For the first time in the history of the Architecture Biennale the American Pavilion earned special recognition in 2012 for Spontaneous Interventions. The exhibition portrays an emerging phenomenon where citizen-led movements address urban problems with small-scale, low cost interventions. Sometimes sanctioned, sometimes not, the concept behind this movement has become known as tactical urbanism. This report examines the rise of tactical urbanism as an opportunity for the field of urban planning and describes how tactics can fit into the formal planning process. Currently, there exists a lack of understanding and research on the concept. This report contributes to the limited research by analyzing existing theory which discusses and supports the concept of tactical urbanism. After providing a theoretical foundation, four interventions displayed at the Biennale are reviewed to demonstrate the potential of this emerging approach. By evaluating the theoretical support behind tactical urbanism, the lacunae in planning literature, and the potential of this emerging approach as demonstrated by the four case studies, this report attempts to legitimize the discussion on tactical urbanism and identify how this emerging approach can fit into the formal planning process. / text

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Although the Biennales Internationales de la Tapisserie are widely recognized as important fiber art exhibitions, no history of them has been written. This study endeavors to trace the history of the first through the tenth Lausanne Biennales.

Federico Zandomeneghi (1841-1917) a toujours été considéré comme un artiste vénitien ayant émigré en 1874 à Paris avant de devenir un adepte de Degas et participer, à partir de 1879, aux expositions impressionnistes. Cette recherche a pour principal objectif d’analyser les liens que l’artiste entretint avec son pays - l’Italie - avant, pendant et après son long séjour parisien. Aussi nous sommes-nous plus particulièrement concentrée sur la période allant de 1841 à 1874 durant laquelle Zandomeneghi se forma dans les Académies de Beaux-Arts de Venise et Milan, avant de partir s’installer à Florence où il rencontra les peintres macchiaioli. Nous avons en outre analysé le contexte artistique italien dans lequel l’artiste évolua, et aussi dans quelle mesure les rapports qu’il tissa avec les nombreuses personnalités du monde de l’art qu’il eut l’occasion de fréquenter (Diego Martelli, Marcellin Desboutin) eurent une influence sur les choix qu’il fit par la suite ; puis, nous avons essayé de décrire la position que Zandomeneghi s’était gagnée sur le sol italien avant de le quitter définitivement. La seconde partie de notre recherche retrace en revanche - grâce à l’analyse d’un corpus de lettres inédites - le processus de réévaluation critique qui s’amorça en Italie après la mort de l’artiste et pour lequel œuvrèrent Enrico Piceni et Angelo Sommaruga : ces critiques et marchands d’art milanais ont en effet joué un rôle fondamental dans la redécouverte de Zandomeneghi en Italie. Même si Zandomeneghi avait passé quarante-trois années de sa vie en France, il ne réussit jamais à conquérir sa place dans l’historiographie française alors que, pour la seconde fois, il jouit des honneurs de la critique italienne. Cette recherche a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les raisons du cadrage historiographique dominant à l’heure actuelle, à savoir celui qui ne voit en Zandomeneghi qu’un peintre impressionniste vénitien, étiquette sous laquelle il a d’ailleurs été proposé au public à l’occasion des expositions plus récentes. / Venetian Federico Zandomeneghi (1841-1917) is always remembered as an artist who relocated to Paris in 1874 to become a follower of Degas, taking part in the Impressionist exhibitions starting in 1879. The primary objective of this thesis is to analyse this artist's ties to Italy, before and after his long-lasting experience in France. We delve into the period starting in 1841 and lasting until 1874 during which Zandomenegi trained at the academies of Venice and Milan, and during which he moved to Florence, at which point he first encountered the Macchiaioli. Moreover, this study has given us the opportunity to deepen our understanding of the Italian artistic context in which Zandomeneghi developed, to what extent his close relatonships with the numerous artists he encountered affected his later artistic choices (Diego Martelli, Marcellin Desboutin), and what position Zandomeneghi attained in Italy before leaving his country permanently. In the second part of the present study, a corpus of unpublished letters between two Milanese art personalities, the art critic Enrico Piceni and art dealer Angelo Sommaruga, was thoroughly examined. Their role was indeed crucial for Zandomeneghi’s artistic rediscovery. Although Zandomeneghi spent 43 years of his life in France, he was never fully recognized in the French historiography, whereas was acclaimed for the second time by the Italian critic after his death. This thesis aims to shed light on the reasons why Zandomeneghi has always been considered a Venetian impressionist, a label that has been employed even in very recent expositions.

