Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-05T19:34:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Produto Final de Mestrado.pdf: 6376276 bytes, checksum: 8ef196a5237a5a463c4b6437557f0a8d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T19:34:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Produto Final de Mestrado.pdf: 6376276 bytes, checksum: 8ef196a5237a5a463c4b6437557f0a8d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-30 / This paper deals with improvisation procedures for double bass in Instrumental Brazilian Popular Music (MPBI). Available literature on instrumental popular music focuses on North American jazz, however there is much to be explored and released concerning the material produced and published in Brazil about MPBI, particularly on double bass. Authors such as Piedade (2005) and Cirino (2009) discuss the scarce available literature and ponder on improvisation in overall Brazilian music. These authors' ideas are references to this work, which deepens their proposed discussion of improvisation and spreads it to double bass improvisation, mostly in interpretation of Brazilian genres. This paper's main goal is to discuss the use of rythmic cells and idiomatic melodies in improvisation for Brazilian genres baião, choro and samba. The work's methodology is made up of three main steps: 1) literary review in Portuguese and English; 2) selection and discussion of elements through hearing of audiovisual recordings, 3) applying selected elements to improvisation on popular themes’s excerpts. The work will also bring appendixes with full sheets for the defense recital and audio samples for the suggested improvisations. The research's final results (final product for concluding the Master's Degree in Music course) are presented in two parts: the defense recital (including themes with MPBI improvisation), which presents the research-originated artistic product, and the scientific article’s defense, which records the process of research itself. / Este trabalho trata de procedimentos de improvisação ao contrabaixo acústico no contexto da Música Popular Brasileira Instrumental (MPBI). A literatura disponível sobre música popular instrumental é concentrada no jazz norte-americano sendo que há muito a ser explorado e divulgado em relação ao material produzido e publicado no Brasil sobre MPBI, em particular sobre o contrabaixo. Autores como Piedade (2005) e Cirino (2009) discutem a escassa literatura disponível e refletem sobre a improvisação na música brasileira em geral. As idéias desses autores são referências para este trabalho, que aprofunda a discussão sobre improvisação por eles proposta e a estende para a improvisação ao contrabaixo, sobretudo na interpretação de gêneros brasileiros. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é discutir a utilização de células rítmicas e melodias idiomáticas em improvisos dos gêneros brasileiros: baião, choro e samba. A metodologia do trabalho está organizada em três etapas principais: 1) revisão da literatura em português e inglês; 2) seleção e discussão de elementos através da audição de gravações audiovisuais, 3) aplicação dos elementos selecionados em improvisos de trechos de peças populares. O trabalho traz ainda anexos com partituras completas do recital de defesa e áudio dos exemplos dos improvisos sugeridos. O resultado final da pesquisa (produto final de conclusão do Curso de Mestrado em Música) é apresentado em duas partes: o recital de defesa (com inclusão de peças com improviso de MPBI) que apresenta o produto artístico resultante da pesquisa e a defesa do artigo científico, que registra o processo percorrido pela pesquisa.

Este trabalho estuda a obra de Itamar Assumpção, investigando os principais procedimentos de composição musical utilizados, bem como a relação que possuem com suas vivências pessoais de aprendizagem musical e teatral. Sua obra promove algumas sínteses de materiais musicais e poéticos da tradição popular brasileira e internacional, referencias que são reelaboradas no processo de criação de suas canções. São demonstradas e analisadas a confluência e a atrelagem que existe entre a ação da performance e oito matrizes composicionais identificadas ao longo das diferentes fases de sua obra. / This paper studies the music of Itamar Assumpção, exploring not only the compositional procedures employed, but also their relation to the artist\'s musical and theatrical life experiences. Assumpção\'s work harmonizes musical and poetic material from the Brazilian and international popular tradition, a synthesis that is reconstructed in the process of songwriting. This paper demonstrates and analyzes the confluence and interconnection between the act of performance and eight compositional structures identified throughout different phases of his work.

