Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 113537.pdf: 1894053 bytes, checksum: d4ef438a51a3fa4352365c83a26581e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the context of a globalized world, companies and nations increasingly seek to raise its competitiveness and to ensure its development. A key element to this is innovation, which allows the creation of new products and processes and the improvement of the existing ones. For the reach of innovation, however, it is necessary interaction and coordination between actors from different areas through partnerships to the complement of competences. Joining these assumptions comes the concept of innovation clusters, which has its origin in the nineteenth century with the work of Marshall and had the contribution of various theorists over the years. The city of Florianópolis, aware of the importance of cooperative work in this process, has been investing in initiatives that benefit cooperation between actors from different spheres, among which the formation of an arrangement of nanotechnology. In this way, considering the reality of the city of Florianópolis, which has several laboratories and companies in the area and financial incentives for cooperative work, this work aimed to understand the concept of innovation clusters, as well as its operation and its best practices to collaborate with local development. The analysis of the clusters literature and their similar terms, of the nanotechnology sector of the city and the case study of best practices of two clusters of success - Medical Valley and Nanotechnology Cluster - contributed to the achievement of the general objective of proposing guidelines to assist the consolidation of a cluster of nanotechnology in Florianópolis, in the light of best practice of Germany. It was possible to notice that the theory is very much in line with the studied practice and that, with the help of simple strategies and mechanisms, the city has great potential to develop such activities. / No contexto de um mundo globalizado, empresas e nações buscam cada vez mais ampliar sua competitividade e garantir seu desenvolvimento. Um elemento fundamental para isso é a inovação, que permite a criação de novos produtos e processos e a melhoria dos já existentes. Para o alcance da inovação, entretanto, é necessária a interação e articulação entre atores de diferentes áreas por meio de parcerias para a complementaridade de competências. Unindo essas premissas, surge o conceito de clusters de inovação, que tem sua origem ainda no século XIX com os trabalhos de Marshall e conta com a contribuição de diversos teóricos ao longo dos anos. A cidade de Florianópolis, ciente da importância do trabalho cooperado nesse processo, vem investindo em iniciativas que beneficiem a cooperação entre atores de diversas esferas, dentre as quais a formação de um arranjo de nanotecnologia. Dessa forma, tendo em vista a realidade da cidade de Florianópolis, que conta com diversos laboratórios e empresas na área e incentivos financeiros para trabalhos cooperados, procurou-se nesse trabalho compreender o conceito de clusters de inovação, bem como seu funcionamento e suas melhores práticas para colaborar com o desenvolvimento local. A análise da evolução da literatura de clusters e seus termos similares, do setor de nanotecnologia da cidade e o estudo de caso das melhores práticas de dois clusters de sucesso ¿ Medical Valley e Cluster Nanotecnologia ¿ contribuíram para o alcance do objetivo geral da pesquisa de propor diretrizes para auxiliar na consolidação de um cluster de nanotecnologia em Florianópolis, à luz de melhores práticas da Alemanha. Foi possível perceber que a teoria está bastante alinhada com a prática observada e que, com a ajuda de estratégias e mecanismos simples, a cidade possui grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de atividades desse tipo.

A argamassa é um material largamente utilizado na construção civil, desempenhando diversas funções. Entretanto, muitas falhas vêm sendo observadas nos revestimentos de argamassa, principalmente nas fachadas. O aparecimento de manifestações patológicas em um edifício compromete a sua estética e o conforto ambiental, ocasionando uma desvalorização do mesmo perante o mercado, aumento insatisfação dos usuários e também elevados gastos com reparos e manutenção. Outro problema é a grande incidência de perdas de materiais, que resultam em prejuízos financeiros às empresas, além de acarretar a geração de entulho, que muitas vezes não recebe o devido tratamento e disposição final, tendo um impacto negativo também no meio ambiente. O objetivo dessa dissertação é identificar as causas do baixo desempenho de revestimentos de fachada de argamassa em edifícios e propor diretrizes para melhoria deste processo. Foram desenvolvidos oito estudos de caso em empresas construtoras de Porto Alegre - RS. