Over the last decades the amount of weeds in our fields have noticeably decreased. The easily annihilated and susceptible species were almost eradicated by means of herbicides and agrotechnical operations. Their place was taken by more resistant species, which are a huge problem for the farmers. For this purpose I decided to make an experiment under the working circumstances. I observed the occurrence of the weeds in certain localities. Especially I concentrated on the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti), on its occurrence, regulation, extension and susceptibility or resistance to certain herbicides. The effect of the tested herbicide combinations was statistically significant for silky bent grass as well as for the other weeds (P 0.05). The coach grass was the only exception, where the effect of these preparations was not proved, as well as Vicia cracca, Lamium purpurem, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum (P > 0.05). However the coach grass appeared among these inconclusively responsive weeds more frequently. (P >0.05). As the results of experiment showed, the most effective combinations for elimination of the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) were Sumimax + Glean, Cugar Forte + Glean + Dural a Cugar Forte + Logran. All these combinations were proved to be 100% effective against the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti). The other combinations were not 100% effective. These comprised Rapsan + Command+ Grounded with 89 % effectivity, Sumimax + Logran 91 % effectivity a Butisan+ Clomate+ Grounded 67 % effectivity. The results show that the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is more susceptible to some herbicide combinations and in the fields it can be successfully reduced. On the contrary the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is resilient to some other agents. From this point of view the right choice of the herbicides is crucial in next year.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T20:31:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaOliveiraDeAraujoSilva_TESE.pdf: 783632 bytes, checksum: d5a28b9c131a2a8187ccb70b95821d14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-08T17:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaOliveiraDeAraujoSilva_TESE.pdf: 783632 bytes, checksum: d5a28b9c131a2a8187ccb70b95821d14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-08T17:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaOliveiraDeAraujoSilva_TESE.pdf: 783632 bytes, checksum: d5a28b9c131a2a8187ccb70b95821d14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A eutrofiza??o ? a causa mais comum de deteriora??o da qualidade da ?gua no mundo. Este processo se d? pela entrada excessiva de nutrientes, nitrog?nio e f?sforo, nos corpos aqu?ticos causando flora??es de algas e cianobact?rias. Em lagos rasos esses efeitos s?o mais complicados devido a uma maior intera??o do corpo aqu?tico com o entorno, com o ar e o sedimento. Existem v?rias t?cnicas de restaura??o de lagos eutrofizados, com uma vasta gama de resultados bem sucedidos, mas no Brasil h? apenas um ?nico caso de restaura??o bem sucedida: o lago Parano? em Bras?lia. A regi?o semi?rida brasileira possui milhares de lagos artificiais, regionalmente chamados de a?udes, em sua maioria rasos e eutr?ficos. A eutrofiza??o desses corpos aqu?ticos ? documentada e o fitopl?ncton desses ambientes ? frequentemente dominado por cianobact?rias potencialmente t?xicas. O principal objetivo desta tese de doutorado ? testar diferentes t?cnicas de restaura??o da qualidade da ?gua que possam ser facilmente aplicadas em lagos rasos do semi?rido brasileiro. Resultados de um experimento em laborat?rio sugerem que a aplica??o de argila adsorvente de f?sforo associada a um coagulante ? base de alum?nio ? uma t?cnica efetiva na remo??o do f?sforo reativo sol?vel e na diminui??o da taxa de crescimento da Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, cianobact?ria potencialmente t?xica que domina nos reservat?rios do semi?rido brasileiro, mas que esse efeito ? dependente da biomassa no momento da aplica??o da t?cnica. Os resultados de um experimento de campo realizado em mesocosmos num lago raso eutrofizado demonstraram que a aplica??o de coagulante ? base de alumn?nio em conjunto com a da remo??o de peixes bent?voros ? mais eficiente na remo??o de f?sforo total e clorofila-a da coluna de ?gua do que a aplica??o isolada de apenas uma dessas t?cnicas. Por fim, testes de laborat?rio demostraram que o coagulante ? base de alum?nio apresentou um bom desempenho em remover turbidez e f?sforo total em testes de bancada com ?gua de seis reservat?rios do semi?rido, sendo a efici?ncia reduzida com o aumento da biomassa de clorofila e pH. