The main objective of this work is to perform inter-company comparison of five banking institutions using the single - and multi-criterial criterial methods in the period before and after the Global financial krizi.Na main objective ties secondary objective, which is concerned with the financial stability of the financial sector in the Czech Republic on the basis the results of stress tests performed by the Czech national Bank.

El propósito del presente trabajo es determinar la relación entre las acciones de promoción de venta ahondando en el programa de acumulación de puntos millas y su relación con la fidelización en los clientes de las entidades bancarias, en Lima Metropolitana. Por sus características, la investigación es de tipo correlacional, con diseño no experimental y enfoque mixto. Para su corroboración, se estableció dos tipos de investigaciones: cualitativa y cuantitativa. Es por ello que estudio cualitativo se basó esencialmente en la realización de dos focus groups, con rangos de 25 a 35 años. Además, se realizaron entrevistas a 2 expertos del sector de banca y finanzas que dominen los temas sobre el uso de la acumulación de puntos millas. Por otro lado, el cuantitativo se realizó vía encuesta online con una muestra de 247 personas. Finalmente, los resultados arrojados determinaron que sí existe una relación entre la acumulación de puntos milla con la fidelización de los clientes mediante el uso de tarjeta de crédito, mostrando un grado de correlación positivo moderado, vale decir, que existe, pero no plenamente consolidado. Para ello, se utilizó el estadístico de Pearson en el programa de IBM SPSS. Además, se incluye implicancias y recomendaciones a las gerencias, mencionándose futuras investigaciones. / The purpose of this work is to determine the relationship between sales promotion actions, delving into the mileage points accumulation program and its relationship with customer loyalty of banking entities in Metropolitan Lima. Due to its characteristics, the research is correlational, with a non-experimental design and a mixed approach. For its corroboration, two types of research were established: qualitative and quantitative. That is why a qualitative study was essentially based on the realization of two focus groups, ranging from 25 to 35 years. In addition, interviews were conducted with 2 experts from the banking and finance sector who are proficient in the use of mileage accrual. On the other hand, the quantitative was conducted via an online survey with a sample of 247 people. Finally, the results obtained determined that there is a relationship between the accumulation of miles points and the loyalty of customers through the use of a credit card, showing a moderate positive degree of correlation, that is, it exists, but not fully consolidated. For this, the Pearson statistic was used in the IBM SPSS program. In addition, implications and recommendations for management are included, mentioning future research. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad, las entidades financieras están incentivando a sus clientes a optar por canales digitales. En este sentido, los aplicativos de banca móvil permiten a los usuarios realizar transacciones en cualquier lugar y momento desde un dispositivo móvil. La presente investigación, busca identificar los factores de mobile marketing que influyen en la intención de uso y que conllevan a la satisfacción de los usuarios de banca móvil en Lima Metropolitana. Por ende, los factores considerados en la investigación son: personalización, movilidad, compatibilidad y localización. Para ello, el presente trabajo ofrece un balance bibliográfico que se centra en describir cada factor propuesto. En este sentido, se propone una encuesta digital sobre la percepción de los usuarios de la banca móvil y la elaboración de un focus group. Asimismo, se muestran las principales evidencias sobre el contenido de las principales entidades bancarias en sus redes sociales, las cuales hacen referencia a los factores de estudio. / Currently, financial institutions are encouraging their clients to opt for digital channels. In this sense, mobile banking applications allow users to make transactions anywhere and anytime from a mobile device. This research seeks to identify the mobile marketing factors that influence the intention to use and that lead to the satisfaction of mobile banking users in Metropolitan Lima. Therefore, the factors considered in the research are: personalization, mobility, compatibility and location. For this, this work offers a bibliographic balance that focuses on describing each proposed factor. In this sense, a digital survey on the perception of users of mobile banking and the development of a focus group is proposed. Likewise, the main evidence on the content of the main banking entities in their social networks is shown, which refer to the study factors. / Trabajo de investigación

近來非傳統(Non-banks)金融機構(非銀行機構)，不論在聯合貸款市場或是在一般貸款市場所參與的程度愈來愈多，所承作的借款金額也逐年增加。這樣的趨勢尤其以歐美市場更為明顯。而一般文獻對於非銀行機構在聯合貸款市場與傳統金融機構在貸款條件差異的相關研究較少，因此本文研究非銀行機構利用1995至2007年美國企業在聯合貸款市場的資料，透過結合「Thomson Reuters LPC’s Dealscan」以及「Compustat」資料庫，分析包括融資公司(Finance Company)、投資銀行(Investment Bank)、保險公司(Insurance Company)、機構投資者(Institutional Investors) 的聯貸條件，實證結果發現非銀行機構參與的聯貸案件，通常都會要求較高的借款利率，其中又以保險公司所要求的借款利率為最高，可見非銀行機構是屬於追求較高風險的中介機構，但是本文也發現非銀行機構卻也會承作貸款期間較長的契約。 本文同時探討2000年美國通過金融服務業現代化法案是否對於非銀行機構造成影響，實證結果發現母公司為金融控股公司的非銀行機構在通過金融服務業現代化法案後，會放款給較高風險的公司，說明了在允許跨業經營下，隸屬金控的非銀行機構子公司承做風險較高的貸款業務非銀行機構。 / Non-bank institutions have participated in the commercial lending market and syndication market in recent years, especially in the U.S market. However, the literature addressing this issue is sparse. This paper aims to analyze the effects of participation by Non-bank lenders in the syndicated loan markets.We examine the loan contracts which started from 1995 to 2007, and use 「Thomson Reuters LPC’s Dealscan」and 「Compustat」datasets to analyze the lending behavior of Non-banks. Empirical results show that when the Non-banks participate in the loan market, they tend to charge higher credit spreads. However, when Non-banks participate in the facility, they also provide longer-maturity loans. Furthermore, this research also examines the effect of Financial Services Modernization Act‘s influence on lending behavior. The results show that after the Act was put into force, non-banks that are associated with Financial Holding Company tend to be more risk-taking. We find that Financial Holding Company would transfer the more risky operation into non-bank subsidiaries after they are allowed to cross sell their products.