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas várias ferramentas de descrição de processos e de avaliação do seu desempenho.Os principais resultados indicaram uma série de problemas no processo: alta variabilidade nas espessuras de revestimento, nos traços utilizados durante a confecção das argamassas e nos métodos de produção, inclusive dentro de uma mesma obra, elevadas perdas de materiais e de mão-de-obra, baixa produtividade, decorrente do inadequado dimensionamento das equipes de produção e de problemas no sistema de movimentação e armazenamento de materiais, e manifestações patológicas em revestimentos recentemente concluídos. Ao final do trabalho, é proposto um método de avaliação do processo de revestimento de argamassa em fachadas, são identificadas e descritas boas práticas introduzidas pelas empresas e são sugeridas melhorias no processo estudado. / Mortar is a widely used material in various functions in the construction industry. Nevertheless, many fails have been observed in rendering, mainly in façades. The incidence of building pathologies negatively affects its aesthetics and environmental comfort, and may result in a reduction of its market value, low degree of user satisfaction, and also high repair and maintenance costs. Another problem is the high incidence of materials waste, that causes financial losses, as well as generates site waste, which often does not receive an adequate treatment and final disposal, having also a negative impact in the environment. The main objective of this dissertation is to identify the main causes of low performance of building external rendering in mortar and to propose guidelines for improving this process. Case studies were carried out in eight different construction companies form Porto Alegre – RS. Several data collection tools were used for describing the main processes involved and assessing their performance. The investigation pointed out the problems in this process: high variability in rendering thickness, in mortar proportions, and in production methods, even in the same construction site; high percentage of material waste and low labor productivity, due to the inadequate definition of production teams and drawbacks in the material transportation and storage system; and building pathologies in recently concluded rendering. At the end, this study proposes a method for evaluating the process of mortar rendering in façades, identifies and describes best practices introduces by the companies and suggests improvements in that process.

A argamassa é um material largamente utilizado na construção civil, desempenhando diversas funções. Entretanto, muitas falhas vêm sendo observadas nos revestimentos de argamassa, principalmente nas fachadas. O aparecimento de manifestações patológicas em um edifício compromete a sua estética e o conforto ambiental, ocasionando uma desvalorização do mesmo perante o mercado, aumento insatisfação dos usuários e também elevados gastos com reparos e manutenção. Outro problema é a grande incidência de perdas de materiais, que resultam em prejuízos financeiros às empresas, além de acarretar a geração de entulho, que muitas vezes não recebe o devido tratamento e disposição final, tendo um impacto negativo também no meio ambiente. O objetivo dessa dissertação é identificar as causas do baixo desempenho de revestimentos de fachada de argamassa em edifícios e propor diretrizes para melhoria deste processo. Foram desenvolvidos oito estudos de caso em empresas construtoras de Porto Alegre - RS. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas várias ferramentas de descrição de processos e de avaliação do seu desempenho.Os principais resultados indicaram uma série de problemas no processo: alta variabilidade nas espessuras de revestimento, nos traços utilizados durante a confecção das argamassas e nos métodos de produção, inclusive dentro de uma mesma obra, elevadas perdas de materiais e de mão-de-obra, baixa produtividade, decorrente do inadequado dimensionamento das equipes de produção e de problemas no sistema de movimentação e armazenamento de materiais, e manifestações patológicas em revestimentos recentemente concluídos. Ao final do trabalho, é proposto um método de avaliação do processo de revestimento de argamassa em fachadas, são identificadas e descritas boas práticas introduzidas pelas empresas e são sugeridas melhorias no processo estudado. / Mortar is a widely used material in various functions in the construction industry. Nevertheless, many fails have been observed in rendering, mainly in façades. The incidence of building pathologies negatively affects its aesthetics and environmental comfort, and may result in a reduction of its market value, low degree of user satisfaction, and also high repair and maintenance costs. Another problem is the high incidence of materials waste, that causes financial losses, as well as generates site waste, which often does not receive an adequate treatment and final disposal, having also a negative impact in the environment. The main objective of this dissertation is to identify the main causes of low performance of building external rendering in mortar and to propose guidelines for improving this process. Case studies were carried out in eight different construction companies form Porto Alegre – RS. Several data collection tools were used for describing the main processes involved and assessing their performance. The investigation pointed out the problems in this process: high variability in rendering thickness, in mortar proportions, and in production methods, even in the same construction site; high percentage of material waste and low labor productivity, due to the inadequate definition of production teams and drawbacks in the material transportation and storage system; and building pathologies in recently concluded rendering. At the end, this study proposes a method for evaluating the process of mortar rendering in façades, identifies and describes best practices introduces by the companies and suggests improvements in that process.

