Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tacito Livio Maranhao Pinto.pdf: 731645 bytes, checksum: 5613dd5c35855332940d91ab1fa505d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work aims to analyze the Evangelicals worldview concerning Bioethics, from the reading of its main official journals. In Brazil the reflexion about the theme has been done mainly by the Catholics, the Evangelicals are almost absent from that debate. This absence is due to the complexity of the theme, the insertion history of this group in Brazil and its present configuration. The objective of this work is to find out, from the Journals, how the ethical choices concerning life affect the Evangelical environment and to propose hypothesis to explain its behavior and reactions. A period of time has been selected: January 2005 to June 2007, during that time the general press has given great importance to Bioethics. The Evangelical Journals selected represent the most important groups in the country : Mission Protestantism considering the journal O Brasil Presbiteriano, the main press media of the Presbyterian (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) ; the Pentecostalism - journal Mensageiro da Paz from the Assembly do God and the Neopentecostalism Folha Universal, from Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus). / A dissertação analisa a cosmovisão dos evangélicos, no que diz respeito à Bioética, a partir de alguns de seus principais periódicos. A reflexão sobre o tema no Brasil é feita em quase a sua totalidade pelos católicos. Há pouca reflexão sobre o tema por parte dos Evangélicos. Tal fato deve-se à complexidade do tema, à história da inserção deste grupo no Brasil e à sua atual configuração. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar como os temas das escolhas éticas relativas à vida repercutem no ambiente evangélico e diagnosticar as suas reações (ação e omissão) segundo a sua própria mídia. Buscando a incidência, importância e destaque dado ao tema na mídia evangélica escrita, são propostas hipóteses que justifiquem os posicionamentos adotados por este grupo. Foi proposto um corte temporal: de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2007, período em que a mídia geral deu grande destaque aos temas da Bioética. Os periódicos selecionados para a pesquisa representam os três segmentos principais dos evangélicos no país: protestantismo de missão por meio do jornal O Brasil Presbiteriano, da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil; o Pentecostalismo jornal Mensageiro da Paz, das Assembléias de Deus e o neopentecostalismo Folha Universal, da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus.

