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A Regulatory Role for Actin in Dendritic Spine ProliferationJohnson, Orenda, Ouimet, Charles C. 03 October 2006 (has links)
Dendritic spines are small protrusions that receive 90% of excitatory cortical synapses and are critically important to neural function. Each dendritic spine is supported by a dynamic actin cytoskeleton that responds to internal and external cues to allow spine development, elongation, retraction and movement. Multiple proteins have roles in spinogenesis, but until now, a regulatory role for actin itself has not been established. Here, we show that, in the acute slice preparation, actin expression increases during a period of rapid spinogenesis. Furthermore, actin overexpression in organotypic hippocampal cultures leads to a significant increase in spine density on CA1 pyramidal cells. Specifically, the number of filopodia (long, thin protrusions without heads) increases by 38% on secondary apical dendrites and 88% on basal dendrites and the number of elongated spines with heads increases by 162% on secondary apical dendrites and 113% on basal dendrites. Synapsin-I immunostaining demonstrated that the majority of filopodia and elongated spines are apposed by axon terminals. Additionally, we show that overexpressed actin enters both new and established spines within 24 h. These data demonstrate that neurons undertaking spinogenesis upregulate actin expression, that actin overexpression per se increases spine density, and that both new and established spines incorporate exogenous actin.
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Isolamento e caracterizaÃÃo parcial dos Genes beta-actina e miosina de cadeia pesada do CamarÃo rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis / Isolation and partial characterization of genes beta-actin and myosin heavy chain shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilisEliana Matos Ribeiro 04 March 2009 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O camarÃo peneÃdeo Farfantepenaeus subtilis à uma importante espÃcie
nativa do litoral nordestino que possui uma grande ocorrÃncia na pesca. Dentre
os camarÃes marinhos de importÃncia comercial, os peneÃdeos se destacam
por constituÃrem um valioso recurso para pesca e aqÃicultura em regiÃes
tropicais e subtropicais. Entretanto, a disponibilidade de informaÃÃes sobre
essas espÃcies à bastante escassa, principalmente em relaÃÃo à estrutura
genÃtica que atua no crescimento muscular desses animais. Tendo como
objetivo identificar genes envolvidos na contraÃÃo muscular de camarÃes,
neste trabalho foram parcialmente isolados e seqÃenciados os genes de betaactina
e miosina de cadeia pesada do camarÃo rosa F. subtilis, a partir do
cDNA do mÃsculo abdominal. Para tanto, camarÃes coletados no estuÃrio do
rio Pacoti, estado do CearÃ, foram inicialmente identificados taxonomicamente
e, depois atravÃs de amplificaÃÃo de DNA seguida por sequenciamento das
regiÃes citocromo oxidase subunidade I (COI) e 16S. Utilizando-se os tecidos
frescos dos camarÃes, foi extraÃdo o RNA total e foram obtidos os respectivos
DNAs complementares (cDNAs). Baseado na construÃÃo de primers
especÃficos a partir do alinhamento entre sequÃncias descritas no
Genbank/NCBI, os genes foram isolados por meio de RT-PCR (ReaÃÃo em
Cadeia da Polimerase atravÃs da transcriptase reversa) e seqÃenciados. Foi
obtido um fragmento parcial de 760 pares de base para o cDNA de beta-actina
e para o cDNA de miosina de cadeia pesada foi obtido um fragmento de 570
pares de base. AnÃlises das sequÃncias realizadas pela ferramenta BLAST
(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) revelaram alta similaridade com outras
beta-actinas e miosinas de camarÃes, confirmando a identidade das
sequÃncias genÃticas isoladas. Como resultado do alinhamento pareado entre
as sequÃncias desses genes obtidos no trabalho com as de outras espÃcies
presentes no GenBank, pÃde-se observar que as maiores similaridades foram
com Penaeus monodon (93%) e com Farfantepenaeus paulensis (88%). Os
resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram a viabilidade da metodologia
utilizada na identificaÃÃo de genes relacionados com caracterÃsticas
importantes. Esses dados irÃo facilitar o isolamento completo das sequÃncias
desses genes, alÃm de contribuir para incentivar a identificaÃÃo de outros
genes importantes em camarÃes, principalmente os nativos do Brasil. AnÃlise
de genes que atuam desenvolvimento do tecido muscular do animal poderÃ
fornecer informaÃÃes genÃticas importantes acerca de uma espÃcie nativa que
està sendo superexplorada e que poderà ser viÃvel para cultivo. Outrossim,
esses dados beneficiarÃo a comunidade cientÃfica, servindo como base para