Nas últimas décadas, diversos estudos acadêmicos investigaram práticas de gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SST) de forma a identificar fatores que contribuem para o sucesso de programas de prevenção de acidentes no setor da construção civil. A maior parte desses estudos foi baseada na realização de surveys e objetivaram identificar correlações entre as taxas de acidentes de cada empresa e a existência ou não de práticas, permitindo apontar os conjuntos de práticas que têm maior impacto na SST. Em que pesem as contribuições destes estudos, principalmente no que diz respeito à identificação e disseminação de práticas associadas à prevenção de acidentes, quatro principais críticas podem ser feitas: (a) não há um conceito definido de o que são boas práticas e critérios para categorizá-las; (b) escopo limitado a grandes empresas de países desenvolvidos; (c) a falta de um referencial teórico adequado; e (d) a abordagem metodológica adotada, cujo enfoque é descritivo. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é propor um protocolo para caracterização e avaliação do grau de implementação de práticas de gestão da SST, através da utilização de múltiplas fontes de evidência, visando a obter uma compreensão mais detalhada destas práticas, que levem em consideração o contexto de aplicação. Em relação ao método, foi adotada a abordagem da pesquisa construtiva, escolhida por se tratar do desenvolvimento de um protocolo para a solução de um problema com relevância prática e teórica. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acerca das práticas de gestão da SST e do referencial teórico da Engenharia de Resiliência (ER). O protocolo foi proposto com base na revisão da literatura e também em uma survey realizada com uma amostra de empresas de construção. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida, aprimorada e testada em 5 estudos de caso em canteiros de obras, realizados de forma sequencial. Além disso, a mesma foi aplicada em 3 obras na Espanha, com o objetivo de avaliar a sua aplicabilidade em outro contexto. Os resultados deste conjunto de obras foram processados e analisados, de forma a exemplificar os dados produzidos. Por fim, com base na avaliação do protocolo desenvolvido, foram propostas diretrizes para a sua implantação. As principais contribuições da pesquisa são referentes ao protocolo de avaliação desenvolvido, que possui um enfoque prescritivo. Por um lado, este possibilita a coleta sistemática de dados sobre práticas de SST que pode ser utilizado na avaliação do sistema de gestão da SST das empresas, possibilitando a realização de benchmarking externo e interno. Por outro lado, a ferramenta pode contribuir para o registro e a disseminação das práticas de gestão de SST no setor da construção. / Several academic studies have investigated Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) managerial practices in order to identify factors that contribute for the success of accident prevention programs in the construction industry. Most of those studies were based on surveys and aimed to identify correlations between accident rates and the existence or non-existence of such practices, establishing sets of practices that have the greatest impact on OSH. Despite the contributions of those studies, especially regarding the identification and dissemination of practices associated with accident prevention, four main drawbacks can be pointed out: (a) the lack of definition for best practices and of criteria for categorizing them, (b) scope limited to large companies from developed countries, (c) the lack of theoretical foundation, and (d) the descriptive focus of the methodological approach adopted. The main objective of this research work is to devise a protocol for characterizing and evaluating the degree of implementation of OSH managerial practices based on multiple sources of evidence, aiming to get a more detailed understanding of those practices, and take into account the context of application. Regarding the method, the constructive research approach was adopted, since this investigation proposes the development of a protocol for solving a problem with practical and theoretical relevance. Initially, a literature review on OSH managerial best practices and on the Resilience Engineering (RE) theoretical framework was undertaken. The protocol has been proposed based on both a literature review and also on a survey conducted with a sample of construction companies. The tool was developed and tested in five case studies in construction sites carried out sequentially. In addition, it was also applied in three construction sites in Spain in order to evaluate its applicability in another context. The results of those construction sites were processed and analyzed to illustrate the data produced. Finally, based on the evaluation of the protocol, some guidelines for implementing it were proposed. The main contributions of this research are related to the protocol, which has a prescriptive approach. From one hand, it enables the systematic collection of data on OSH practices that can be used for assessing the OSH management system of construction companies, making it possible to carry out internal and external benchmarking. From the other hand, with the tool may contribute for the documentation and dissemination of OSH best practices in the construction sector.

