Background Through globalization, the world has changed a lot the latest decades and given people more freedom. Free trade is part of globalization and spreads prosperity and wealth. Sweden is a small and international economy and Brazil is a large and growing economy. More establishments of Swedish companies in the Brazilian market would benefit both Brazil and Sweden in many ways. Purpose The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of the barriers to entry that Swedish companies can face when they choose to establish themselves in the Brazilian market. Method This case study is deductive with a qualitative approach. We have conducted interviews on site in Brazil, with representatives from Swedish companies and organizations. The data from these interviews form the basis of our analysis. We chose to supplement the analysis with secondary data in the form of reports from the Swedish Embassy and Swedish organizations. Results In our case study we have found that the biggest barriers to entry the Brazilian market for Swedish companies are high import duties, bureaucracy, expensive labor force, criminality, high tax burden, lack of knowledge in the English language, a complex tax system, and basic cultural differences.

Date May 31, 2011 Course Name: Masters Thesis in Marketing, 4FE02E, 15 hp, Spring 2011 LinnaeusUniversity,Växjö,Sweden Program Masters in Marketing Authors: Rubaiyat Raihan 840812 Shah Azeem 761210 Tutor: Engelbert Weiss Examiner: Sarah Philipson Title of the Paper: The specificities of market entry strategies into a developing country Problem Statement: “What are the specificities of market entry strategies into a developing country?” Purpose: To understand the market entry strategy of high tech product like energy efficiency light for the developing country taking into consideration the aspects discussed under problem discussion. Delimitation: In our thesis paper, we are only discussed about the energy saving industry and more specific the light manufactures. Also, our paper is discussed only about the market entry strategies and entry barrier, not to measure the effect of it. Methodology: The project is based on primary data retrieved in connection with the theoretical framework. A qualitative approach of research and questionnaire has been considered to reach the desirable result. Conclusion: After investigating the factors of energy efficiency light industry, we can conclude that it will be a good idea for a company to expand their business in developing country as the industry and the countries have a lot of potential to offer. An Investment entry mode (Joint Venture) has been suggested. Suggestion for Further Research: This research was focused on market entry strategy and entry barriers of energy efficiency light manufacturer, not the effect of entry barriers. Therefore, the next step should be to make in order to examine the effect of the barriers discussed in this research. Key Words: International market entry strategies, energy efficiency light industry, entry modes and entry barriers.

Abstract Thesis title: The selection of entry mode when penetrating a foreign market Author: Annica Gunnarsson  Tutor: Åsa Devine Course: Marketing, advanced level, spring term 2011, Linnaeus University   Entering a new market is always a risky business, with a big potential of failure. To research the options of entry strategy can help in determine which strategy to use. The international market of education has changed during the last years, and in Sweden we just had one big change when the introduction of tutoring fees was determined. This has forced the universities out on unfamiliar territory.  This new territory consists of competing on a much bigger market than before and the need to develop a new international marketing strategy has occurred. The research on entry modes from a manufacturing perspective is extensive and therefore this research deals with the entry modes from a service perspective. The aim of this study is to gain better understanding of the selection of entry modes from a service institutes perspective. Furthermore the research is limited to investigating the education sector and how they use entry mode when wanting to establish them on a new market. The research is done through seven different interviews. The universities are located both in Sweden and abroad. This method where chosen because the goal is to find out how the universities is enter new markets.    The findings are based on the factors that determined international marketing strategy and how the respondents have answered the questions. How the universities work with the changes they experience is also a factor in the decision making process on which international strategy to use. The main findings of the study are that the entry mode education institutes most often use is some sort of international joint venture.

