Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Mendes Cardoso.pdf: 508364 bytes, checksum: d5302f9970a17a6383a4665bf3e11251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-01 / The bad living conditions of the jewish community, in the postexilic period, created the necessity of tough laws to control hygiene and sanitary habits, wich could keep the survival of that group. The Leviticus, in this chapter 13 and 14, was a real preventive medical treaty and their procedures envolved deep questions wich referred to a group of skin disorders known by the hebrew term tsara at. According to the people of that time, such disease came from the transgression of the Mosaic laws and could afecct either human beings or their clouthing or houses. From the break of this state of purity, they believed one would be struck sick by some kind of tsara at. There was the imposition of an isolation for those with the disease, what can be called as social exclusion. Such exclusion, however, was not intentional because they were tempted to the maximum to go back to the initial state of purity. On the other hand, even nowadays, with breakthroughs in medical therapy techniques, the occasional isolation of some patients with infecto-contagious diseases is still inevitable. Due to the fact that, without this isolation, inumerous other inocent victims could suffer with the dissemination of these patologies. The confusion aroused by the reading of the Lv 13-14, through several translations, where the term lepra substitutes for the original tsara at, comes from the maintainance of the first, wich its greek origin denotes to the second a group of unspecified skin disorder. This is to name another disease that nowadays is known by the name of leprosy and its ethiology is well known and wich character is highly contagious and deforming and, in some cases, when not duly treated, becomes a stigma and therefore demands a social exclusion due to the prejudice from those who are ignorant about the problem. / As condições desfavoráveis vividas pela comunidade judaica do pós-exílio impunham a necessidade da adoção de leis rígidas de controle higiênico e sanitário, capazes de permitir a sobrevivência daquele grupo. O livro do Levítico, em seus capítulos 13 e 14, constituía-se num verdadeiro tratado de medicina preventiva e o seguimento das normas ali contidas envolvia questões profundas referentes a um conjunto de doenças de pele, conhecidas pelo termo hebraico tsara at. Tal doença, conforme o entendimento daquelas pessoas, provinha da transgressão das leis mosaicas e era capaz de afetar tanto os seres humanos como também suas vestes e habitações. Da quebra deste estado de pureza, responsável pelo acometimento por alguma forma de tsara at, decorria a imposição de um isolamento do indivíduo afetado, configurando-se tal medida como excludente social. No entanto, tal exclusão não se revestia de uma intencionalidade, sobretudo porque eram tentados, ao máximo, todos os meios capazes de permitir a restauração daquele estado inicial de pureza. Por outro lado, mesmo na atualidade, com o advento das mais modernas técnicas de terapia médica, ainda se faz inevitável o isolamento ocasional dos portadores de algumas doenças infecto-contagiosas, sem o qual, inúmeras vítimas inocentes poderiam sofrer com a disseminação destas patologias. A confusão decorrente da leitura dos textos do Lv 13 e 14, através das diversas traduções onde o termo grego lepra é usado em lugar de tsara at, provém da manutenção deste primeiro, cuja origem denota igualmente ao segundo um conjunto de moléstias cutâneas inespecíficas, para denominar outra doença que na atualidade se conhece pelo nome de Mal de Hansen ou hanseníase, cuja etiologia é bastante conhecida e cujo caráter altamente transmissível e deformante em alguns casos e quando não devidamente tratados, configura-se como estigmatizante e, portanto, impositora de uma exclusão social devido ao preconceito que gera entre as pessoas menos esclarecidas.

The recent interest in bent core liquid crystal has shown many unique physical properties, such the anomalous behaviour of the elastic constants (SplayK1, Twist K2, and BendK3). In bent core liquid crystals it is observed that K3K1). Such behaviour is analogous to calamitic liquid crystals but is in contrast to all other bent-core nematic materials reported to date. Such a result questions some of the current explanations for the elastic behaviour of bent-core materials. Using molecular field theory and atomistic modelling the different elastic behaviour predicted is again in excellent agreement with experimental results. The bend angle is again shown to be an important part in determining the physical properties of bent-core nematic liquid crystals. In a mixture from an oxadiazole dopant and calamitic host liquid crystal, it was found that a filament structure appears in the nematic phase. The filaments appear to interfere with the measurements for elastic constants. In order to understand the filament structure many methods were used including SAXS, dielectric permittivity, and DSC. It was found that the mixture had formed a gel - like phase. The gel is composed of a liquid crystal network and a liquid crystal background, not seen before in any gel system. Due to the liquid crystalline properties both the network and the background can be aligned and manipulated. The new gel phase can possess many new unique properties which warrant further studies understand further into how fundamentally the phase is forming.