estudos de fisiologia, filogenia e evoluÃÃo em peneÃdeos / The penaeid shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis is an important native
species for fisheries industry in Brazil. Among marine shrimps of commercial
importance, penaeids are recognized as a valuable resource for fishery and
aquaculture in tropical and subtropical regions. However, data on these species
is extremely reduced, especially concerning genetic elements involved in animal
muscle growth. Therefore, aiming at identifying shrimp genes directly
associated with muscle contraction in this research, beta-actin and myosin
heavy chain genes of the pink shrimp F. subtilis were isolated from its muscular
abdominal and partially sequenced. Shrimps collected from Pacoti estuary,
CearÃ, were first identified through taxonomy and, then, through DNA
amplification followed by sequencing of Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI)
and 16S. From fresh shrimp tissues, total RNA was extracted and
complementary cDNA was obtained. Based on specific primers designed after
sequence alignments performed against sequences at GenBank/NCBI, genes
were amplified from RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase - polimerase chain reaction)
and sequenced. A 760bp partial F. subtilis beta-actin cDNA fragment was
obtained, while the partial F. subtilis myosin heavy chain cDNA was 570bp long.
Sequence analyses using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)
program indicated that F. subtilis beta-actin gene product is very similar to betaactin
of other species of shrimps, while the myosin heavy chain protein is highly
homologous to crustacean myosins heavy chain, confirming the identity of the
isolated gene sequences. Alignment of these gene sequences with other
sequences in GenBank showed high similarity with Penaeus monodon (93%)
and Farfantepenaeus paulensis (88%). Results have showed the feasibility of
partial gene identification as a means to identify genes of strategic interest.
These data would help further attempts to elucidate the complete isolation of
these genes, as well as the detection of other important genes, especially from
shrimp species occurring at the Brazilian coast. Genes analyses involved with
muscle growth might provide important genetic information on native species
that are overexploited and may be viable for the shrimp cultivation. In addition,
these data might also benefit the scientific community, improving a range of
research areas such as physiology, phylogeny and evolution of penaeids
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Evoluční vztahy mezi druhy parem rodu Barbus (Cyprinidae) s důrazem na Řecko a biogeografie řeckých linií / Evolutionary relationships within genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) with emphasis on Greece, and biogeography of Greek lineagesKyralová, Eva January 2017 (has links)
Evolutionary relationships between Barbus species have been already studied in the past, but most of the studies were based only on mitochondrial DNA, there is no detailed study based on nuclear markers. This is mainly due to the fact that Barbus species are tetraploid. The western part of Greece has been studied insufficiently, and moreover a greater diversity of freshwater ichthyofauna is expected here. Greece is one of the hotspots of biodiversity. Greek river system is characterized by a significant proportion of endemic species of freshwater fishes. In this work evolutionary relationships between Barbus species were studied, with focus on diversity of Greek lineages. The geographical distribution of Barbus species has been also revised. In total, 192 individuals were analyzed, 156 individuals were from 40 Greek localities and another 36 Barbus species were from other areas of distribution of the genus. Dataset was supplemented with avaible published sequences. For the phylogenetic analysis mitochondrial gene cytochrom b, 1st intron of ribosomal protein gene S7 and 2nd intron of gene beta-actin were used. For both nuclear markers paralog-specific primers were used. The analysis of cytochrom b revealed several well-supported lines: 1. species of southwestern Mediterranean (B. meridionalis and B....
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Exploring Gender Differences Throughout Normal Rat Aging - A Role for Estrogen Signaling in the BrainEvola, Christopher Mark 07 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Interference of Toxoplasma gondii with IFN-γ-regulated gene expression of its host cell / Beeinflussung der IFN-γ-regulierten Genexpression durch Toxoplasma gondii in seiner WirtszelleLang, Christine 04 May 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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