Due to the constant change of technology, companies’ battle to win customers becomes more and more intense. Maintaining customers and building long-term relationships is becoming more and more important and the customer relationship management (CRM) concept has evolved as a strategy rather than just a technological system. With an efficient CRM strategy and CRM system the company can learn which customers to keep, put more focus on and develop further relationship with and which ones to cut loose (Mendoza et al., 2006).    Sales and sales management are often critical personnel in an organization, because they are in charge of selling goods and services that generate the revenues and cash flows that support the firms’ existence (Wagner & Zubey, 2007). This thesis focuses on how an organization can motivate stakeholders of the CRM system, within the sales department, to improve the usage, taking in consideration critical success factors (CSFs). To develop an understanding of the barriers that might influence the use of the CRM system and the CSFs that have been considered to motivate the stakeholders of the system, a case study was made at Strålfors Svenska AB. Interviews were held with the sales managers and the sales personnel to learn about the expectations of the CRM system use and about the actual use.   The results have lead us to the following conclusions; for the CRM system to be successful and to motivate the CRM stakeholders, the following factors are critical; top management involvement, clear communication of goals and objectives, integration between departments in the organization, sales staff commitment and involvement, education, feedback and evaluation.

In our master thesis “Fashionable strategies” we analyze the internationalization processof small and medium sized Nordic Fashion companies. In our study we conducted aquantitative survey and qualitative in-depths interviews to shed light on the topic. We usehereby an iterative research strategy through the triangulation analysis method as researchapproach. The combination of methodologies and perspectives allowed us to analyze ourtheoretical framework and the research questions in a favorable manner. The researchquestions we aim to investigate in our study were the following:· What are the reasons for the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies wheninternationalizing, and what are the strategies the companies use hereby?· What influences the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies in their choiceof strategy and market to enter?· Which barriers of entry and problems do the small and medium sized Nordic fashioncompanies see as critical in their internationalization process and how do theyovercome these issues?In the research we especially took a look at the following areas that we found mainlyimportant for fashion companies in their internationalization process: The reasons forexpanding, the choice of market, the entry modes that are used and barriers and problemsthat occur in the process. We take a view on the theoretical models of the Uppsala Model,Helsinki model, Revised Uppsala model and Born-Global Theory to explain the strategiesbehind the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies.We see that the growth of the company and the profit increase are the main reasons for theNordic fashion companies when expanding their business. The entry modes used by thecompanies are agents and distributors, and when choosing the markets the fashioncompanies are contact-driven and focusing first on markets that have a rather smallerdistance to their own domestic market. The problems the companies have to overcome arecosts of entry, cash-flow and invoice payments which are all related to financial issues.We believe that our study has contributed with new information to the research field ofinternationalization concerning small medium fashion companies in the Nordic countries.

Abstract Purpose. To identify symptoms/distress among patients with colorectal cancer, from the viewpoint of the next of kin, before and after chemotherapy, and to establish whether there are any barriers to reporting these.   Methods. Individual face-to-face interviews with fourteen next of kin were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts.  Results. Three areas were identified: symptoms presented, influences on life for the next of kin, and barriers to reporting symptoms/distress. Nine symptoms were raised as most common by the next of kin. All next of kin talked to a large extent about how the patient’s disease and treatment affected them. It affected them psychologically, they had to revaluate their life, and it influenced their social life. Almost all next of kin denied that they experienced any barriers to reporting symptoms/distress though they mentioned the lack of properly communication and lack of time. Conclusions. Although it was not the main purpose of the study, the next of kin raised concerns about the patient’s disease and treatment and how it influenced their life. They mentioned barriers to reporting symptoms, but not to a large extent. The symptoms reported before and during chemotherapy were similar to those found in other studies.