Glacial lakes, such as those in the Midwest region of the United States, are ecologically and economically important, and they provide a wide range of ecosystem services, such as habitat for wildlife and fishes, flood control and recreational boating. Glacial lakes often support locally important sport fisheries, such as largemouth bass <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> and bluegill <i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>,<i> </i>which are partially dependent on suitable habitat within lakes. Nearshore vegetation is often removed by lakeshore landowners for perceived aesthetics and boat access, or by area managers as a form of indirect fisheries management and invasive species control. The connection between nearshore vegetation and fish population health, though widely studied is somewhat unclear. In the two research chapters of this thesis we attempted to further understanding of the environmental factors that influence vegetation abundance and distribution, how vegetation abundance and distribution influences fish population abundance and size structure, and how young-of-year (YOY) largemouth bass utilize habitats within the nearshore environment. In the first research chapter, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) and data collected by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources to quantify the complexity of relationships among catchment characteristics (e.g., catchment size), lake morphology, water quality, vegetation abundance and distribution, and fish population abundance and size structure. Across multiple lakes, lake productivity was more influential in explaining cross-lake variation of largemouth bass and bluegill proportional stock density (PSD) and largemouth bass catch per unit effort (CPUE) than vegetation. This may be a result of the feedback between phytoplankton production and rooted vegetation production. The models we constructed provide insights into the complexity of environmental variables that influence nearshore vegetation and fish populations. In the second research chapter we used stable isotopes (δ¹³ Carbon, δ¹⁵ Nitrogen, δ¹⁸ Oxygen and δ² Hydrogen) to examine the consistency of habitat use and foraging of YOY largemouth bass within Indiana glacial lakes. We observed spatial variation in stable isotope ratios of YOY largemouth bass between habitat types and sites. Additionally, there were significant, positive relationships between δ¹³C of locally collected potential prey items and δ¹³C of YOY largemouth bass suggesting localized foraging patterns. Later in the summer, as young bass grew in size and likely switched to piscivory, we did not observe similar spatial variation in young bass stable isotopes or spatial relationships between prey and the young bass suggesting more homogeneous foraging patterns. Understanding the habitat use patterns of young bass may allow for more efficient and effective management of the nearshore environment. Overall, a greater consideration for the complexity of relationships between nearshore habitat and fish populations may facilitate more effective management.

The Bass model has been used extensively and globally to forecast the first purchases of new products. It has been named by INFORMS as one of the top 10 most influential papers published in the 50-year history of Management Science. Most models for the diffusion of innovation are deeply rooted in the work of Bass (1969). His work provides a framework to model the underlying process of innovation adaption among first-time customers. Potential customers may be connected to one another in some sort of network. Prior research has shown that the structure of a network affects adoption patterns (Dover et al. 2012; Hill et al. 2006; Katona and Sarvary 2008; Katona et al. 2011; Newman et al. 2006; Shaikh et al. 2010; Van den Bulte and Joshi 2007). One approach to addressing this issue is to incorporate network information into the original Bass model. The focus of this study is to explore how to incorporate network information and other micro-level data into the Bass model. First, I prove that the Bass Model assumes all potential customers are linked to all other customers. Through simulations of individual adoptions and connections among individuals using a Random Network , I show that the estimate of q in the Bass Model is biased downward in the original Bass model. I find that biases in the Bass Model depend on the structure of the network. I relax the assumption of the fully connected network by proposing a Network-Based Bass model (NBB), which incorporates the network structure into the traditional Bass model. Using the proposed model (NBB), I am able to recover the true parameters. To test the generalizability and to enhance the applicability of my NBB model, I tested my NBB model on the various network types with sampled data from the population network. I showed that my NBB model is robust across different types of networks, and it is efficient in terms of sample size. With a small fraction of data from the population, it accurately recovered the true parameters. Therefore, the NBB model can be used when we do not have complete network information. The last essay is the first attempt to incorporate heterogeneous peer influence into the NBB model, based on individuals' preference structures. Besides the significant extension of the NBB (Bass) Model, incorporating high-quality data on individual behavior into the model leads to new findings on individuals' adoption behaviors, and thus expands our knowledge of the diffusion process.