<p>Strauss, Richard, Don Juan, Op. 20</p><p>Sørensen, Bent,  Evening Land, 2017</p><p>Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyitch, Symphony No. 4, F minor, Op 36</p><p>Dirigent: Magnus Theodor Torpp Larsson</p><p>Orkester: Norrköpings Symfoniorkester</p>

This thesis depends on the paper &lsquo / Non-Boolean Almost Perfect Nonlinear Functions on Non- Abelian Groups&rsquo / by Laurent Poinsot and Alexander Pott and we have no new costructions here. We give an introduction about character theory and the paper of Poinsot and Pott, and we also compare previous definitions of bent functions with the definition of the bent function in the paper. As a conclusion, we give new theoretical definitions of bent, PN, APN ana maximum nonlinearity. Moreover, we show that bent and PN functions are not always same in the non-abelian cases.

Simple but still realistic physical models suitable for structural design of flat concrete plates and column footings with respect to punching are presented. Punching of a flat plate is assumed to occur when the concrete compression strain at the column edge due to the bending moment in the slab reaches a critical value that is considerably lower than the generally accepted ultimate compression strain 0.0035 for one-way structures loaded in bending. In compact slabs such as column footings the compression strength of the inclined strut from the load to the column is governing instead. Both the strain limit and the inclined stress limit display a size-effect, i.e. the limit values decrease with increasing depth of the compression zone in the slab. Due respect is also paid to increasing concrete brittleness with increasing compression strength. The influence of the bending moment means that flat plates with rectangular panels display a lower punching capacity than flat plates with square panels – a case that is not recognized by current design codes. As a consequence, punching shall be checked for each of the two reinforcement directions separately if the bending moments differ. Since the theory can predict the punching load as well as the ultimate deflection of test specimens with good precision, it can also treat the case where a bending moment, so called unbalanced moment, is transferred from the slab to the column. This opens up for a safer design than with the prevailing method. It is proposed that the column rotation in relation to the slab shall be checked instead of the unbalanced moment for both gravity loading and imposed story drift due to lateral loads. However, the risk for punching failure is a great disadvantage with flat plates. The failure is brittle and occurs without warning in the form of extensive concrete cracking and increased deflection. Punching at one column may even initiate punching at adjacent columns as well, which would cause progressive collapse of the total structure. A novel reinforcement concept is therefore presented that gives flat plates a very ductile behaviour, which eliminates the risk for punching failure. The performance is verified by tests with monotonic as well as cyclic loading. / QC 20100929

This master thesis presents a novel methodology for the  development of simulation models  for hydraulic pumps and motors. In this work, a generic simulation model capable of representing multiple axial piston machines is presented, implemented and validated. Validation of the developed generic simulation model is done by comparing the results from the simulation model with experimental measurements. The development of the generic model is done using AMESim. Today simulation models are an integral part of any development process concerning hydraulic machines. An improved methodology for developing these simulation models will affect both the development cost and time in a positive manner. Traditionally, specific simulation models dedicated to a certain pump or motor are created. This implies that a complete rethinking of the model structure has to be done when modeling a new pump or motor. Therefore when dealing with a large number of pumps and motors, this traditional way of model development could lead to large development time and cost. This thesis work presents a unique way of simulation model development where a single model could represent multiple pumps and motors resulting in lower development time and cost. An automated routine for simulation model creation is developed and implemented. This routine uses the generic simulation model as a template to automatically create simulation models requested by the user. For this purpose a user interface has been created through the use of Visual Basic scripting. This interface communicates with the generic simulation model allowing the user to either change it parametrically or completely transform it into another pump or motor. To determine the level of accuracy offered by the generic simulation model, simulation results are compared with experimental data. Moreover, an optimization routine to automatically fine tune the simulation model is also presented.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese und die Charakterisierung von linearen, sternförmig und dendritisch verzweigten Carbosilanen mit Me2SiH-Funktionen, vorgestellt. So konnten oligomere Carbosilane mit CH2CH2CH2SiMe2- als auch CH2CH2SiMe2-Wiederholungseinheiten dargestellt werden. Als Aufbaureaktionen dienten sowohl Alkylierungsreaktionen mit Allylmagnesiumchlorid als auch Hydrosilylierungsschritte mit Chlordimethyl- und Chlordimethylvinylsilan. Die Überführung der SiMe2Cl-Gruppen in SiMe2H-Funktionen gelang durch die Umsetzung mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid. Besonderes Augenmerk lag auf dem Nachweis und der Abtrennung der bei diesen Reaktionen auftretenden Nebenprodukten. Einen Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildete die NMR-spektroskopische Charakterisierung obiger Verbindungen, wobei insbesondere 2D-NMR-Methoden und die 29Si{1H}-NMR-Spektros-kopie zum Einsatz kamen. Für die Kohlenstoff-13-Signale dieser Verbindungen konnte aus den gewonnenen Daten der Einfluss der peripheren Substituenten in einem Inkrementensystem zusammengefasst und als Zuordnungshilfe herangezogen werden. Bisher fand ein Teil dieser Verbindungen als Bausteine in flüssigkristallinen Materialien (Arbeitskreis von Prof. Tschierske, Halle) Verwendung und erste Ergebnisse dazu werden diskutiert.