Bakgrund: Idag har det blivit allt viktigare att företag växer, då det skapar förutsättningar att utveckla samhället genom att exempelvis skapa fler nya jobb. I de små företagen finns stor tillväxtpotential och tillväxtvilja, men det är svårt att undkomma olika tillväxthinder och växa lönsamt. Många små företag består av byggföretag och det är vanligt att små byggföretag lyckas växa snabbt, men många av dem går ändå i konkurs. Frågan är hur en anpassad styrning av företagens organisation kan bidra till att underlätta tillväxten och hjälpa företagen att lösa de organisatoriska styrningsproblem som kan uppstå. Syfte: Vårt syfte med studien är att undersöka vilka styrningsproblem som vanligtvis uppstår vid tillväxt av små byggföretag och hur dessa problem påverkar den fortsatta tillväxten, samt ta reda på hur styrningsproblemen kan lösas med en, för branschen, anpassad styrning. Definitioner: Tillväxt betyder vanligtvis att något växer eller ökar i mängd. Tillväxt kan även innebära att något ökar i storlek eller att kvalitén förbättras till följd av en processutveckling. Styrning innefattar de instrument, regler och procedurer som används för att styra de anställdas beteenden inom organisationen i enlighet med företagets mål. Genomförande: Datainsamlingen har skett genom intervjuer med representanter och dokumentation från tre små byggföretag som vi har använt som fallföretag. Slutsats & resultat: Flera de vanligaste styrningsproblemen inom små byggföretag liknar de som uppstår i andra tillväxtföretag. Vi ser dock att valet av styrning i tillväxtföretag ändå behöver ta hänsyn till hur de anställda inom branschen beter sig och andra branschegenskaper. Vi ser även att styrningen måste anpassas i takt med att företag växer, då företags behov och beteende förändras. / Background: Today it has become more important with growing firms, because it creates opportunities to develop the society by, for example, creating more jobs. There is great potential and willingness to grow in small firms, but it is difficult to avoid different barriers to growth and to grow profitably. Many small firms are represented by construction firms and it is common for small construction firms to grow fast, but many of them are still going bankrupt. The question is how an adjusted management control of the firm’s organization can contribute to facilitate growth and help firms to solve their organizational management control problems that can arise. Purpose: Our aim with this study is to examine the management control problems that usually occur during the growth of small construction firms and how these problems affect the future growth, and also find out how the management control problems can be solved with different types of control, which are adjusted to the industry. Definitions: Growth usually means that something grows or increases in amount. Growth may also mean that something increase in size or that there is quality improvements resulting from a process development. Management control includes the tools, rules and procedures that are used to control employees’ behavior within the organization in accordance with the firm’s objectives. Completion: Data has been collected through interviews with representatives and documentation from three small construction firms that we have used as cases. Conclusions & results: A number of the most common management control problems in small construction firms are similar to those arising in other growing firms. However, we see that the choice of control in growing firms still needs to consider how the employees in theindustry behave and other industry characteristics. We also see that the management control must be adapted as the firms grow, because the firm’s needs and behavior change.

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore, describe and analyze how service firms overcome barriers of internationalization at an early stage. Thus, this study is aiming to increase a better understanding of what kind of preconditions these firms have in the very early stages of internationalization. Methodology This research has been based on qualitative case study and abductive approach. We wanted to pursue this research strategy since we were aiming to receive an in-depth understanding of service firms’ early internationalization process. A delimitation we further have applied in this study is a focus only on early entry to Norwegian market and on Swedish consulting firms. These delimitations have been based mainly on the fact that it would be easier to compare the results from the empirical data. We have furthermore conducting a total of 5 interviews with 6 interviewees. Three of these have been with our chosen case companies and the other two have been with two external actors with profound knowledge about the Norwegian market.   Conclusions In our conclusions, we have identified the main characteristics of barriers in an early internationalization stage for service firms and enablers to overcome these barriers. The three key enablers are networks and relationships, international entrepreneurship and presence at the foreign market.

