Global ETD Search

1	Urban-Forest Mutualism : Human-nature coexistence through architectural strategies as part of urban expansion in northern Sweden Aung Naing, Saw Tun January 2024 (has links) Since the history of humankind, humans have been transforming the world to benefit their lives. Wood is one of the oldest materials that has been used in many aspects from making small tools to building shelters. Forests, as a main source of wood production, are manipulated to supply the growing consumption with the development of technology. In Sweden, although the forest area is only accountable for 1% of global forest, it is ranked as the fifth largest producer of wood and forest-related products (Swedish Wood, 2018). It is also a country that promotes transition into timber cities where studies show 45% of forest products go to the building construction sector. As a result of increasing wood demand, more and more old-growth forests are replaced with monoculture production forests (Ahlström et al., 2022). This causes forest degradation in which the forest no longer holds the quality to maintain life. Loss of habitats, interference with biodiversity, ecosystem destruction, and threat to social and cultural lives are the consequences of the extraction practice. In response to this urgency, the research aims to expose the entangled network of wood production and addresses an alternative approach to architecture that fosters both humans and nature in the context of northern Sweden. Theories and concepts related to coexistence with nature are discussed to synthesize a form of architecture that has benefits for human habitation while flourishing ecosystems and organisms. The design proposal evaluates the findings across different scales ranging from building to masterplan. The research aims to seek an alternative approach to urban expansion and building construction strategies in northern Sweden by analyzing an ongoing urban expansion plan of Umeå. By integrating strategies and knowledge learned from case studies and literature reviews, the design proposal reconfigured the conventional approach to satisfying human habitation. It envisionsa coexistence through architecture which has equal consideration for both humans and nature. In the long term, the proposal speculates a positive impact on the site and wider ecosystem by taking into account the timescale and life cycle. Urban expansion Biodiversity-friendly Architectural strategies Co-existing Forest ecosystem Architecture Arkitektur
2	Implementing farming measures to enhance biodiversity in Europe: farmers’ perceptions, motives, and spatial considerations Klebl, Fabian 12 February 2025 (has links) Landwirt:innen prägen Agrarlandschaften und beeinflussen die Biodiversität maßgeblich. Ein tiefgehendes Verständnis ihrer Entscheidungen zu biodiversitätsfreundlichen Maßnahmen (BFFM) ist essenziell für wirksame Biodiversitätsstrategien. Diese sollen nicht nur Anreize schaffen, sondern auch Maßnahmen auf Landschaftsebene koordinieren. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die Faktoren des Biodiversitätsmanagements europäischer Landwirt:innen zu untersuchen, insbesondere ihre Verhaltensweisen, Wahrnehmungen und räumlichen Entscheidungsprozesse. Die Arbeit umfasst drei aufeinander aufbauende Studien: (i) eine systematische Literaturanalyse zu Motiven und Hindernissen für BFFM, (ii) qualitative Interviews zur Wahrnehmung von Biodiversität und deren Schutz sowie (iii) ein räumliches Entscheidungsexperiment zu Präferenzen für die Platzierung linearer Biodiversitätsmaßnahmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass betriebliche Entscheidungen durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Über wirtschaftliche und praktische Gesichtspunkte hinaus sind diese Entscheidungen tief in Wertvorstellungen und der Wahrnehmung von Biodiversität verwurzelt. Wenngleich die meisten Befragten ihre landwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeiten möglichst wenig beeinträchtigen wollten, erkannten sie die ökologische Relevanz ihrer Arbeit und waren offen für Anpassungen, sofern sich Möglichkeiten zur Vernetzung bestehender Habitate ergaben. Die erheblichen regionalen Unterschiede verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, Biodiversitätsstrategien an spezifische sozioökonomische, kulturelle und ökologische Kontexte anzupassen. Die Berücksichtigung intrinsischer Werte und der kulturellen Verbundenheit mit dem Land kann die Akzeptanz und das Engagement fördern. Zudem kann eine gezielte Abschätzung der Bereitschaft zur Habitatvernetzung die Planung ökologischer Netzwerke optimieren und Transaktionskosten senken, indem Wildtierkorridore mit Präferenzen der Landwirt:innen abgestimmt werden. / Farmers are key actors in agricultural landscapes and have a profound impact on biodiversity. Understanding their decisions to adopt biodiversity-friendly farming measures (BFFM) is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies that not only motivate farmers but also coordinate their efforts to achieve greater biodiversity outcomes at the landscape scale. This dissertation aims to explore the factors that influence