Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), or the deliberate damage of bodily tissue without suicidal intent, is a prevalent issue in young people. Relative to those who have never self-injured, young people with either recent (i.e., past-year) or distal (i.e., lifetime, but not in the past year) histories of NSSI demonstrate difficulties with emotion regulation, the process of modulating emotional responses. Emotion regulation difficulties are a risk factor for other forms of Self-Damaging Behaviours (SDBs), including binge drinking, substance use, and binge eating, which are more prevalent among individuals with a history of NSSI. Prominent theoretical models of NSSI and other SDBs posit that these behaviours may share a common function of altering negative mood states, explaining their frequent co-occurrence. The present study hypothesized that first-year university students with distal, recent, or no history of NSSI a) would differ in their rates of SDB engagement over seven months, and b) would differ in their strength of association between changes in stress and concurrent SDB engagement. Further, the present study hypothesized that emotional dysregulation would moderate the association between stress and SDB engagement. Multilevel modelling with longitudinal data from two cohorts of first-year undergraduates (N=540) revealed that students with either distal or recent NSSI histories were more likely to engage in substance use than their peers who had never self-injured, but did not report a greater frequency of binge eating or binge drinking. Regardless of NSSI history, substance use was unrelated to within-person changes in stress or emotional dysregulation. Higher-than-usual stress was associated with increased frequency of binge eating and binge drinking, but this association was unrelated to NSSI history or emotional dysregulation. Results suggest that elevated risk for substance use may persist even after NSSI has stopped, while other forms of SDBs (i.e., binge drinking and binge eating) were not predicted by NSSI history. Further, results suggest that some SDBs (i.e., binge drinking and binge eating) are enacted more frequently during periods of stress, but that this pattern is not unique to those with a history of NSSI or those who struggle to regulate their emotions. Consistent with person-centred models of NSSI recovery, these results suggest that vulnerability to some SDBs may persist even after NSSI has stopped. Future research should further examine the mechanisms underlying the complex association between NSSI and SDBs. / Graduate

Introducción: La ansiedad puede causar sentimientos de profunda preocupación y se ha asociado con inadecuada alimentación y uno de los grupos afectados son los universitarios, quienes presentan cambios en la calidad de la alimentación y suelen tener atracones, sobre todo en quienes cursan los primeros años de la carrera de medicina. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue la asociación entre el estado de ansiedad y el grado de Binge eating en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). Metodología: Estudio analítico de corte transversal en estudiantes mayores de 18 años de la carrera de Medicina de la UPC. Se invitó a 126 estudiantes en quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y de acuerdo con el puntaje obtenido se clasificó el nivel de ansiedad como: muy baja (menor de 22 puntos, ansiedad moderada (22 a 35 puntos), ansiedad alta (36 o más puntos). Para evaluar Binge eating se aplicó un cuestionario que mide la Binge Eating Scale (BES) y de acuerdo con los resultados se clasificó como: inexistencia de Binge eating (0 a 17 puntos), presencia moderada (18 a 26 puntos) y presencia severa (27 o más puntos). Resultados: Se observó un aumento en la prevalencia de Binge eating en participantes con niveles más elevados de ansiedad. Conclusiones: Se evidenció una asociación significativa entre el estado de ansiedad y el grado de Binge eating. Se observó mayor prevalencia de Binge eating en mujeres. / Introduction: Anxiety can generate feelings of deep concern and has been associated with inadequate nutrition and one of the affected groups is university students, who present changes in the quality of food and tend to binge, especially in those who are in the first years of the medical career. The objective of this study is to identify the association between the state of anxiety and the degree of Binge Eating in medical students from the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study in students over 18 years of age of the Medicine career of the UPC. 126 students were invited to applied the Beck anxiety questionnaire (BAI) and according to the score obtained, the level of anxiety was classified as: very low (less than 22 points, moderate anxiety (22 to 35 points), high anxiety (36 or more points) To evaluate Binge Eating, a questionnaire that measures the Binge Eating Scale (BES) was used and according to the results it was classified as: nonexistence of Binge Eating (0 to 17 points), moderate presence (18 to 26 points). points) and severe presence (27 or more points). Results: An increase in the prevalence of Binge Eating was observed in participants with higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions: Although there was evidence of an association between the state of anxiety and the degree of Binge eating, the presence of variables such as symptoms of depression, measured with PHQ-2, showed a greater relationship with it. / Trabajo de investigación

