Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-247).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007. / Title from title page screen, viewed on February 13, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Bruce Hawkins, Susan Kalter (co-chairs), Kristin Dykstra. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-275) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1968. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. University Professors Program. / This is a study of the relationship between persistent Bantu traditional values and social, political and economic institutions, using the premises of the Convergence Theory and the Invariance Hypothesis to determine what that relationship should be. Traditional values like the concept of man as a life force, the principle of communalism and the belief in the interaction between the dead, the living and those to be born have remained invariant throughout the history of the Bantu. This, contrary to the prescriptions of the dominant modernization theory which calls for the dismantling of these values once the society faces the so called "universal forces of change," like the introduction of modern industries, the development of means of communications, the growth of urban centers and above all, the development of modern science and technology. We used a descriptive analysis approach to examine the relationship between values and patterns of authority on the one hand and patterns of solidarity on the other. We did this first in the traditional setting. Then we did an analytical content criticism of those values in the colonial and post colonial periods which most people link to the introduction of modernization in Africa. We found out that, despite change in the environment, traditional values stay the same. Change will occur at the structural level but in order for the new institutions to be legitimate, they must reflect the traditional values of the people. This in a way explains the failure of some imposed political and social institutions to function in Africa.

Le présent travail est une description linguistique du shiwa, une langue bantu du Nord-Est du Gabon.La thèse comporte trois parties précédées d’une introduction générale qui situe le shiwa et les Shiwa dans leur environnement géographique, sociolinguistique et socioculturel. Cette introduction présente également les données exploitées et les conditions de leur collecte.La partie phonétique et phonologie (phonématique et analyse tonale) est traitée dans l’optique fonctionnaliste. Le shiwa présente un grand nombre de réalisations phonétiques et un système phonologique complexe, six tons se réalisant sur plusieurs registres. La complexité phonétique est liée à la monosyllabisation. Elle engendre des consonnes complexes, palatalisées, labialisées, affriquées, des voyelles centralisées et nasalisées. Le système phonologique présente de multiples mécanismes de variations libres, combinatoires et contextuelles.La morphologie inspirée des méthodes de l’Ecole de Londres montre un système d’accord bantu classique avec, cependant, un nombre restreint de schèmes d’accord et de classes. La langue fait usage au singulier des mêmes préfixes pour l’ensemble des classes.Le lexique exploité compte 1104 termes, transcrits, segmentés, rangés selon la classe avec une référence les liant à l’annexe audio.Outre les éléments de description linguistique, la thèse comprend des fichiers sons. Ces fichiers sons comportent une partie des données collectées sur le terrain soit une dizaine d’heures d’enregistrements sur des lexiques spécialisés, des questionnaires et des récits. / The present work is a linguistic description of the Shiwa, a Bantu language of northeastern Gabon. The thesis has three parts preceded by a general introduction. It places the Shiwa and Shiwa in their geographical, sociolinguistic and sociocultural environment. The introduction also presents the data used and the conditions of their collection.Phonetics and phonology part use the functionalist perspective. Shiwa has many phonetic realisations, a complex phonological system and six tones. Phonetic complexity is related to the monosyllabisation. It generates complex consonants, palatalized, labialized, affricates, centralized and nasalized vowels. The phonological system has multiple mechanisms of free, combinatorial and contextual variations.The morphology is based on the London School methods. It brings to light a system with classical Bantu agreements system. However, the language has few classes and agreements marks. It uses the same singular prefixes for all classes.The lexicon contain 1104 words, transcribed, segmented, classified by class and linking to the audio Annex.In addition to the elements of linguistic description, the thesis includes a sound data. This contain a part of data collected during our investigations: ten hours of recordings on specialized lexicons, questionnaires and stories.

