Thesis (M.A.)--Cincinnati Christian University, 2007. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-106).

Thesis (M.A.)--Cincinnati Christian University, 2007. / Includes abstract and vita. Description based on Print version record. Bibliography: leaves 103-106.

This study examines if theory of deception can be understood in successful air operations on a tactical level. Research on deception is mostly conducted on a strategic level and the different theories vary in aim and tend to be comprehensive. Studies of air power are mostly conducted on a tactical level and deception within air power has become more common throughout the years. This study aims, using a theory testing case study, to explain how theories of deception work on a tactical level. The analysis is based on Barton Whaley’s structure of deception, and the cases that were analyzed were the Six-Day War and Operation Desert Storm. The result showed that the theory partly could describe deception on a tactical level as a majority of the different categories of Whaleys theory were present in both conflicts. However, the priority of the different categories in the theory did not correspond to either of the cases. This led to the conclusion that Barton Whaley’s theory of structure of deception does not alone describe success in air operations on a tactical level.

Russian application of deception in warfare has an extensive history. A lot of previous research has explored both its application and development through different historical conflicts. However, the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea has raised a debate that challenges the classic application of Russian deception methods. Nevertheless, many researchers claim that Russia continues to use traditional methods of warfare and deception, albeit adapted to a modern context.   This thesis explores these claims by a concrete comparison of the application of Russian deception methods during the annexation of Crimea with a successful historical Russian deception operation, the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This is done by a comparative case study, which breaks down both cases with theoretical support from Barton Whaley's theory of deception. The study validates claims that traditional Russian deception methods are being applied in a contemporary context. What has changed, however, is how the different types of deception mutually support one another and are utilized to achieve synergy effects.

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<p>Much of the critical discourse on J.M. Coetzee’s <em>Foe</em> does not fully investigate its relationship with Daniel Defoe’s texts, despite <em>Foe</em>’s intimate relation with them. This thesis offers a postcolonial reading of Coetzee’s Susan Barton, Cruso and Friday against Daniel Defoe’s original characters Roxana, Robinson Crusoe and Friday. Chapter one discusses Roxana-as-feminist, female colonizer, representative of her sex and Amazon and compares her to Barton. It reveals the tendency of critical discourse to attempt to ‘know’ Barton as they ‘know’ Roxana, by categorizing her, and reveals how Coetzee’s character frustrates attempts to define her. The second chapter addresses eighteenth-century knowledge of race and how it differs from present day, which offers an alternate reading of <em>Robinson Crusoe</em> and complicates its use as a colonial handbook. I also discuss masculinity in Defoe’s <em>Robinson Crusoe</em> as an individual characteristic Coetzee alters into something that can be appropriated. His characters are not masculine but can wield phallic symbols such as the pen and the knife to reveal power as systemic rather than individualistic. The final chapter offers an in depth postcolonial reading of Friday and interrogates critical discourse’s tendency to read him as representative of ‘the colonized,’ or as a colonial trope.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Le taxol est un composé découvert en 1965 à partir d'un extrait d'if du Pacifique (Taxus Brevifolia Nutt.). Son mode d'action original et inconnu au moment de sa découverte a fait de cette molécule une référence en matière de traitement anti-cancéreux. La présence de nombreuses fonctionnalités oxygénées, le nombre élevé de centres asymétriques et surtout sa structure tétracyclique comportant de plus un cycle à huit chaînons ont suscité l'intérêt des chercheurs depuis sa publication. Découverte dans les années 1970, la réaction de métathèse cyclisante des oléfines est un outil synthétique extrêmement puissant permettant la préparation de cycles de diverses tailles. Cette étude envisage l'utilisation de cette réaction pour préparer le cycle à huit chaînons du taxol. La première rétrosynthèse étudiée se fonde sur la fermeture du cycle B à huit chaînons par une réaction de métathèse cyclisante entre les carbones C9 et C10. La première étape de ce travail est consacrée à la préparation des précurseurs de métathèse. Un travail d'optimisation des conditions ne nous a cependant pas permis d'obtenir les diènes souhaités, par réaction de Shapiro ou de Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi. Une nouvelle stratégie est ensuite étudiée: la fermeture du cycle B s'envisage cette fois-ci entre les carbones C10 et C11. Le diène souhaité serait obtenu par une réaction d'addition nucléophile entre le précurseur linéaire du cycle A et le cycle C. Ces deux précurseurs sont tout d'abord préparés par des méthodes rapides, simples et efficaces, donnant accès à des composés énantiomériquement purs. Les réactions d'additions nucléophiles sont ensuite étudiées. Une optimisation des paramètres permet d'obtenir le composé souhaité sous la forme d'un mélange 1:1 de deux diastéréoisomères, qui sont séparés à l'étape suivante. L'étude des figures de diffraction aux rayons X de ces deux composés permet d'attribuer la configuration relative de chaque centre asymétrique. Les composés obtenus sont ensuite transformés en quelques étapes en précurseurs de métathèse. Le diastéréoisomère comportant la mauvaise stéréochimie pour la sythèse du taxol se dégrade en présence du catalyseur de métathèse. En revanche, le diastéréoisomère comportant la bonne stéréochimie pour la sythèse du taxol cyclise en quelques heures en présence de catalyseur de Grubbs II pour donner le cyclooctène cis. De plus, en présence de catalyseur de Grubbs I, l'obtention d'un mélange des cyclooctènes cis et trans est mise en évidence. Enfin, une étude menée en annexe démontre la possibilité d'introduire la fonctionnalité oxygénée manquante sur le cycle C en utilisant comme produit de départ la cétone de Wieland-Miescher.

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. The thesis utilizes Althusser's notion of ideology as a system of imaginary as class and morality. Althusser's axioms are to serve as bases for the theoreti analysis of the aforementioned novels. Gaskell's concern for the polarising classes with -

Deception seems to be a vital part for special forces operations and a new prioritized task in the future. Despite that, is deception a phenomenon that is not taking an independent starting point in special operations theories. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the debate about the role of deception in special forces operations. This has been done by examining the extent to which Barton Whaley’s theory can explain the outcome of special operations. By analysing Operation Neptune’s Spear and Operation Gothic Serpent with Whaley’s theoretical framework, the conclusion is that deception can, to some extent, explain the outcome. The operations are opposites, one successful and the other unsuccessful. The result shows that deception is more common in the successful one. Despite this, the result suggest that more research is needed to draw relevant conclusions. One can only say that the result gives an indication about the role of deception in these kinds of operations.