Base teórica: A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um problema que está assumindo proporções epidêmicas, manifestando-se em todas as culturas, classes, níveis de escolaridade, faixas de renda e origens étnicas. Tal fenômeno, que contradiz obrigações de respeito aos direitos humanos e às necessidades de desenvolvimento da criança, é frequentemente aprovado e autorizado pela sociedade e pelo Estado. Diante do problema apresentado, a legislação brasileira determina, ao Sistema de Saúde, diferentes obrigações, objetivando restabelecer os direitos violados de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência. Tais obrigações envolvem o atendimento integral da saúde da criança e do adolescente, incluindo, como obrigação, a notificação dos casos de suspeita ou confirmação de violência. Apesar das determinações legais, o atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes vítimas de maus-tratos se encontra pouco estruturado em muitos locais do país, sendo insuficiente para a demanda que chega aos serviços de saúde. Objetivo:Avaliar o atendimento hospitalar de crianças e adolescentes em situações de violência.Método:Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 28 profissionais que atuam no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência. Foram incluídas perguntas sobre a percepção de violência, o entendimento sobre proteção à criança e interdisciplinaridade, além da percepção sobre os diferentes recursos intra e extra-hospitalares de proteção.A avaliação dos dados foi realizada com o programa QSR NVivo ®, versão 11, utilizando como referência a Análise de Conteúdo. Conclusão:A partir do presente trabalho, pode-se constatar que o atendimento hospitalar de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência, por vezes, se apresenta de modo precário. Tal precariedade surge da limitação e fragmentação que os profissionais de saúde demonstram em relação à percepção e à compreensão da violência e proteção sobre crianças e adolescentes. / Background: Violence against children is a problem that is assuming epidemic proportions, manifesting itself in all cultures, social classes, schooling levels, income brackets and ethnic origins. Such a phenomenon, which contradicts obligations to respect human rights and the child's developmental needs, is often approved and authorized by society and the State. In view of the problem presented, the Brazilian legislation determines, to the Health System, different obligations, aiming at restoring the violated rights of children and adolescents victims of violence. These obligations involve the integral care of the children's health, including, as an obligation, the notification of cases of suspected or confirmed violence. Despite the legal provisions, the care of children and adolescents victims of abuse is poorly structured in many places througout country, being insufficient for the demand that reaches the health services. Aim: To evaluate the hospital care of children in situations of violence. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 professionals who work in the care of children victims of violence. Questions about perceptions of violence, understanding about child protection and interdisciplinarity, and perceptions about the different intra- and extra-hospital protection resources were included. The data evaluation was performed with the QSR NVivo ® program, version 11, using as a reference the Content Analysis. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it can be observed that the hospital attendance of children in a situation of violence sometimes presents in a precarious way. Such precariousness arises from the limitation and fragmentation that health professionals demonstrate regarding the perception and understanding of violence and protection of children.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Aparecida Goncalves Oliveira.pdf: 1155931 bytes, checksum: 824725a32749a82e34bf022d88826ed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-22 / Bioethics, a subject inherently related to Biology, is defined as a systematic study of moral/ethical behavior in life sciences. The advances in biological sciences areas have contributed for the improvement of life conditions of the human being, of animal species, as well as environmental equilibrium. However, these progresses have been facing some bioethics/ethical conflicts and dilemma. Despite of its importance, only recently Bioethics was included as an obliged subject in the resume of the Biological Sciences courses. The goals / aims in this study are: to survey the Biological Sciences courses, of the state of Minas Gerais, in which Bioethics is included in their academic program; to analyze the view of the Bioethics faculty members in relation to planning, literature support, and their expectation on the final core of that discipline. Regarding to methodology, 91 institutions of Higher Education of the state of Minas Gerais, offering undergraduate and related courses in Biology including Bioethics in their programs, were selected for this research work. Data for quantitative analyses in this work were provided by the Ministry of the Education and Culture - MEC, through the available information on its website, and by a questionnaire applied to a sample of 8 faculty members of the selected institutions. In addition, a personal interview with the selected lecturers was performed. The results revealed the absence of this subject in the majority of the academic programs of the considered courses. In those courses offering such discipline the number of lecturing hours was reduced as to the expected content to be delivered. In relation to the view of the consulted faculty members, it was clear the high diversity of background among them. According to the satisfactory or desired profile of professionals engaged in bioethics activities, the current academic programs of the totality of the biology courses in the universe surveyed in this research, much has to be done not only on the inclusion of the such subject in the academic programs as well as in terms of qualification of the faculty members in charge to ministry it as part of those programs / A Bioética é definida como um estudo sistemático da conduta (moral/ética) nas ciências da vida e da medicina. O avanço na área das ciências biológicas tem contribuído muito para a melhoria das condições de vida humana, de várias espécies animais, bem como melhoria ambiental. Porém, esses avanços têm levado ao enfrentamento de vários conflitos e dilemas éticos/bioéticos. Apesar de sua importância, apenas recentemente a Bioética foi incluída como disciplina obrigatória no currículo dos cursos de Ciências Biológicas. Os objetivos deste estudo são: identificar quais os cursos de Ciências Biológicas do estado de Minas Gerais tem em sua matriz curricular a disciplina Bioética; analisar a visão dos professores de Bioética quanto ao planejamento, os fundamentos teóricos que servem de base à execução de suas aulas, bem como suas perspectivas com relação ao ensino da mesma. Quanto à metodologia, para o universo desta pesquisa foram selecionadas 91 instituições de ensino superior do estado de Minas Gerais, que oferecem cursos de graduação em ciências biológicas, licenciatura e bacharelado e apresentam a disciplina Bioética em suas matrizes curriculares. Assim, com base na lista de cursos disponibilizada pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura MEC, no site do e-Mec, foi feito um levantamento quantitativo acerca da oferta de tal disciplina, por meio da leitura das respectivas estruturas curriculares desses cursos, de uma amostra de oito professores que ministram tal disciplina nas instituições supracitadas, de um TCLE (termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido) e de um questionário. Além disso, foi feita uma entrevista com os professores que responderam ao questionário. Os resultados revelam a ausência dessa disciplina na maioria dos cursos; quando presente, apresenta carga horária reduzida. Com relação à visão dos professores entrevistados, ficou clara a diversidade de formação entre eles. No que se refere ao perfil satisfatório ou ideal dos profissionais responsáveis pelas atividades bioéticas, os programas dos cursos de ciências biológicas na sua totalidade, no universo pesquisado, ficou claro que há muito ainda a ser feito, não somente a implantação da disciplina em seus programas acadêmicos, como também a qualificação os profissionais que tiverem a responsabilidade de ministrá-la