Strut-and-tie modeling (STM) is a versatile, lower-bound (i.e. conservative) design method for reinforced concrete structural components. Uncertainty expressed by engineers related to the implementation of existing STM code specifications as well as a growing inventory of distressed in-service bent caps exhibiting diagonal cracking was the impetus for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to fund research project 0-5253, D-Region Strength and Serviceability Design, and the current implementation project (5-5253-01). As part of these projects, simple, accurate STM specifications were developed. This thesis acts as a guidebook for application of the proposed specifications and is intended to clarify any remaining uncertainties associated with strut-and-tie modeling. A series of five detailed design examples feature the application of the STM specifications. A brief overview of each design example is provided below. The examples are prefaced with a review of the theoretical background and fundamental design process of STM (Chapter 2). • Example 1: Five-Column Bent Cap of a Skewed Bridge - This design example serves as an introduction to the application of STM. Challenges are introduced by the bridge’s skew and complicated loading pattern. A clear procedure for defining relatively complex nodal geometries is presented. • Example 2: Cantilever Bent Cap - A strut-and-tie model is developed to represent the flow of forces around a frame corner subjected to closing loads. The design and detailing of a curved-bar node at the outside of the frame corner is described. • Example 3a: Inverted-T Straddle Bent Cap (Moment Frame) - An inverted-T straddle bent cap is modeled as a component within a moment frame. Bottom-chord (ledge) loading of the inverted-T necessitates the use of local STMs to model the flow of forces through the bent cap’s cross section. • Example 3b: Inverted-T Straddle Bent Cap (Simply Supported) - The inverted-T bent cap of Example 3a is designed as a member that is simply supported at the columns. • Example 4: Drilled-Shaft Footing - Three-dimensional STMs are developed to properly model the flow of forces through a deep drilled-shaft footing. Two unique load cases are considered to familiarize the designer with the development of such models. / text

Significant diagonal cracking in reinforced concrete inverted-T straddle bent caps has been reported throughout the State of Texas. Many of the distressed structures were recently constructed and all have been in service for less than two decades. The unique nature of the problem prompted a more detailed look into the design and behavior of such structural components. Strut-and-tie modeling is currently recommended for design of deep (rectangular) beams, but its application to more complex structures has not been fully explored. Due to concerns with current design provisions the application of strut-and-tie modeling to inverted-T beams was investigated along with serviceability-related considerations in this dissertation. An experimental study was conducted in which thirty-three reinforced concrete inverted-T beam tests were conducted. The effects of the following variables were evaluated: ledge depth and length, quantity of web reinforcement, number of point loads, member depth, and shear span-to-depth ratio. A strut-and-tie design method proposed by Birrcher et. al (2009), initially calibrated for compression-chord loaded deep beams, was investigated. It was concluded that the strut-and-tie method was a simple and accurate design method, and it was recommended for use in inverted-T beam design. A vi recommendation was also made for the amount of minimum web reinforcement needed for strength and serviceability considerations. A simple service-load check was proposed for the purpose of limiting diagonal cracking under service loads. Finally, a chart was created to aid in the evaluation of distressed, diagonally-cracked inverted-T bent caps in the field. / text

Significant diagonal cracking in reinforced concrete inverted-T (IT) straddle bent caps has been reported throughout the State of Texas. Many of the distressed structures were recently constructed and have generally been in service for less than two decades. The unique nature of the problem prompted a closer look into the design and behavior of such structural components. A preliminary investigation highlighted outdated design requirements and a scarcity of experimental investigations pertaining to inverted-T bent caps. This research project (TxDOT Project 0-6416, Shear Cracking in Inverted-T Straddle Bents) aims to improve current understanding of the behavior of inverted-T caps, while providing updated design provisions. In order to develop strength and serviceability guidelines for inverted-T beams, an extensive experimental program was developed. This series of large scale tests was used to evaluate the strength and serviceability of IT deep beams in relation to the following parameters – shear span-to-depth (a/d) ratio, web reinforcement ratio, ledge height, ledge length, number of point loads, and member depth. This report focuses mainly on results from a first series of tests conducted within this experimental program. / text