Cette thèse est une description formelle de la morphosyntaxe et de la syntaxe de l'ikota (Gabon, Bantu B25).Les données recueillies sur le terrain sont modélisées à l'aide de théories récentes (Paradigm FunctionMorphology (PFM), Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG)). Je montre qu'une description formelle adéquate permetun passage rapide à une implémentation des règles grammaticales sous forme de contraintes. En effet, cesrègles ont permis la génération automatique des formes nominales et verbales fléchies de cette languebantu à morphologie riche ainsi que la réalisation d’une grammaire électronique des phrases de base.En morphologie, mes analyses reposent en particulier sur le concept de classes de position tel que définidans Stump (2001). Je montre qu'une analyse 'plate' (i.e. non arborescente) fournit une description élégantedes différentes classes nominales, de leurs accords sur les démonstratifs, possessifs, relateurs, adjectifs etverbes ainsi que de la flexion verbale riche (définie sur x positions). Les formes morphologiques généréessont alors réutilisées en syntaxe, les traits associés aux formes servent à contraindre la combinatoire desarbres syntaxiques. XMG2 (eXtensible MetaGrammar, Petitjean 2014) est l'outil qui permet à la fois lagénération des formes fléchies et la génération des arbres dans une grammaire TAG lexicalisée. / In this thesis, I propose a formal description of the morphosyntax and the syntax of Ikota (Bantu languageB25, spoken in Gabon). Field data are represented using recent linguistic theories (namely ParadigmFunction Morphology (PFM) and Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG)). I show how a formal description makes itpossible to quickly implement grammar rules as constraints. These rules allowed for the automaticgeneration of nominal and verbal inflected forms belonging to this morphologically-rich Bantu language,along with the creation of an electronic grammar covering core sentences.Regarding morphology, my analyses rely on the concept of position classes as defined in Stump (2001). Ishow how a 'flat' analyse, that is to say differing from a tree-based representation, provides an elegantdescription of several nominal classes, including agreements with demonstratives, possessives, relators,adjectives or verbs, and of rich verbal inflection (defined on x positions). Inflected forms generated from thisdescription are then reused in syntax, their morphosyntactic features allow for a reduced combinatory atparsing (fewer syntactic trees are considered according to the sentence to parse). XMG 2 (eXtensibleMetaGrammar, Petitjean 2014) is the framework which has been used for describing and generating bothinflected forms and lexicalised TAG trees.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The Wahehe are a tribe of approximately 1/4 million and the majority of them live in the Iringa district of Tanganyika. They first became famous because they defeated a German expedition led by Zelewski on l7th August 1891. On 30th October 1894 the Germans captured the Wahehe fort at Kalenga but the war continued until Chief Kkwawa committed suicide on 19th June 1898. During their struggle against the Wahehe the Germans acquired considerable respect for them. The British who governed Tanganyika under a League of Nations mandate after the First World War knew about the military prowess of the Wahehe from German writings and they too regarded the Wahehe as one of the more important and promising tribes. Mkwawa's son, Sapi, was installed as chief in 1926 as part of the policy of indirect rule. The Wahehe are famous for their military prowess and their mighty chief in the pre-colonial period and for their political organisation under indirect rule. There is sufficient evidence to reconstruct and analyse their political organisation before the German conquest and although there is enough to do so during the period of indirect rule, the Wahehe political organisation at that period is most interesting and significant only when it is understood in the context of their pre-colonial history and that under German rule. This thesis therefore describes the development of the Wahehe political organisation over the period of about 100 years, for as long as it is possible to have adequate knowledge of their development. This approach emphasises the fact that at no period have the political institutions of the Wahehe been stable. Ch. II The boundaries of Uhehe have changed at different times but during most of the period under discussion it has included five climatic zones; hot damp lowland in the Ulanga valley, high damp forest in the Usungwa mountains, high rolling downland, the drier area of miombo woodland on the central plateau, and the hot dry lowlands of the central plains. They keep some cattle and small stock and the staple food crop is maize although the number of cattle and the subsidiary crops vary in different areas. No physical anthropologists have done research in the area but it is accepted that the Wahehe are of mixed origins and there is a great variety of physical type among them. Some Germans produced grammars and a vocabulary of Kihehe but there has been no substantial linguistic research in the area. It is generally acknowledged that Kihehe is related to Kibena and Kisongu. The missions in Uhehe have always been predominantly Roman Catholic but there are a few Lutherans. The Koman Catholic missions have controlled most schools in the area. The Wahehe have not shown any particular enthusiasm for education in spite of the fact that there has been more provision for intermediate, and later secondary, education in the district than in most others. Ch. III. The kinship terms are listed and defined. The Wahehe are particularly concerned with physical descent. The mothers and the father's kin are equally important, but individuals are more likely to recognise distant kin on the father's side because praise names, food avoidances and descent names are inherited patrilineally. The Wahehe have no explanation of the origin of this system but it is generally acknowledged that those who have both praise name and food avoidance in common may not marry. Ch. IV. There is little evidence from which to deduce the political organisation of the Wahehe before the reign of Munyigumba, that is before about 1860. There were a number of small independent groups of people with roughly similar culture and language in the Usungwa mountains and on the central plateau, but it is unlikely that any one of these groups was known as Wahehe. There is however substantial evidence of immigration and emigration and that at least the ruling families of these separate groups inter-married. Ch. V. The unification of these diverse groups began with the accession of Munyigumba, who was believed to be the descendant of one Muyinga, the son of a hunter who had come from Usagara and SeMududa, the daughter of the chief of Ng'uruhe. Munyigumba conquered and absorbed the chief doms of the neighbouring rulers and later defeated the Wakinamanga in the area known as Utemikwila or Ngololo and he also fought the Wasangu and Angoni. After his death his son-in-law who had held authority under him, seized power and drove his heir, Hkwawa, into exile, to Ugogo. Mkwawa returned assisted by one of Kunyigumba's other subordinate rulers and built a fort at Kalenga. The usurper fled but then returned with Wakonongo forces, fought Mkwawa and was defeated and killed in 1833. Mkwawa then had about 10 years of exceptional military success during which he defeated the Wasangu, Wabena and Angoni and established colonies at Mukondoa, Wota, Mdaburu and Loato to the north and east. There is much German literature about Mkwawa's military success and organisation but little about his normal peacetime political organisation and this is because his campaigns followed each other in quick succession and his chiefdom was expanding so fast that he developed no settled peacetime organisation. His political and military organisation was based on his fort at Kalenga where he gathered together men from all over his chiefdom. Some of his subordinate rulers who were called vansagila, were descendants of formerly independent rulers, some were his relations and affines and others were new men who had shown themselves fit to hold authority.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Arts, 1942.

Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of the North, 1992 / Refer to the document