<p>This study focuses on how the heritage of slavery has affected the mothering of two mothers in Toni Morrison's novels <em>Sula </em>and <em>Beloved </em>and how this is portrayed in the novels. It has made a comparison between the mothers and many similarities are found in the lives of these women although they live in different time periods. The essay also elucidates aspects of power and powerlessness as well as the consequences of motherlove.</p>

Work toward ecumenical liturgical convergence may be traced back to at least 1910; however, this project thesis expands upon the concept of full, active, and conscious participation in worship found in the 1963 Second Ecumenical Vatican Council’s Sacrosanctum Concilium to illumine how shaping the worship practices of the Church can make our communities of faith inclusive of all sexual orientations and gender expressions. This thesis presents the design of a curriculum for worship leaders to reflect upon the worship practices of these local context, and move from their current state to a place where all members of the beloved community are valued.

Feminist epistemologists have often argued that our relationships with structures of power shape the content, expression, and social force of what we know. While feminist standpoint theorists have often maintained that experiences on the margins of social power can lead to better understandings of the roles of systems of oppression in society, more recent writings on epistemologies of ignorance examine the reverse, how experiences from positions of social power limit our understandings. In this project, I draw on the concept of epistemic privilege as it has been formulated by feminist standpoint theorists, criticisms of objectivity and fixed, transcendent truths, and analyses of the relationships between structures of power and concepts of knowing. By considering the works of Sandra Harding, Lorraine Code, and Patricia Hill Collins, among others, I argue that knowledge is situational and contingent and that some individuals possess privileged understandings due to their positions on the margins of power structures. However, I also argue that, in order for feminist epistemology to utilize the concept of epistemic privilege successfully, it must incorporate a concept of error into its considerations of constructions of knowledge. Thus, throughout this dissertation, I examine how a concept of error could bolster efforts to subvert the dominant approaches to knowledge that have upheld male privilege and undermine the patriarchal power structures that rely on them. I propose a form of feminist inquiry that incorporates a method of error sensitivity, which will enable inquirers to recognize when institutions of power, individual limitations, and cultural myths are restricting knowing subjects' perspectives and leading them to commit errors. This concept of error, and the related approach to error-sensitive inquiry, relies upon a commitment to continuous and ever-expanding inquiry by a community, rather than an isolated individual. Thus, I derive much of my conceptual framework from the work of Josiah Royce and his concepts of the Beloved Community, loyalty to loyalty, and communities of interpretation.

In this essay I discuss the notion of memory and its effect on the three main characters of the book &quot;Beloved&quot; by Toni Morrison and additionally how these characters through their individual relationships with a ghost (in the shape of a young woman) are assisted to move towards a healthier life where they can live in the present. The memories of these characters, Sethe, Denver and Paul D, all differ, but still not one of them has the ability to live in the present. For Paul D and Sethe the haunting memories are due to their days as slaves, and additionally for Sethe, the fact that she murdered one of her children. Denver however, is merely the victim of her mother?s memories, and is more or less imprisoned in a monotonous life. The young (ghost) woman, who relieves these characters from their pasts, is though to be the reincarnation of Sethe?s murdered child Beloved. With her arrival, Beloved forces the characters to move away from their stagnated lives through dealing with their memories of the past and simultaneously finding new knowledge about themselves.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Susana Aparecida da Silva.pdf: 2277221 bytes, checksum: 9d74e7ccb72f35d3c4d7df842a7aed32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to exegetical analysis on Ct 5,9-16. This section contains a description of the female beloved by the male beloved. To the question of Jerusalem's daughters about the male beloved superiority (v. 9), the female beloved responds with a song, a wasf in which exalts your loved above all men (v. 10). For this, she describes some physical traits (vv. 10-15), starting from the head (v. 11), holding up in the face of some details (vv. 12-13), passes through the hands, trunk and legs (vv. 14-15) and concludes with an exclamation affection and admiration (v. 16). As a canon and considered inspired book, the words written in language and poetic style seems to contain not only a description of the erotic male figure, but also contains images with a theological symbolism referring to the God of the Old Israel. It is therefore specific purpose of this study to understand and interpret Ct 5.9 to 16, in order to understand how the Israel of God is revealed through the loving description of the beloved, not only exalts the figure of the male human body, but also refers the poetic symbols of the divine character / A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade a análise exegética de Ct 5,9-16. Este trecho contém uma descrição do amado por parte da amada. À questão das filhas de Jerusalém a respeito da superioridade do amado (v. 9), a amada responde com um cântico, um wasf, no qual exalta o seu amado acima de todos os homens (v. 10). Para isto, ela descreve alguns traços corporais (vv. 10-15), partindo da cabeça (v. 11), detendo-se em alguns detalhes da face (vv. 12-13), passa pelas mãos, o tronco e as pernas (vv. 14-15) e conclui com uma exclamação de afeto e admiração (v. 16). Como um livro canônico e considerado inspirado, o trecho escrito em linguagem e estilo poético parece conter não somente uma descrição erótica da figura masculina, mas também contém imagens com um simbolismo teológico referente ao Deus do Antigo Israel. Portanto, é objetivo específico do presente estudo compreender e interpretar Ct 5,9-16, no sentido de entender como o Deus de Israel se revela através da descrição amorosa da amada, que não somente exalta a figura do corpo humano masculino, mas também remete aos símbolos poéticos dos caracteres divinos