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que ? poss?vel melhorar a qualidade da ?gua de reservat?rios eutrofizados no semi?rido brasileiro atrav?s do controle da carga interna de nutrientes seja pela precipita??o e inativa??o do f?sforo no sedimento, como tamb?m pela inibi??o da libera??o do f?sforo no sedimento por peixes bioturbadores, e que os resultados s?o aditivos quando as t?cnicas s?o aplicadas em conjunto. / Eutrophication is the most common cause of water quality degradation in the world. This process occurs by excessive nutrients inputs, nitrogen and phosphorus, to the aquatic systems resulting in algal and cyanobacterial blooms. In shallow lakes these effects are pronounced due to the higher interaction of the lake with watershed, air and sediment. There are innumerous restoration techniques of eutrophied lakes with a range of successful results but there is only one case of successful lake restoration in Brazil: Parano? Lake in Bras?lia city. The Brazilian semiarid region has many artificial lakes, named a?udes, which are mostly eutrophic and shallow lakes. The eutrophication in these lakes is reported and the phytoplankton community is dominated by potentially toxic cyanobacteria species, mainly Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. The aim of this thesis is to test techniques for water quality management which can be easily applied in Brazilian semiarid lakes. Results from a laboratory experiment suggest that the addition of a phosphorus sorbent clay associated with an aluminium based coagulant is an effective technique in removing soluble reactive phosphorus and reducing C. raciborskii growth rate ? cyanobacteria potentially toxic dominant in reservoirs of Brazilian semiarid ? but this effect is dependent on the biomass in the application moment. Results from a field experiment in mesocosm in a eutrophied lake showed that the addition of aluminium based coagulant and removal of benthivorous fish is more efficient in removing total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a from water column than the isolated application of one of the techniques. Lastly, laboratory tests showed that aluminium based coagulant exhibited good performance in removing turbidity and total phosphorus from water of six reservoirs but the efficiency was reduced by algal biomass and pH. The results of this study showed that the improvement in water quality of eutrophied reservoirs in semiarid region is possible through internal loading control by phosphorus precipitation and inactivation in sediments or inhibition of phosphorus release by benthivorous fishes, and also that these results show are additives in water quality improvement.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T19:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeLeaoCordeiroDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 6033643 bytes, checksum: 958aa1ad7170e354d48b68819bbeaf94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-28T23:04:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeLeaoCordeiroDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 6033643 bytes, checksum: 958aa1ad7170e354d48b68819bbeaf94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T23:04:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeLeaoCordeiroDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 6033643 bytes, checksum: 958aa1ad7170e354d48b68819bbeaf94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os estu?rios tem grande import?ncia como abrigo e ber??rio natural de animais marinhos, prov?m peixes para o homem,sustenta a cadeia alimentar, controla as a??es erosivas e alagamentos, atua nosistema de filtragem natural da polui??o e purifica??o do ar. O Rio Potengi temsido afetado por diversos fatores antr?picos ao longo dos anos, com v?riosdesastres ambientais que mataram peixes, aves e outros animais. Para analisar asitua??o recente do estu?rio do Rio Potengi, foram coletadas 42 amostras, 18 emOutubro/2011 ao longo do Rio Potengi e sua foz, e 24 em Janeiro/2012, inclu?mosa plataforma interna. An?lises univariadas (?ndices ecol?gicos) e multivariadas(PCA, MDS, CLUSTER e BIOENV) foramaplicadas ? matriz dos dados biol?gicos de foramin?feros e abi?ticos (CaCO3,salinidade, profundidade, temperatura e granulometria). Os resultados mostram a domin?ncia deforamin?feros oportunistas A. tepida,B. striatula, Q. patagonica e Q. milettiespecialmente nas regi?es pr?ximas ?s fazendas de carcinicultura e ao esgoto doCanal do Baldo em ambientes de granulometria fina, e Q. lamarckiana indicadora da penetra??o da cunha salina e ambientesde alta hidrodin?mica associada a sedimentos de areia grossa a muito fina. A presen?a de esp?cies caracter?sticasmarinhas H. boueana, E. discoidale, P. atlanticum, T. earlandie T. gramen na Foz do Rio Potengi ena plataforma interna indicam ambientes de altas salinidades. A ocorr?ncia dealgumas esp?cies tolerantes ? baixa salinidade como T. inflata e T. squamatano Canal do Rio Potengi sugerem que provavelmente devem ter sido transportadosdo manguezal pr?ximo ? foz do Rio Potengi para as regi?es de plataformainterna, sugerindo que o contribuinte fluvial ? capaz de exportar organismos de?gua doce preferivelmente em dire??o sul do que em dire??o norte. / The Potengi River estuary has been affected by various anthropogenic factors over the years, as periodic dredging, industrial and domestic waste, traffic and other factors, causing various environmental disasters, including the notorious ecological accident in July 2007, which covered the municipalities of S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, Maca?ba and Natal. Foraminifera serve as viable study tools in these environments; they are able to identify ecologically stressed environments, pointing out hydrographic changes and depositional environments