El presente trabajo de investigación, evalúa los aspectos generales del proyecto, plan de marketing, operaciones y la viabilidad economía y financiera para la producción de bolsas biodegradables de cáñamo, a continuación, se describe los aspectos más importantes del estudio: Planteamiento estratégico: se detalla la situación actual en el que se lleva a cabo el proyecto en el nivel socio cultural, económico y político, estos son favorables para el proyecto siendo la principal razón que se pueden producir diferentes productos con menores costes energéticos a base del cáñamo, debido a que esta enfocada al desarrollo sostenible y medioambiental. Investigación de mercado: se determina las metodologías de investigación de mercado y la validación de las hipótesis, asimismo se evalúa las tendencias y patrones de usos y costumbres del consumidor. Plan de marketing: se detalla el tamaño del mercado, la segmentación y el posicionamiento del producto, resulta 58 empresas a las que Biohemp puede vender el producto. Plan de operaciones: se plantearon las políticas operacionales tanto en calidad, procesos, planificación e inventarios, se determina la ubicación del local, la capacidad instalada y la distribución de las instalaciones, por último, se detalla la estructura de costos de producción y gastos operativos. Por último, Plan económico-financiero: se estima la inversión de S/ 408,014 para comenzar las operaciones, que se recuperan en 3 años y 10 días con ROI de 35,2%. El análisis de sensibilidad resulta favorable para el proyecto para las diferentes variables evaluadas. / This research paper evaluates the general aspects of the project, marketing plan, operations and the economic and financial viability for the production of biodegradable hemp bags, the most important aspects of the study are described below: Strategic approach: the current situation in which the project is carried out at the socio-cultural, economic and political level is detailed, these are favorable for the project being the main reason that different products can be produced with lower energy costs based on the Hemp, because it is focused on sustainable and environmental development. Market research: market research methodologies and hypothesis validation are determined, and trends and patterns of consumer uses and customs are also evaluated. Marketing plan: the market size, segmentation and product positioning are detailed, resulting in 58 companies to which Biohemp can sell the product. Operations plan: operational policies were raised both in quality, processes, planning and inventories, the location of the premises, the installed capacity and the distribution of the facilities are determined, finally, the structure of production costs and operating expenses is detailed. Finally, Economic-Financial Plan: the investment of S / 408,014 is estimated to begin operations, which are recovered in 3 years and 10 days with ROI of 35.2%. The sensitivity analysis is favorable for the project for the different variables evaluated. / Trabajo de investigación

Lagos State in Nigeria is faced with the massive problem of waste from plastic bags which causes the yearly flooding displacing thousands of residents and causes diseases like malaria. Plastic bags which became popular because of their versatility, affordability and durability have now become a major source of environmental degradation requiring the use of more environmentally friendly alternatives like Jute, woolen bags, and biodegradable types of plastic. The Nigerian legislature proposed a plastic bag prohibition bill to reduce the manufacture and use of plastic bags with fines and time behind bars which is Nigeria’s first attempt at managing the menace of single-use plastic bags. The goal of this study is to determine reasons for the continued use of plastic bags to contribute to better management of plastic bags waste. It further investigates the available alternatives and willingness of the residents of Lagos to embrace some alternatives to plastic bags. Anonymous online surveys were distributed across social media platforms and interviews involving shop owners described as “givers” who are off social media in this study was carried out. Responses from both quantitative and qualitative sources have been analyzed using the Nvivo software and connection circles have been developed to describe feedbacks within the system. Results showed that the lack of alternatives and convenience are the biggest reasons for the continued use of plastic bags in Lagos, Nigeria. The results further show that the proposed bill has not made provision of alternatives to plastic bags and incentives for manufacturers of plastic bags revealing poor public participation in policy-making of this nature. Overall, respondents have indicated a willingness to embrace alternatives to plastic bags and have mentioned that the situation is worsened by poor waste management in the state. Recommendations included more extensive research into the use of plastic bags with a bigger sample size with both online and offline platforms. This could encourage effective public participation in policy-making important for creating useful nudges in behavioural change in the shift from plastic bags.

In this thesis we provide a theoretical framework for a dichotomous-choice contingent valuation survey for plastic and reusable shopping bags and consequential analysis of that data. By using interval regression analysis, a mean willingness to pay for continued use of plastic grocery bags and a mean willingness to accept to use reusable bags for all grocery shopping trips are estimated. The subsidy level was statistically robust while the tax level was not; this led us to the conclusion as cited from previous studies that people are very elastic to a plastic bag tax, and consequently a small tax provides tremendous consumptive declines.