The aim of this study was to investigate the strategies used to transfer aspects of culture in the translation of an English novel into Zulu. For this purpose, C.L. S. Nyembezi' s Zulu translation, Lafa Elihle Kakhulu ([1957] 1983), and Alan Paton's Cry, the Beloved Country ([ 1948] 1966) were used. In the study a cultural model for translation, used within the descriptive translation studies paradigm, was adopted in order to conduct a comparative analysis of proper names, terms of address, idiomatic expressions, figurative speech and aspects of contemporary life. It was found that Nyembezi mainly used cultural substitution, transference, domestication, addition and omission as translation strategies. The findings also showed that in resorting to these strategies certain rnicrotextual shifts resulted in macrotextual modifications of the translated novel as a whole. The macrotextual elements of the translated text most affected by microtextual shifts are characterisation and focalisation which, in turn, influence style and theme. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The aim of this essay is to explore motherhood in two postcolonial literary works by African American author Toni Morrison and British author Caryl Phillips, who was born in the Caribbean. The essay is based on Morrison’s award winning novel Beloved, which was published in 1987 and was inspired by the escaping African American slave Margareth Garner. It is set just after the American Civil War and the novels deals with the trauma of slavery from the perspective of Sethe, a slave who kills her own daughter to save her from slavery. The second novel on which this essay is based is Caryl Phillips’ novel Crossing the River, which was published 1993 and focused on the African diaspora from different perspectives. Crossing the River is a non-chronological narrative covering four different characters (three African American people and one white slave trader during the eighteenth century). This essay, however, only deals with the last of the four narratives depicting white British Joyce who mothers a child with African American soldier Travis. The hypothesis on which the essay is based is that the institution of American slavery has denied the female protagonists in the two novels, Sethe and Joyce, their maternal selves. The analysis revealed that both women suffer from racial domination, and race, or simply skin color, is what leads to the maternal loss of the two protagonists. Both authors depict the world of the colonizer and the colonized and they address the common pain and guilt shared by black as well as white people.

This thesis examines the theological and practical functioning of American Baptist Women’s Ministries, American Baptist Churches USA, as it has engaged in a “Becoming Beloved Community” initiative. It argues that theological grounding in a vision of Beloved Community is a necessary missing element in transforming the way the organization pursues its mission. Since 2014, the organization has conducted a cultural audit, assessing attitudes and readiness, and it has developed some strategies and tactics as a result. However, without a solid theological grounding and a deeper understanding of what adhering to a vision of beloved community may mean in terms of structure and decision-making processes, these strategies and tactics are less effective than they could be. This thesis draws upon the writings of Howard Thurman and Martin Luther King, Jr., on process theology, and on woman’s liberation theologies to assess current practices in AB Women’s Ministries and provide a more robust theological grounding for the concept of “Becoming Beloved Community.” In constructing the theological grounding, a list of marks of beloved community is developed and used as an evaluative tool for current practices in the organization. Using adaptive leadership theory and complexity leadership theory, the thesis also develops recommendations for the future.

This essay is a close-reading study of Toni Morrison's novel Beloved. The purpose of this essay is to investigate and describe Gérard Genette's narratological theories and their function in the novel when looking at how the story is told. The questions that are being answered are how flashbacks actually affect the chronological order of events and who the narrator is that’s telling the story. The methods that are being used in the report are a close-reading of Beloved and making a selection of previous research. The selected research will show an overview of some examples of areas and theories that has been used in other essays. In the summary it appears from the result of the analysis that flashbacks functions as explanations of the characters' thoughts or actions in the present and that the narrator most of the time is the character that is in a particular situation.

The term "narratives of confinement" redefines the parameters by which first-person, fictive and non-fictive, accounts of female captivity are classified, broadening the genre beyond Indian captivity narratives and slave narratives to include other works in which female narrators describe physical and/or psychological confinement due to tangible or non-tangible forces. Often these narratives exhibit the transformation of the drudgery of housewifery into powerful symbols of resistance and subversion, especially in reaction to traumatic events related to confinement. Needlework and food, including its preparation and distribution, frequently emerge as metaphors that express the ways in which disempowered women seek to regain control in their lives: sewing often represents an effort by women to seize power, blending the creative act with economic achievement; food preparation also relates to creativity and economic achievement and often represents love and nurturing. In this study, I examine three representative narratives of confinement, using close reading and scholarly evidence as support: Mary Rowlandson's 1682 Indian captivity narrative, A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson; Harriet Jacobs' 1861 slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself; and Toni Morrison's 1987 fictional neo-slave narrative, Beloved. My examination begins the dialogue regarding the connection between domestic metaphors and narratives of confinement, broadening scholarship to allow more consideration for the subtle, feminized language of domesticity.