in estuaries. The necessity to check the differences in environmental gradients in places anthropically impacted in Potengi River and adjacent inner shelf through species of foraminifera, and, the responses of these organisms to physical, chemical and geological factors is to provide baseline in the diagnosis of environments. The results show the dominance of opportunistic Ammonia tepida, Bolivina striatula, Quinqueloculina patagonica and Q. miletti especially in regions close to shrimp farms and Baldo Channel sewage in fine grain environments; and Q. lamarckiana indicates penetration of the saline waters in Potengi River. The occurrence of low-salinity tolerant foraminiferal species typical of mangrove environments as Trochammina inflata and T. squamata in Potengi River Channel suggest they probably could have been transported from mangrove area near the Potengi river mouth to the inner shelf regions. These findings suggest Potengi River is able to export mixohaline and mangrove organisms to inner shelf. Two distinct environments were observed, the outermost area is more influenced by marine influence and the innermost area is less influenced. Calcareous and agglutinated species dominate Potengi River, while mouth and inner shelf areas are dominated by calcareous, agglutinated and porcelaneous species, which are typical of highly saline and hydrodynamic environments and the contributive factors that controls foraminiferal distribution were balance of marine and freshwater currents, grain size, availability of CaCO3 and organic matter.

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Design/Build education in architecture schools is growing in popularity across North America. I have researched the development of this movement, particularly as it has influenced educational programs. This paper begins with a review of the history of design/build at the University level. These historical precedents chart the course of several major benchmarks that have influenced design/build in the United States over the past 100 years. The second part of the study features a matrix highlighting seven current academic programs with long-term success in design/build. Then, I highlight my own design/build experiences within this format. After determining successful design/build programming, I used this information to develop a new curriculum. To test this new system, I led the development and realization of a local design/build project involving a Five College undergraduate team. This small-scale project was chosen in January and the physical build occurred in March, 2015. Completion of this project allowed for a critical analysis of this new method. This paper compares my results with the initial definition of program successes in an attempt to determine best practices for design/build curriculum moving forward.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese und die Charakterisierung von linearen, sternförmig und dendritisch verzweigten Carbosilanen mit Me2SiH-Funktionen, vorgestellt. So konnten oligomere Carbosilane mit CH2CH2CH2SiMe2- als auch CH2CH2SiMe2-Wiederholungseinheiten dargestellt werden. Als Aufbaureaktionen dienten sowohl Alkylierungsreaktionen mit Allylmagnesiumchlorid als auch Hydrosilylierungsschritte mit Chlordimethyl- und Chlordimethylvinylsilan. Die Überführung der SiMe2Cl-Gruppen in SiMe2H-Funktionen gelang durch die Umsetzung mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid. Besonderes Augenmerk lag auf dem Nachweis und der Abtrennung der bei diesen Reaktionen auftretenden Nebenprodukten. Einen Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildete die NMR-spektroskopische Charakterisierung obiger Verbindungen, wobei insbesondere 2D-NMR-Methoden und die 29Si{1H}-NMR-Spektros-kopie zum Einsatz kamen. Für die Kohlenstoff-13-Signale dieser Verbindungen konnte aus den gewonnenen Daten der Einfluss der peripheren Substituenten in einem Inkrementensystem zusammengefasst und als Zuordnungshilfe herangezogen werden. Bisher fand ein Teil dieser Verbindungen als Bausteine in flüssigkristallinen Materialien (Arbeitskreis von Prof. Tschierske, Halle) Verwendung und erste Ergebnisse dazu werden diskutiert.

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The paper presents the development methodology of a hydrostatic pump/motor for use in Parker Hannifin’s advanced series hydraulic hybrid transmissions for medium and heavy duty commercial vehicles. With Parker’s established bent-axis pump/motor technology for heavy duty mobile applications as a basis, it describes the main stages of further development and qualification for demanding automotive main drive transmissions. Parker’s APQP based, customer focused product development model was employed for this development which resulted in the variable bent-axis pump/motor C24 for open circuit hydrostatic transmissions. Positive customer results from a large fleet of in-service refuse collection trucks and parcel delivery vans with Parker advanced hydraulic hybrid drive systems using C24 pumps/motors serve as evidence of Parker’s product development model effectiveness. High reliability, good fuel economy, increased productivity and long brake life of the vehicles can directly be traced back to the streamlined, front-loaded and iterative development model.