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This paper takes a deeper look into how children's literacy development can be supported at home. Specifically, the paper examines the use of home literacy bags that are directed towards the students' specific needs by exploring their family background and home literacy environment. First, I explored the research on family perceptions of literacy, children's perceptions of literacy, home literacy practices, and home-school literacy partnerships in a literature review. Next, I created a literacy-based curriculum consisting of ten home literacy bags. This paper outlined a home-school literacy intervention in my future classroom. The information was obtained from my junior and senior student teaching internship as well as professional journal articles. I created home literacy bags in order for future teachers to use with their students when working and focusing on phonemic awareness. The bags are designed to fit each student's interests or needs in order to increase their literacy motivation and engagement. My findings consisted of a greater understanding of the specific language needed in order to properly connect with each student. While creating each home literacy bag, I found that dense language was very prevalent and needed to be written in a way that the audience would properly understand the message. This thesis provides ten home literacy bags focusing on a variety of topics, including children's books, backgrounds, and technology. Students are impacted by the materials provided to them as well as their own environment.

<p> The net ecosystem CO2 exchange and Sphagnum net primary production of an abandoned block-cut bog were measured in the field and in the laboratory using gas exchange techniques. Environmental variables were measured concurrently. Seasonal Sphagnum growth and decomposition were determined using crank wires and litter bags.</p> <p> The bog was a net source of CO2 during the summer months. While, Sphagnum did grow over the study period, the Sphagnum net primary production was offset by peat respiration. Sphagnum net primary production and net ecosystem CO2 exchange at the abandoned block-cut bog are within the ranges found for natural peatlands.</p> <p> Sphagnum photosynthesis was greatest at wet sites and at the start and end of the study period when the water table was higher and the temperature was cooler. Ericaceous shrub cover strongly affected Sphagnum growth. Sites with vascular plant cover photosynthesized at approximately twice the rate of sites where cover was removed.</p> <p> Laboratory results indicate that drying and wetting cycles negatively affect Sphagnum net primary production and net ecosystem CO2 exchange. Sphagnum and peat respiration increased 4 to 14 fold upon rewetting whereas Sphagnum photosynthesis did not recover until 20 days of saturation.</p> <p> The results emphasize the importance of stable moisture availability for the development of a new acrotelm. The peatland will likely remain a source of CO2 until the acrotelm is able to counterbalance the peat respiration.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Food and media have become two popular aspects in todays society. The growing interest and commitment of food has resulted in companies offering prepared food bags that can be delivered to your doorstep. This study examines how the two companies ICAs matkasse and Linas matkasse use Instagram as a way to strengthen their external communication. By illustrating the communication through a recipient perspective and a content analysis, this study brings knowledge about organizations use of Instagram. The theory used as a basis for this study are mainly Kevin Lane Keller’s customer-based brand equity, communication theories such as Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding and semiotic theories such as Roland Barthes mythology. The methods used were a qualitative content analysis to establish the brand equity of each organization, and focus group interviews to identify factors for customer perceptions on Instagram. The results of the study show that both the organizations studied used some posts on Instagram that were misinterpreted by the interview subjects. Other posts had great pictures, but the text didn't always match up, which led to the post being misleading. Linas matkasse tried to connect to their recipients, while ICAs matkasse had a more professional feeling and mostly advertised their products. The conclusions were that both organizations need to know their audience better and connect with them more by using a more interactive approach on Instagram. / Mat och media engagerar allt mer i dagens samhället, det växande intresset för mat har resulterat i att organisationer erbjuder matkassar som kan levereras direkt till din dörr. Den här studien undersöker hur de två organisationerna ICAs matkasse och Linas matkasse använder Instagram för att stärka sin externa kommunikation. Genom att belysa kommunikationen ur ett mottagarperspektiv och en innehållsanalys, bidrar denna studie med kunskaper kring hur organisationer använder sig av Instagram. De teorier som använts är framförallt Kevin Lane Kellers kundbaserade varumärkesvärde, kommunikationsteorier så som Stuart Halls kodning/avkodning och semiotiska teorier så som Roland Barthes mytologi. Metoderna som använts är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att etablera varumärkesvärdet hos vardera organisation, och fokusgruppsintervjuer för att identifiera mottagarnas uppfattningar på Instagram. Resultaten av studien är att båda organisationerna som undersökts använder inlägg på Instagram som misstolkades av intervjudeltagarna. Andra inlägg hade bra bilder med dålig koppling till texten vilket ledde till att inläggen var missvisande. Linas matkasse försökte skapa en relation med sina mottagare, medan ICAs matkasse hade en mer professionell känsla och främst marknadsförde sina produkter. Slutsatserna var att båda organisationerna behöver vara mer medvetna om vilka deras mottagare är och interagera med dem genom att använda ett mer interaktivt förhållningssätt på Instagram.