This practice-based research project investigates the production, distribution and reception of network art practice before and after globalisation. It does so to engage with the Internet as 'the most material and visible sign of globalisation' (Manovich 2001) whose emergence as the pre-eminent network technology arrives concurrently with the disappearance of its utopian promise. Taking Robert Filliou's 1968 conception of The Eternal Network as a starting point, the research seeks to understand the opportunities and limitations of network art practice through identifying and developing a range of curatorial and artistic methods in practice. Methodologically, it presents the researcher as an artist-curator-performer. Doing so enables 'inhabitation' (rather than 're-enactment') of the concepts and principles of Filliou's work. Filliou thus becomes a medium of research for the development of network art practice after the Net and vice versa. Curating only the second edition of The Art-of-Peace Biennale becomes the primary output of the research. Filliou conceived of the Biennale in 1970, proposed it in 1982 and René Block organised the first edition at the Kunstverein, Hamburg, Germany, in 1985. The contemporary edition, The Next Art-of-Peace Biennale 2015-17, occurred mainly but not exclusively through the online platform, www.peacebiennale.info. It did so to respond to the radical shift in modes of online production, distribution and reception since the first edition. The research describes, contextualises and reflects on the emergence of The Next Art-of-Peace Biennale 2015-2017 and describes a final exhibition, What is Peace? (Answer Here), held in 2018. It presents a contribution to knowledge through artistic and curatorial practice exploring online and offline exhibition-making, video, performance, correspondence art and writing. Through developing an ontology of 'curatorial behaviour' exploring the 'locations', 'durations', 'materialities' and 'interactions' of network art practice, the research identifies artistic and curatorial principles able to withstand the 'high-tech gloom' (Thompson 2011, p. 49) of mendacious globalisation in a late Web 2.0, postmedium condition.

In 2013, the 55th Venice Biennale, the world's oldest bi-annual international contemporary art exhibition, opened under the title The Encyclopedic Palace, organized by Italian curator Massimiliano Gioni. The international exhibition section is always flanked by an amalgamation of distinct national spaces, a dual exhibition model that has been the hallmark of the Biennale since 1998. In 2013, the United States pavilion was devoted to American artist Sarah Sze's work Triple Point and her signature arrangement of everyday objects and materials, such as Q-tips, water bottles, painter's tape, and desk lamps. The title of Sze's multi-room installation, culled from earlier works as well as created from new materials, refers to the thermodynamic equilibrium of any given substance--specifically, a "triple point" is the temperature and pressure at which a substance is solid, liquid and gas at the same time. The quasi-scientific installations provide constantly shifting viewpoints as the viewer circumnavigates the interconnected spaces of the U.S. pavilion, moving amid, around, and through the work, but also focusing on different individual objects before pulling back to catch glimpses of the work as a whole. In this thesis, I apply a phenomenological analysis to Triple Point in order to make sense of its scientific references in conjunction with its complex form. I view Triple Point as a culmination of the ideas that Sze has sustained and explored over the course of her career--such as the investigation of everyday objects in relation to site, space, and viewer--that situates the viewer in an experience caught between empirical order and individual perception. To examine Triple Point using the idea of "embodied perception," I formally analyze the work in relation to its scientific meanings as suggested by its titles of individual works--Gleaner, Planetarium, Eclipse, Scale, Orrery, Pendulum, Observatory, and Compass. I then trace the discourse surrounding phenomenology and the rise of installation art through the writings of art historians Michael Fried, Rosalind Krauss, and Claire Bishop, before finally situating French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology as an apt theory for analyzing this work. In embracing both the scientific objectivity implied by Sze's installations without sacrificing the import of physical perception, I contend that Triple Point invites the viewer to look at--but also beyond--the array of familiar objects, emphasizing a shifting sense of the work that is never exhaustively fixed. Thus, Triple Point does not expose the classic dichotomies between art and science, natural and manufactured, image and object, but instead opens up the moment of their confluence--the paradoxical achievement of an embodied perception as described by Merleau-Ponty. Understood phenomenologically, Triple Point invites viewers to get caught-up in the dynamic experience of "between-ness" invoked by the installation's title and to engage with their everyday experiences of contemporary life in a new way.