Svensk sjukvård möter alltfler immigranter och asylsökande som lider av psykisk ohälsa. Inom psykiatrivården är kommunikation av extra stor vikt och talar patienter och sjukvårdspersonal inte samma språk uppstår lätt kommunikationsbarriärer. Genom denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie har användbara kommunikationsstrategier och viktiga komponenter för en god kommunikation identifierats genom innehållsanalys. Dessa rör bemötande, information och stöd/hjälp. Av vikt är att sjuksköterskor och övrig sjukvårdspersonal visar intresse, lyssnar, visar empati och visar på kulturell förförståelse vid psykiatrisk vård. Patienterna önskar uppmuntran till att hålla kontakt med vänner och att delta i gruppaktiviteter. De behöver hjälp att utveckla intressen och se möjligheter. När kommunikationen brister, såsom vid språkbarriärer, kan viktig information missas vilket är farligt och ibland irriterande för både personal och patienter. Vården blir mer tidskrävande och av sämre kvalitet. De mest använda kommunikationsstrategierna har identifierats: professionell tolk på plats, professionell telefontolk, flerspråkig sjukvårdspersonal, anhöriga som tolk, övriga verbala strategier och icke-verbala strategier. Strategierna upplevs som olika effektiva av sjukvårdspersonal och patienter. De professionella tolkar som finns används inte alltid på grund av att det anses tidskrävande att anordna tolksamtal, okunskap om tolkanvändning samt kostnaden. Anhöriga träder ofta in och tolkar och vid dessa tillfällen kan det hända att viktig information inte når fram och att egna åsikter vävs in. Några föredrar ändå anhörigtolk då de inte känner att det kan lita på tolkens tystnadsplikt.  Teoretisk anknytning för litteraturstudien görs till Antonovskys KASAM, Känsla av Sammanhang. / Swedish health care is working with many immigrants and asylum seekers whom are suffering from mental disorders. In the psychiatric care, communication is especially important, and if patients and health care staff do not speak the same language health care staff will front communication barriers. With this qualitative literature study useful communication strategies has been identified as well as important components for good communication. These are: the attitude of the health care staff, information and support and help. It is important that nurses and other health care staff are interested, that they are listening, shows on empathy, and on cultural knowledge within the psychiatric care. Patients wish to get encouraged to keep in contact with friends and to participate in group activities. They need help to develop interests and to see possibilities. When the communication is poor, as in language barriers, important information might be omitted. This is dangerous and sometimes annoying for both health care staff and the patient. Taking care of the patient will take longer time and the quality will be poorer. The most used strategies for communication has been identified as: professional interpreters on sight, professional phone interpreters, bilingual health care staff, and relatives as interpreters, other verbal strategies and non-verbal strategies. Health care staff and patients experience these strategies as effective in different ways. Even though there are professional interpreters, they are not always used due to reason as time deficiency, too little knowledge about how to contact an interpreter and also for financial issues. Often relatives have to interpret, and in these situations important information might be omitted and own thoughts or opinions put forward. Some patients though, prefer the relatives to translate, since they not always trust the confidentiality of the interpreter. As a theoretical framework, Antonovskys’ SOC, Sense of Coherence, has been used in this literature study.

In this study two nonlinear analysis methods are proposed for investigation of nonlinear effects of high temperature superconductive(HTSC) thin film planar microwave circuits. The MoM-HB combination method is based on the combination formulation of the moment method(MoM) and the harmonic balance(HB) technique. It consists of linear and nonlinear solvers. The power series method treats the voltages at higher order frequencies as the excitations at the corresponding frequencies, and the higher order current distributions are then obtained by using the moment method again. The power series method is simple and fast for finding the output power at higher order frequencies. The MoM-HB combination method is suitable for strong nonlinearity, and it can be also used to find the fundamental current redistribution, conductor loss, and the scattering parameters variation at the fundamental frequency. These two proposed methods are efficient, accurate, and suitable for distributed-type HTSC nonlinearity. They can be easily incorporated into commercial EM CAD softwares to expand their capabilities. These two nonlinear analysis method are validated by analyzing a HTSC stripline filter and HTSC antenna dipole circuits. HTSC microstrip lines are then investigated for the nonlinear effects of HTSC material on the current density distribution over the cross section and the conductor loss as a function of the applied power. The HTSC microstrip patch filters are then studied to show that the HTSCinterconnecting line could dominate the behaviors of the circuits at high power. The variation of the transmission and reflection coefficients with the applied power and the third output power are calculated. The HTSC microstrip line structure with gilded edges is proposed for improving the power handling capability of HTSC thin film circuit based on a specified limit of harmonic generation and conductor loss. A general analysis approach suitable for any thickness of gilding layer is developed by integrating the multi-port network theory into aforementioned proposed nonlinear analysis methods. The conductor loss and harmonic generation of the gilded HTSC microstrip line are investigated.