farmers’ biodiversity management across Europe, integrating behavioural, perceptual, and spatial dimensions of their decision-making processes. Three interrelated studies were conducted: (i) a systematic literature review synthesising evidence on motivations for and barriers to BFFM adoption, (ii) qualitative interviews exploring farmers’ perceptions of biodiversity and its management, and (iii) a spatial choice experiment investigating preferences for the placement of linear biodiversity measures. The studies show that farmers’ biodiversity management decisions are shaped by a complex interplay of factors. Beyond economic and practical concerns, these decisions are deeply rooted in farmers’ values and perceptions of biodiversity. Although most farmers sought to minimise disturbance to their farming activities, they recognised the ecological significance of their practices at the landscape level and were willing to adapt them where opportunities arose to connect habitats. The considerable regional variability indicates that biodiversity conservation strategies need to be tailored to the specific socio-economic, cultural, and environmental contexts. Conservation measures that resonate with farmers’ intrinsic values and cultural connections to the land may increase adoption and commitment. In view of the habitat fragmentation, predicting farmers’ willingness to participate in connectivity measures can inform efficient ecological network planning and reduce transaction costs by aligning potential corridors with their preferences. Erhaltung der Biodiversität Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (AUM) Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) Motivationen der Landwirte nachhaltige Landwirtschaft Umweltethik Fragmentierung von Habitaten ökologische Korridore biodiversity-friendly farming biodiversity conservation agri-environment measures (AEM) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) farmer motivations sustainable agriculture environmental ethics habitat fragmentation ecological corridors 300 Sozialwissenschaften Geografie Agrarpolitik ddc:630 ddc:300 ddc:Geo ddc:Agr
3	Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield Maas, Bea 20 November 2013 (has links) No description available. 630 birds bats arthropods multitrophic interactions agroforestry tropical landscape forest margin landscape functional diversity crop yield exclosure experiments experimental exclusion arthropod suppression avian predation ecosystem services mist netting point counts artificial plasticine caterpillar dummy experiment biological control monitoring mapping Lemon-bellied White-eye Grosbeak Starling Zosterops chloris Scissiostrum dubium Theobroma cacao cacao agroforestry cacao diseases cacao harvest cacao pests flying vertebrates aerial insectivores volant vertebrates logging breeding colony flower herbivory mesopredator release predatory insects ants spiders aphids Lepidoptera Coleoptera Lepidopteran larvae sustainable agriculture sustainable agroforestry management implications management recommendations applied managament extensive land use management landscape management conservation biodiversity-friendly dbh distance to forest forest proximity habitat conversion herbivory Indonesia insectivorous bats insectivorous birds invertebrates Central Sulawesi Napu valley leaf gleaning leaf herbivory pests insects phytophagous insects plant productivity remnant forest trees shade tree managament South-east Asia Paleotropics tropical landscape tree height landscape gradient local shade management Cacao Pod Borer Cherelle Wilt fruit abortion Helopeltis sulawesi deforestation habitat fragmentation land use intensification forest margin species critical decline predation experiment species-specific functions Southeast Asia biodiversity conservation mesopredators food security human welfare human well-being poverty alleviation poverty reduction smallholder cacao smallholder plantation cacao farmers sustainable cacao management landscape perspective landscape scale large scale field experiment long term field experiment human wellbeing economic importance economic value valuation ecosystem services landscape matrix yield quality yield quantity fruit productivity species identity species diversity species richness ecosystem functioning pesticide use chemical compounds complex food web tritrophic interactions wildlife-friendly rural livelihoods endangered bird species endangered bat species endemic endemic birds endemic bats beneficial impact IUCN Lore Lindu National Park bioindicator indicator species forest margin agricultural habitat agroforestry systems population density predation activity species activity cacao flower cacao pod Orthoptera linear mixed effect models Tukey Post Hoc Test AICc model selection generalized least squares restricted maximum likelihood model simplification species richness estimator species accumulation linear mixed-effects models Likelihood Ratio Test Maximum Likelihood nocturnal insects diurnal arthropods nocturnal arthropods diurnal insects landscape context Land- und Forstwirtschaft (PPN621302791)

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