A inovação tornou-se um tema importante para as organizações empresariais no atual ambiente econômico, marcado pela intensa competição por mercados, tecnologias e recursos, e o cenário brasileiro não foge a regra. As empresas se esforçam para entender os fatores que influenciam a inovação e a sua complexa dinâmica a fim de desenvolverem ou ajustarem sua cultura, suas estruturas e seus processos organizacionais com o intuito de estimulá-la. O estudo da inovação não é algo totalmente novo, vários artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos foram desenvolvidos sobre o tema, não obstante, o assunto ainda é um amplo campo de pesquisa. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo contribuir no esforço de um melhor entendimento da inovação nas empresas, mais especificamente em qual a influência das práticas do processo de desenvolvimento de produto no desempenho inovador das organizações e, a diferença de uso das práticas nas organizações com perfil mais e menos inovador. Cerca de 50 gerentes, envolvidos com a atividade de desenvolvimento de produto de empresas localizadas no Brasil de diferentes nacionalidades e tamanho, participaram da pesquisa. Técnicas de correlação e análise multivariada permitiram identificar quais práticas da atividade de desenvolvimento correlacionaram-se com os indicadores de desempenho inovador e, a diferença entre as empresas mais e menos inovadoras em relação ao uso destas. O estabelecimento de mecanismos de coleta de idéias de colaboradores, fornecedores e clientes e de um sistema para a avaliação e seleção das melhores idéias são extremamente importantes a fim de que, uma empresa identifique e selecione as melhores oportunidades tecnológicas e de mercado. Outros fatores também identificados foram: a existência de um método para a execução dos projetos na organização, a utilização de equipes multidisciplinares e a colaboração externa, com fornecedores e clientes. O envolvimento do nível executivo da empresa, apoiando a equipe de projeto, provendo diretrizes e desempenhando um importante papel nas decisões de continuar ou abortar projetos, também merece destaque. Outras práticas, no entanto, não foram passíveis de identificação na presente pesquisa como: a necessidade de alinhamento contínuo do projeto com as informações de mercado em todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento, a preocupação pela melhoria contínua e o desenvolvimento de um plano de lançamento, suportado por uma base de dados contendo informações sobre testes em protótipos, antes da introdução do produto no mercado. / The innovation has become an important subject for the corporations in the current economic environment, characterized by an intense competition for markets, technologies and resources, and the Brazilian scenario is not different. Companies struggle to understand the factors which could influence the innovation and its complex dynamic in order to create or align its culture, its organizational structure and processes with the objective to harvest it. The innovation research it is not something new, a variety of academic articles and researches have been developed about it however, the field still is a green field for research. The current work has the objective to contribute for the effort of a better understanding of corporation innovation, in special, what it is the influence of product development practices in the innovation performance and what it is the difference in the use of practices between corporations with a more or less innovator profile. Around 50 managers, involved in product development activity at companies located in Brazil of different nationality and size, joined the research. Correlation and multivariate techniques identified which product development practices correlated with innovation metrics and, the difference between companies more or less innovators regarding the use of these practices. The establishment of a mechanism for gathering employers, suppliers and customers? idea and one for assessing and selecting the best ones are extremely important in order to the company identify and select the best technologies and markets opportunities. Others factors also highlighted by the research were the existence of an established methodology for executing its projects inside the organization, the use of a multidisciplinary teams and the external collaboration, with its suppliers and customers. The executive level involvement, supporting project team, providing directives to it and playing a crucial role in the go-kill projects, also deserve some attention. Others practices however were not identified in the current research such as: the need of continuously keeping the project aligned with market information during the whole development cycle, process improvement mentality and the creation of a launching plan, supported by a database contained information about prototype tests, before the product introduction in a market.

Requirements Engineering has two main directions, Bespoke (product developed for one customer) and Market-Driven (several potential customers for the same product). These two are in some ways very much alike but in some aspects very different. Over the last couple of years the software development industry has tended to shift more and more to Market-Driven Requirements Engineering. This has brought attention to the challenges facing a Market-Driven development organization, without focusing on the actual shift from Bespoke development. Based on the differences and similarities between Bespoke and Market-Driven Requirements Engineering, this thesis presents a framework for shifting from the former to the latter. The framework (BESMART) involves three steps. Firstly, the organization assesses their potential to become more Market-Driven. Secondly they assess their current way of working to identify which areas that may need to be improved. Finally, BESMART provides multiple suggestions that address the identified improvement areas. The organization is then able to choose the one that best suits their needs. This also lets the organization choose a solution that they find feasible. The framework was used at a case organization during its development. This way it was ensured that the theoretical framework could actually be used in a real world setting. The practical use of BESMART resulted in some refinements aimed at making it more applicable in industry. Once the framework had been applied, it was evaluated by representatives from the case organization. The industry evaluation resulted in some improvement suggestions but showed that the framework was both useful and usable and provided an improvement plan that seemed promising enough to pilot in the organization.

Information security, information management systems and more specifically information classification are important parts of an organisations information security. More and more information is being processed each day, and needs to be secured. Without proper information classification guidelines in place and lacking research within the subject, organisations could be vulnerable to attacks from third parties. This project displays a list of best practices found within information classification guidelines published online by different organisations. Out of 100 reviewed documents, 30 included information classification guidelines, and when analysed with a thematic analysis provides best practices within information classification.

