to better monitor WWAs. This paper contributes to the design of such a tool by modeling excursion patterns of WWAs, resulting in a database. Based on the space-time path concept used for the study of activity-based travel behavior as well as the mobile-object geomatical concept, our data-model enables us to plot the trajectories of the excursions and the sequence of activities taking place during those excursions. The model is object-oriented and built into a Geodatabase (an ArcGis-processable relational database). The objects in the database are based on data collected by the Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (GREMM) during a three-year WWA monitoring program. Finally, this report demonstrates that geographic information systems can be effectively used to process the database in a way that serves the needs of park officials, and that the representation of excursion data in a GIS opens up new avenues for research on the space-time pattern of observation activities and the travel behavior of boats. / Parc marin du Saguenay - Saint-Laurent, Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins, GREMM, excursions aux baleines, bélugas, Tadoussac, règlementation, ArcCatalog, ArcMap.

Ce mémoire explore le rôle de la satire dans les quatre romans canadiens suivants : The apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (1959) et Barney's version (1997) de Mordecai Richler ainsi que Why rock the boat (1961) et The underdogs (1979) de William Weintraub. Ayant pour objectif de démontrer que ces deux auteurs, qui se servent des approches satiriques contrastantes, sont des innovateurs dans la tradition satirique canadienne à cause de leur regard sur des préoccupations urbaines et minoritaires, cette étude examine dans un premier temps les aspects de la société montréalaise qui sont des objets de satire dans Why rock the boat et The apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. Ensuite, ce mémoire étudie la façon dont ces auteurs mitigent leurs réponses au nationalisme québécois dans The underdogs et Barney's version afin de produire une vision satirique qui critique le mouvement souverainiste, mais s'avère sympathique à la langue et la culture des franco-québécois.