<p>Date: 6/16/2008</p><p>Institution: School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Mälardalen University, Västerås (Sweden)</p><p>Authors:</p><p>Brüning, Andrea</p><p>830111</p><p>Västerås</p><p>Curtolo,Anna</p><p>820517</p><p>Västerås</p><p>Tutor: Tobias Eltebrandt</p><p>Title: A Study of Switch Pac: what would be the efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand and capitalize on green attitudes and behavior in the Swedish market?</p><p>Problem: What would be the efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand and capitalize on green attitudes and behavior in the Swedish market?</p><p>Purpose: The aim of our project is to see the potential of Switch Pac’s oxo-biodegradable plastic bags on the Swedish market by capitalize on green attitudes and behaviour.</p><p>Method: The report is based on primary data collected through questionnaires (end consumer/ B2B customers). For the investigation of Switch Pac’s macro- and microenvironment secondary data was used (books, journals, newspaper and the Internet)</p><p>Conceptual Framework: The conceptual framework consists of certain models to investigate the following topics:</p><p>Consumer behavior</p><p>AIDA-Model</p><p>STP-Model</p><p>Switch Pac´s business environment</p><p>PESTEL</p><p>Conclusion/ Recommendations: In our conclusion based on our frameworks PESTEL, AIDA and STP we concluded that peoples’ awareness regarding environmental friendly plastic bags are not very high based on our questionnaire. The efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand is to target the customer in the age range from 20 – 49 years and cooperate with supermarkets and (department) stores. Furthermore, Switch Pac needs to position its products in the consumers mind through create brand awareness by using certain elements of the marketing mix model.</p>

Date: 6/16/2008 Institution: School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Mälardalen University, Västerås (Sweden) Authors: Brüning, Andrea 830111 Västerås Curtolo,Anna 820517 Västerås Tutor: Tobias Eltebrandt Title: A Study of Switch Pac: what would be the efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand and capitalize on green attitudes and behavior in the Swedish market? Problem: What would be the efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand and capitalize on green attitudes and behavior in the Swedish market? Purpose: The aim of our project is to see the potential of Switch Pac’s oxo-biodegradable plastic bags on the Swedish market by capitalize on green attitudes and behaviour. Method: The report is based on primary data collected through questionnaires (end consumer/ B2B customers). For the investigation of Switch Pac’s macro- and microenvironment secondary data was used (books, journals, newspaper and the Internet) Conceptual Framework: The conceptual framework consists of certain models to investigate the following topics: Consumer behavior AIDA-Model STP-Model Switch Pac´s business environment PESTEL Conclusion/ Recommendations: In our conclusion based on our frameworks PESTEL, AIDA and STP we concluded that peoples’ awareness regarding environmental friendly plastic bags are not very high based on our questionnaire. The efficient ways for Switch Pac to increase potential demand is to target the customer in the age range from 20 – 49 years and cooperate with supermarkets and (department) stores. Furthermore, Switch Pac needs to position its products in the consumers mind through create brand awareness by using certain elements of the marketing mix model.

Frontal Protection Systems (FPS) have become a popular accessory for passenger vehicles. They are used to protect the front of a vehicle during minor impacts, and to attenuate the impact energy during major impacts. With the increased safety of modern passenger vehicles, the fitment of a FPS to a vehicle requires careful consideration to the design and installation of the FPS as they may modify vehicle crush characteristics. This is particularly important in vehicles fitted with air bags. These community and industry concerns triggered the research discussed in this thesis, which is the first comprehensive project undertaken in this particular area. This project generated comprehensive research knowledge on the impact response and energy absorption of FPS in order to evaluate performance. This involved a range of experimental testing supplemented by finite element analysis. Experimental testing was conducted using quasi-static and dynamic techniques to assess the overall performance of current FPS available. Finite element models were then generated and analysed using both implicit and explicit techniques, and calibrated against the experimental testing results. These models were used throughout the project to assess the FPS response, in particular the energy absorbed, to changes in impact characteristics. FPS assessment guidelines were developed from the knowledge generated from the numerous FPS tests and analyses carried out in this research project. These guidelines have been used in the design and evaluation of a number of FPS for airbag compatibility. The real life performance of vehicles fitted with these FPS, have given confidence to the assessment criteria developed in this research project. This project has demonstrated that FPS can be designed to complement the safety systems of modern passenger vehicles, and thus passenger safety. This would not have been possible without the comprehensive research carried out in this project.