Se realizó el estudio histológico del timo de lubina, con el fin de conocer la arquitectura del microambiente tímico y las relaciones estructurales de sus diferentes componentes. Las células linfoides sufren procesos de muerte celular programada por apoptosis, no descrita previamente en timo de peces; indicando la existencia de procesos de selección negativa durante su diferenciación intratímica. Existen células interdigitadas, no descritas previamente en peces. Hay áreas mielopoyéticas, con actividad eritropoyética y granulopoyética heterófila. La fragilidad de la barrera epitelial, que separa la cavidad branquial del parénquima tímico, puede verse incrementada por la presencia de macrófagos intraepiteliales y macrófagos con inmunoglobulinas de superficie. El transito de células sanguíneas a través de la capa de células epitelio-reticulares limitantes y de capilares sanguíneos indican la carencia de barrera hematotímica. Estos datos sugieren la existencia de procesos antígen o dependiente y la persistencia de funciones propias de órgano linfoide secundario en timo de lubina. / The histological study of the sea bass thymus was performed to know the architecture of the thymic microenvironment and the structural relationships of its different components. The lymphoid cells suffer processes of programmed cell death by apoptosis, not described previously in fish thymus, indicating the existence of negative selection processes during its intrathymic differentiation. There are interdigitating cells, which has not described before in fish. Exist myelopoiesis areas, with erythropoietic and heterophilic granulopoietic activity. The fragility of the epithelial barrier, that separates the branchial cavity from the thymic parenchyma, is increased by the presence of intraepithelial macrophages and macrophages with surface immunoglobulins. The traffic of blood cells across the layer of limiting reticular epithelial cells and blood capillaries indicate the lack of hemato-thymic barrier. This information suggests the existence of antigen dependent process and the p ersistence of own functions of secondary lymphoid organ in thymus of sea bass.

En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de la temperatura de incubación y cultivo sobre el desarrollo y el crecimiento muscular de lubina, Dicentrarchus labrax, Atlántica y Mediterránea. Durante la fase de alimentación endógena el empleo de alta temperatura incrementa preferiblemente la hipertrofia, observándose una fuerte disminución de la tasa hiperplásica en la fase prelarvaria, con independencia de la temperatura. Con el inicio de la alimentación viva comienza una etapa de rápido crecimiento en la que las altas temperaturas de cultivo (17 y 19ºC) incrementan principalmente la hiperplasia fibrilar. Los lotes Atlántico y Mediterráneo mostraron un comportamiento semejante frente a la temperatura durante las fases de rápido crecimiento (larvario y postlarvario). Sin embargo, al final de cada estadío de desarrollo se apreciaron diferencias entre ambas poblaciones. La aplicación de pequeños incrementos de temperatura durante la incubación aumentó el crecimiento larvario posterior, manifiestándose principalmente al final de la metamorfosis larvaria. / The effect of incubating and rearing temperatures was studied on the development and muscle growth of both Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of D. labrax. During the endogenous feeding stage the higher temperature preferently increased muscle fibres hypertrophy. In the prelarval stage the muscle fibre hyperplasia almost ceased, and this fact was hardly modified by the temperature. Later on, during the rapid growth stage of external feeding, the hyperplastic growth of the myotome was significantly higher in the warm reared fishes (17 and 19 ºC). Muscle growth dynamics were very similar in the Atlantic and Mediteranean stocks during most of the larval and early stages of the postlarval phase (rapid muscle growth periods). However, at the end of each developmental stage both stocks showed significant differences. The application of small increases of temperature during the short incubating period of D. Labrax resulted in a gradual higher growth rate at the end of the larval development.

This research aims to develop a low-frequency response control methodology capable of delivering a consistent spectral and temporal response over a wide listening area. Low-frequency room acoustics are naturally plagued by room-modes, a result of standing waves at frequencies with wavelengths that are integer multiples of one or more room dimension. The standing wave pattern is different for each modal frequency, causing a complicated sound field exhibiting a highly position-dependent frequency response. Enhanced systems are investigated with multiple degrees of freedom (independently-controllable sound radiating sources) to provide adequate low-frequency response control. The proposed solution, termed a chameleon subwoofer array or CSA, adopts the most advantageous aspects of existing room-mode correction methodologies while emphasizing efficiency and practicality. Multiple degrees of freedom are ideally achieved by employing what is designated a hybrid subwoofer, which provides four orthogonal degrees of freedom configured within a modest-sized enclosure. The CSA software algorithm integrates both objective and subjective measures to address listener preferences including the possibility of individual real-time control. CSAs and existing techniques are evaluated within a novel acoustical modeling system (FDTD simulation toolbox) developed to meet the requirements of this research. Extensive virtual development of CSAs has led to experimentation using a prototype hybrid subwoofer. The resulting performance is in line with the simulations, whereby variance across a wide listening area is reduced by over 50% with only four degrees of freedom. A supplemental novel correction algorithm addresses correction issues at select narrow frequency bands. These frequencies are filtered from the signal and replaced using virtual bass to maintain all aural information, a psychoacoustical effect giving the impression of low-frequency. Virtual bass is synthesized using an original hybrid approach combining two mainstream synthesis procedures while suppressing each method‟s inherent weaknesses. This algorithm is demonstrated to improve CSA output efficiency while maintaining acceptable subjective performance.