Bakgrund: Ett av symtomen för hetsätningsstörning är att inte ha kontroll över den mängd mat som äts. Individen får i sig mer mat än vad kroppen behöver under en kort period, vilket över tid kan leda till komplikationer för hälsan såsom fetma, diabetes och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Stöd från sjuksköterskan, familj och närstående kan leda till en bättre återhämtningsprocess för individen samt att individen lättare kan nå sina mål. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av hetsätningsstörning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats där nio vetenskapliga artiklar granskats med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: hetsätning som en hanteringsmekanism för stress, negativa känslor associerade med hetsätning och känslan av att inte kunna sluta äta. Konklusion: Kvinnorna upplever att de hanterar stress och ångest bättre när de hetsäter, men hetsätningen orsakar viktuppgång, vilket i sin tur leder till mer ångest. Ångesten utlöses bland annat av att inte kunna leva upp till samhällets bild av den perfekta kroppen. Att ständigt hetsäta leder till matvanor som gör att individen inte kan begränsa sitt matintag.

Kernmerkmal der Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) sind wiederkehrende Essanfälle ohne einen regelmäßigen Einsatz von unangemessenen kompensatorischen Verhaltensweisen zur Vorbeugung einer Gewichtszunahme. Bei Essanfällen nehmen die Betroffenen große Nahrungsmengen zu sich und erleben einen Kontrollverlust über das eigene Essverhalten (Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen, DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association APA 2015). Die BES ist die häufigste Essstörung und geht in der Regel mit psychischer Komorbidität, reduzierter Lebensqualität, Übergewicht und Adipositas sowie deren Folgeerkrankungen einher. Darüber hinaus berichten Betroffene mit BES häufig von substantiellen Beziehungsproblemen, darunter dysfunktionaler Kommunikation und Unzufriedenheit in der Paarbeziehung, die zu Essanfällen beitragen (Whisman et al. 2012; Ansell et al. 2012). Jedoch bleibt weitgehend unklar, wie diese Beziehungsprobleme behandelt werden können (Cierpka et al. 2007). Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie gilt laut evidenzbasierten Behandlungsleitlinien als die am besten belegte Therapie der BES (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der wissenschaftlich-medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, im Druck). Bislang brachte die Erweiterung dieses Ansatzes durch den Einbezug des Partners in die kognitiv-behaviorale Gruppentherapie keine zusätzlichen Vorteile (Gorin et al. 2003), möglicherweise da sie nicht speziell für Paare mit BES konzipiert wurde. Allgemein gilt die Wirksamkeit von kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Paartherapie zur Verbesserung der Beziehungsqualität von gesunden Paaren jedoch als bewiesen (Baucom et al. 2003). Weiterhin erwies sich die störungsspezifische kognitiv-behaviorale Paartherapie zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen, beispielsweise von Depression, als ebenso wirksam wie die evidenzbasierte Individualtherapie (Bodenmann et al. 2008). Aktuell zeigte auch die Anwendung paartherapeutischer Interventionen zur Behandlung von Anorexia Nervosa als wirksam (Baucom et al. 2017; Bulik et al. 2011; Kirby et al. 2015). Partnerschaftsprobleme werden auch für die Anorexia Nervosa als störungsaufrechterhaltend diskutiert (Teufel et al. 2017). Ziel dieser Fallstudie war es, ein störungsspezifisches Manual für kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Paare mit BES zu entwickeln und zu erproben, und zwar an einem Paar, bei dem beide Partner von BES betroffen waren.