Background: Growing concerns about the value and effectiveness of short-term volunteer trips intending to improve health in underserved Global South communities has driven the development of guidelines by multiple organizations and individuals. These are intended to mitigate potential harms and maximize benefits associated with such efforts. Method: This paper analyzes 27 guidelines derived from a scoping review of the literature available in early 2017, describing their authorship, intended audiences, the aspects of short term medical missions (STMMs) they address, and their attention to guideline implementation. It further considers how these guidelines relate to the desires of host communities, as seen in studies of host country staff who work with volunteers. Results: Existing guidelines are almost entirely written by and addressed to educators and practitioners in the Global North. There is broad consensus on key principles for responsible, effective, and ethical programs-need for host partners, proper preparation and supervision of visitors, needs assessment and evaluation, sustainability, and adherence to pertinent legal and ethical standards. Host country staff studies suggest agreement with the main elements of this guideline consensus, but they add the importance of mutual learning and respect for hosts. Conclusions: Guidelines must be informed by research and policy directives from host countries that is now mostly absent. Also, a comprehensive strategy to support adherence to best practice guidelines is needed, given limited regulation and enforcement capacity in host country contexts and strong incentives for involved stakeholders to undertake or host STMMs that do not respect key principles.

The research focuses on an evaluation of the management practices used in the implementation of HIV/AIDS policies and programmes in the South African Public Service, with specific reference to the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE). It was executed with the following objectives in mind: <ul> <li> identify the initiatives that have been established for managing HIV/AIDS in the South African Public Service and the DPE, including the relevant legislation;</li> <li> identify the challenges with regard to planning, organising, leading and controlling that are experienced by the DPE in managing HIV/AIDS effectively;</li> <li> identify best practices in the management of HIV/AIDS in the South African Public Service; and</li> <li> make recommendations to address the challenges experienced by the DPE.</li></ul> From the review of relevant literature, it has been established that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is growing at an alarming rate in the Southern African region, including South Africa. The impact of the epidemic on the socio-economy of South Africa, as well as the South African Public Service, needs to be properly understood so that appropriate measures can be put in place to address the challenges resulting from the epidemic. The research clearly indicated that resources, both financial and human, as well as leadership commitment are required for the effective implementation of policies and programmes for managing HIV/AIDS. / Dissertation (M.Admin (Public Administration))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / F. Todd Goodson / This qualitative case study examined how successful professors who were awarded the Coffman Chair for University Distinguished Teaching Scholars at Kansas State University describe their teaching experiences, philosophies, and best practices in undergraduate teaching and learning. Educators today is concerned about what are the best practices to educate new generation students to survive in a rapidly changing world. Additionally, because most research focus on best practices on the implementation or evaluation of a specific methodology, method, or strategy in one particular course or program, this research addressed the need to investigate the teaching experiences, philosophies, and best practices of outstanding award winner professors in different areas to understand the challenges they face and the ways they handle undergraduate teaching and learning. This qualitative case study was informed by Critical Theory as the theoretical framework, grounded in Constructivism, because critical theory cares about social justice while abandoning obsolete, elitist and antidemocratic features of traditional concepts of education. Eight distinguished teaching scholars, who belong to Psychological Sciences, School of Integrated Studies, Political Sciences, Horticulture and Natural Resources, Modern Languages, English, Physics, and Anthropology and Social Work Departments voluntarily participated in this study. Multiple methods were used to collect data including demographic questionnaires, semi-structured interviews (time line elicitation interviews, formal interviews, and photo elicitation interview), analysis of documents, and journaling. Seven themes emerged from my findings. The first theme identified the influential people and struggles encountered by professors when they were students. The second identified events that led professors in choosing their major, why they became teachers, and their teaching strengths and passions. The third identified the challenges they face when teaching undergraduate students and mentoring support received as professors. The forth identified how participants described themselves as successful professors and the way they organize and balance their academic and personal life. The fifth identified specific educational theories the professors apply in their teaching, the insights of their teaching philosophies, and their thoughts about the importance of education. The sixth identified the way professors decide the curriculum to teach and the way they evaluate their students. Finally, the seventh theme identified the significant work they did as recipients of the Coffman Chair for University Distinguished Teaching Scholar, and their teaching best practices. Recommendations for practice and future research were also addressed. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of teaching experiences, philosophies, and best practices of successful professors in undergraduate teaching and learning, based on evidence which is the personal experiences of the participants for the benefit of every person involved in education