Aquaculture is an essential developing sector for world food production however one of the major bottlenecks for the sustainability of the aquaculture industry is the ability to control fish reproduction in captivity and to produce high quality seeds. European sea bass is a one of most commercially important species for the European fish farming industry. If broodstock management under captivity is well established, problems remain in hatcheries where survival can be low and deformity prevalence high as well as in on growing sites where fish reach puberty early especially with skewed sex ratio towards males. Sea bass displays strong seasonality in its physiology and is therefore an excellent candidate for the study of the photo-neuroendocrine control of reproduction and growth. The overall aims of this thesis were to better understand the molecular and endocrine drivers that control the Brain-Pituitary-Gonad axis in repeat spawner sea bass, and expand our knowledge of sea bass light and temperature regulation of melatonin production. First, this PhD project investigated the seasonal expression of kisspeptin, GnRH and gonadotropin genes in relation to the gonadal development throughout a reproductive cycle in male repeat spawning sea bass (Chapter 3). A partial sequence for the receptor kissr4 was isolated and described showing similarity to all other teleost species sequences available to date. QPCR molecular assays were validated to mesure the expression of a suite of genes along the BPG axis including kisspeptin related genes (Kiss1 and Kiss2 and its receptor kissr4) over a full reproductive cycle (12 months) in adult male European sea bass. Brain Kisspeptin mRNA expression levels (kiss1, 2 and kissr4) showed clear seasonal profiles and correlated well to other BPG markers (GnRHs, fshβ and lhβ), supporting a possible involvement of kisspeptin genes in the seasonal control of reproduction in repeat spawning sea bass. Moreover, clear seasonal patterns were observed for expression of the genes encoding for pituitary mRNA expression of lhβ and fshβ, with a significant correlation between expression of both subunits and GSI and steroids levels. However, no clear seasonal profiles in brain GnRHs gene expression were observed with the exception to some peaks in GnRH1 and GnRH2. The second part of this PhD project investigated the potential direct effect of the two kisspeptin core peptides (kiss1 and kiss2) on the pituitary gonadotropin gene expression (Chapter 4). The aim of this work was to better understand the mechanism by which kisspeptin acts on the BPG axis. This was done by testing the kisspeptin decapeptide core sequences on the lhβ and fshβ transcript expression in primary culture of sea bass pituitary cells using QPCR technique. The findings, as a whole, provided evidence that kisspeptin can act directly on the pituitary gonadotroph cells and modulate fshß and lhß mRNA expression in sea bass although effects were limited and not uniform. Of note, kissr4 gene expression was also detected in the sea bass pituitary. The third part of this PhD project focused on the effects of environmental signals (photoperiod and temperature) on melatonin production (Chapter 5). Environmental manipulation is routinely used in the aquaculture industry with the purpose of enhancing growth and manipulating the timing of reproduction in seasonal fish species like sea bass. Melatonin, known as the light perception and time keeping hormone, has been suggested to play key roles in the synchronisation of most physiological functions in vertebrates, although the mechanisms by which melatonin controls reproduction, growth and behaviour are still not fully understood in fish. The studies performed aimed .to determine the synergistic effects of both temperature and photoperiod on the daily phase and amplitudinal changes in melatonin production through both in vivo and in vitro trials. The results confirmed the diel melatonin rhythm in sea bass as previously reported in many teleost species with “high at night” and “low at day” melatonin profiles. Temperature showed clear effects on the amplitude of the melatonin production under both in vivo and in vitro conditions for both long day and short day photoperiods. Furthermore, no endogenous melatonin production was found under constant darkness in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. These results suggested a lack of intrapineal (or located elsewhere such as retina and/or deep brain) oscillators in sea bass, contrasting with previous reports. These results further enhance our knowledge of light perception and circadian rhythmicity in sea bass, while the circadian system remains to be characterised in sea bass and teleosts as a whole. Overall, this doctoral work broadened our understanding on the photoneuroendocrine control of reproduction in a seasonal fish species, sea bass. New knowledge gained and tools developed from this work should help to develop/optimise husbandry techniques for the sea bass farming industry with the view to increase production and profitability and thus promoting the sustainable expansion of the sea bass aquaculture in Europe. It has also the potential to help the fishery sector in the modelling of wild sea bass populations.

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-58). Also available on the World Wide Web.