Objective: Binge-eating disorder (BED) in adults is associated with alterations in executive functions (EF) and obesity. Much less is known about these relationships in adolescents, including whether poor EF are associated with eating disorder psychopathology and/or elevated body mass index. The present study examined EF in response to neutral stimuli in youth with BED. Method: Adolescents with BED and obesity (n=22), individually matched adolescents with obesity (n=22), and normal weight (n=22) completed neuropsychological tests targeting inhibition (Color-Word Interference Test), sustained attention (D2 Concentration Endurance Test), cognitive flexibility (Comprehensive Trail Making Test), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task). Results: Adolescents with BED and obesity displayed significantly poorer inhibitory control compared to normal-weight adolescents. This effect persisted after controlling for the level of secondary education. However, initial differences between adolescents with obesity and normal-weight controls regarding inhibitory control and sustained attention vanished after controlling for education. The three groups did not differ regarding cognitive flexibility and decision-making. Moreover, adolescents with BED and obesity did not perform worse than adolescents with obesity on any of the neuropsychological tests. Discussion: Overall, our results indicate adolescent BED is associated with only a few alterations in general EF, specifically inhibitory control, and underline BED and educational level as confounding factors in neuropsychological research on obesity. To further delineate EF profiles of adolescents with BED, future research should focus on EF in response to disorder-related stimuli and experimental settings with high ecological validity.

Eating disorders (ED) are maladaptive eating patterns that can have social, biological, health, and occupational consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare binge eating episodes, locus of control, and body dissatisfaction between African-American men (n = 66; 53.70%) and Caucasian-American men (n = 57; 46.30%). There is a current gap in the existing literature regarding the study of men who BE and a sampling bias with regard to ethnic minorities. Based on Bandura's social learning theory model and Rotter's locus of control, the purpose of this research was to determine and compare the relationship between BE, locus of control, and body dissatisfaction among African-American and Caucasian-American men. The participants answered a demographic questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale (IPC), and Body Satisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ). A quantitative research design was used and the chi-square was performed to evaluate the variables of the research questions. The sample population came from the Walden University participants pool and men who are self-described binge eaters from the African-American and Caucasian-American ethnicity in the community. Key results showed that African- American men believed they had less power in their lives, lower levels of body dissatisfaction, and increased feelings of chance in their lives. Recommendations for further research can be to replicate this study using other ethnicities. Implications for social change can include increased knowledge of men that BE which can improve their overall health and quality of life while reducing medical costs.

No description available.

To provide a basis for electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback protocols for bulimianervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and obesity, this systematic review investigates alterations in EEG-measured brain activity, specifically frequency bands. A systematic literature search with pre-defined search terms yielded N = 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed for all studies. In resting-state EEG, the beta activity was elevated in fronto-central regions in individuals with obesity and comorbid BED. In food-cue conditions, both obese individuals with and without BED showed increased beta activity, suggesting increased awareness of food cues and a heightened attentional focus towards food stimuli. The level of beta activity was positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology in resting and food-cue conditions. In individuals with BN, there was no evidence for altered EEG spectral power. The results indicate specific alterations in EEGbased brain activity in individuals with BED and obesity. More high-quality studies are needed to further confirm these findings and to transfer them into EEG-based interventions.

Past research shows that weight-related teasing is linked to binge eating, but little is known about the individual risk factors that render certain people more vulnerable than others. The current study examined three potential risk factors for binge eating in response to weight-related teasing: weight stigmatization experiences, weight bias internalization, and emotion dysregulation. The current study empirically investigated how these factors interacted to predict concurrent binge eating behavior through a self-report questionnaire and eating behavior in a laboratory following exposure to a weight stigma vignette. First, it was hypothesized that higher levels of weight stigmatization and emotion dysregulation would be associated with higher levels of binge eating, which was consistent with the results of a multiple linear regression analysis. Second, it was predicted that higher levels of weight stigmatization and emotion dysregulation would predict greater quantities of cookie consumption during a bogus taste test following exposure to a weight stigma vignette. The hypothesis was not supported by a multiple linear regression. Third, we posited that weight bias internalization would moderate the relationship between weight stigmatization and emotion dysregulation on disordered eating, such that higher levels of weight bias internalization would be associated with higher levels of binge eating. This was not supported by a hierarchical regression analysis. Overall, the results highlight variables pertinent to the relationship between weight stigma and binge eating. Future research should test the model in clinical samples to see if it is more relevant to people with more severe levels of eating pathology.

No description available.