The XXXII Venice Biennale, held in 1964, presented an important moment in the history of American art, for it was the first time that an American painter was awarded the major prize at the prestigious international show. The fact that Robert Rauschenberg captured the most coveted award of the Biennale, the Grand Prize for painting, had major repercussions for the art scene in the United States and the international art community. For the Americans, the prize was "proof" that American art had finally come into its own, that through its struggle for recognition over the European avant-garde, it had finally reached its well-deserved place as leader of the pack. For the Europeans, especially the French, the award represented the "last frontier" of American expansionism--for it seemed that the economic and military dominance of the United States finally had been supplemented by cultural dominance. It seems pertinent to this study to examine the French response in particular, since they had traditionally dominated Biennale prizes. By analyzing the French reviews and responses to the prize, and situating these in a broader political context, I will discuss how the U.S. was perceived as the new cultural leader, despite the vehement objections to the culture of the New Frontier, which seemed to be only Coke bottles, stuffed eagles and carelessly dripped paint. Given the vehement objections engendered by the Rauschenberg victory, it seems somewhat curious that the United States would choose Rauschenberg as a representative of American culture. In order to discover how the pop imagery in the work was linked to the image : of U.S. culture promoted by the U.S. Information Agency (the government agency responsible for the show), it is necessary to analyze the cultural and intellectual debates of the early 1960s. Rejecting earlier notions that high art should remain separate from mass culture, a prominent group of intellectuals argued for a "new sensibility" in art which would embrace popular culture, thereby elevating it. This positive notion of a single, all-embracing culture corresponds to a more general optimism among many intellectuals; their rallying cry was the "end of ideology," which disdained radical critique in favor of the promise of Kennedy's "progressivism" and the welfare state. These intellectuals argued that while the system was not perfect, any major problems could be averted by simply "fine-tuning" the existing state; in the meantime, the promise of Kennedy's New Frontier required a more affirmative than critical stance. The elements shared between these discourses on culture and society at this time were of seminal importance to the critical understanding of Rauschenberg's work, particularly as it was presented at the Biennale. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:44:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Helena Soares Fonseca Rossi de Resende.pdf: 62523943 bytes, checksum: 784ac7497ee4509b2c9a1c082a463213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation studies the fashion system development and its relationships with the art field. It analyses how the modern fashion system structure was founded by the Universal Exhibitions and the first department stores. It also shows how the fashion designers Charles Fréderic Worth e Paul Poiret built their artistic images, and states that these relationships were used to give an art status for their work. This research also verifies how the interdisciplinary practices of both Worth and Poiret established standards for the referred practices in contemporary fashion; it analyses the interdisciplinary dialogues present in fashion exhibitions located in art museums. It also considers the Arhem Mode Biennale and its connections with the fashion system and it concludes pointing out the importance of fashion exhibitions for the renewal and perpetuation of the fashion system. / Aborda a evolução do sistema de moda e sua relação com a arte. Analisa o surgimento das primeiras lojas de departamentos a partir da implementação das exposições universais e como ambas fundaram a estrutura do sistema de moda moderno. Demonstra como os estilistas Charles Fréderic Worth e Paul Poiret moldaram suas imagens de grandes criadores a partir da relação com a arte e seus atores, e argumenta como essas relações foram utilizadas para dotar seu trabalho comercial da distinção e status do objeto artístico. Verifica como as práticas interdisciplinares de Worth e Poiret estabeleceram parâmetros para as transferências de linguagens entre arte moda na contemporaneidade. Analisa essas transferências interdisciplinares a partir da instalação de mostras de moda em museus, nas últimas décadas do século XX. Aponta como essas mostras levantaram discussões das fronteiras ontológicas entre moda e arte. Finaliza com uma análise sobre as bienais de Moda de Arnhem e suas relações com a arte e o mercado de moda. Conclui estabelecendo a importância das mostras de moda para a renovação e perpetuação do sistema e do mercado de moda.

Biennials, both historically and in the present, form a significant part of the contemporary art world. However, beyond simply acting as platforms for contemporary art, these extensive, recurring international exhibitions also facilitate complex dialogues involving a variety of agents, both cultural and political. With the inherently political nature of these exhibitions in mind, this thesis examines Canadian participation in the Venice and São Paulo biennials from 1951 to 1958. By examining what I identify as the triple purpose of the biennial - the exhibition of contemporary art, the facilitation of cultural diplomacy, and the creation and reinforcement of cultural nationalist narratives - this paper further explicates the National Gallery of Canada’s role in defining Canadian culture and the relationships between visual culture, cultural nationalism, cultural diplomacy and institutional politics in the postwar era. Drawing upon Judith Balfe’s conception of the utilization and manipulation of visual culture for nationalistic or diplomatic ends, I argue that participation in the Venice Biennale served as a means of reinforcing the presence of an NGC-defined culture of Canadian art to an international audience comprised mainly of artistic and diplomatic elite. Conversely, participation in the São Paulo Bienal served primarily as a conduit for the Department of External Affairs to project a positive image of Canadian culture to other nations and foster cordial relations between like-minded nations. I contend that a comparative analysis of Canadian participation in the two biennials highlights the complicated relationship between the NGC and the Department of External Affairs as well as the ideological adherence of both institutions towards liberalism and liberal democracy. / Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-26 16:43:34.318

Thesis (MA (VA)(Visual Arts))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This thesis aims to assess the extent to which the African curated exhibition, Dak’Art: Biennale de l’art africain contemporain , succeeds in subverting hegemonic Western representations of African art as necessarily ‘exotic’ and ‘Other.’ My investigation of the Dak’Art biennale in this thesis is informed and preceded by a study of evolutionist assumptions towards African art and the continuing struggle for command over the African voice. I outline the trajectory of African art from primitive artifact to artwork, highlighting the prejudices that have kept Africans from being valued as equals and unique artists in their own right. I then look at exhibiting techniques employed to move beyond perceptions of the tribal, to subvert the exoticising tendency of the West and remedy the marginalised position of the larger African artistic community.