abstract: Advocacy groups work across many aspects of “death with dignity” practice and treatment, and provide insight across multiple aspects of “death with dignity”. This study argues that key advocacy groups in the American death with dignity movement influenced the broader conceptualization of death with dignity in a way that makes patients more able to achieve it. This influence has been a dynamic process across different periods of practice starting the discussion of “death with dignity” in 1985 through today, although this thesis extends only to 2011. The question in this study is how do the three main historical advocacy groups in the US: the Hemlock Society, Compassion in Dying, and Compassion and Choices, conceptualize death with dignity with regards to patient and doctor relationship, legal and policy factors, and medical technologies and protocols? This study found that the Hemlock Society (1980-2005) characterized death with dignity as a terminally ill patient being able to “self-deliver” from suffering via autoeuthanasia regardless of medical community approval or legality. Compassion in Dying (1993-2007) characterized death with dignity as involved advocacy work with terminal patients and their communities to pursue palliative care and hospice up to the point of assisted death. This organization was also involved in the passing of Oregon Death with Dignity Act. Compassion and Choices (2007-present) characterized death with dignity similarly to Compassion in Dying but also advocated for adequate management of pain and suffering symptoms in palliative care to prevent people from desiring death over the illness. Conceptualizing death with dignity is important for understanding why patients want death with dignity and better accommodating their end of life needs when they are suffering with terminal illness. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biology 2019

The partnership between medical academia and the pharmaceutical industry has been scrutinized for issues associated with research bias. As a result of this scrutiny, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued policy recommendations in 2009 directing academia to adopt comprehensive conflict of interest (COI) policies. During the same time, a slowdown of funded research into academia occurred, and it is not clear whether the IOM recommendations contributed to this problem. The purpose of this case study was to determine the extent to which compliance with the IOM policy resulted in a reduction in funded research. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was the theoretical lens used for study. COI policy statements (n = 15) were analyzed from American Association of Medical Colleges member schools that engage in medical research. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 4 medical academic researchers. Data were inductively coded and organized around key themes. Key findings indicated that medical academia is compliant with IOM recommendations and COI policies did not appear to have a direct effect on research placement by industry. Interestingly, a possible explanation for reductions in industry funding relate to inefficient institutional review board processes. Additionally, the ACF construct was validated via an observed complex and slowly evolving COI policy process. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to academia to continue to monitor and report on COI and explore efficiency improvements related to IRB oversight in order to support important pharmaceutical research that ultimately improves the health and wellbeing of people.

An estimated 300,000 people contract Lyme disease in the USA every year, 10-20% of whom will experience long-term symptoms even after antibiotic treatment. These patients are said to have Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD). However, diagnostic guidelines, treatment protocols, and the etiological existence of CLD have been the subject of much controversy in the biomedical field, leading to negative mental and physical health outcomes for of patients with CLD. Patient support networks focused on illness experience, known as biosocialities, have formed in response to this controversy. CLD biosocialities create opportunities for patients to participate in biomedical activism and the scientific research process. A historical precedent for biosocial impact on biomedical knowledge and improved health outcomes has been established from patient activists with HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, and PTSD. The impact of CLD patients’ biosocial activism on a scientific and sociological level is evaluated through an examination of the publications of CLD support networks and biomedical research publications. CLD biosocial activism has resulted in more patient-centered research endeavours, etiological proof of CLD, improved diagnostic technologies, and new treatment protocols. These biomedical results have implications for improved CLD patient health outcomes and credibility for CLD as a legitimate disease on a biological and sociological level.

With advancements in CRISPR-cas9 broadening the potential paths for clinical usage of genetic editing, conversations about genetic editing have grown to outside simply scientific communities and into mainstream conversations. This study focuses specifically on Christian discourse of genetic editing and locates four major tensions for many Christians when they think about genetic editing: beginning of life, Creator-human relationship, imago Dei, and stewardship. With these major concerns in mind, I identify epigenetics, somatic cell genetic editing, and in vivo genetic editing research as important research paths to pursue as they can potentially produce techniques that more Christian individuals would feel comfortable using. I pursue one of these paths and conclude with an experimental proposal for an analysis of in vivo and in vitro CIRSPR-Cas9 efficiency in regards to on- and off-target rates.

In the recent political climate, the debate regarding undocumented immigrants and what, if anything, they are entitled to in the US has been incredibly contentious. In the bioethics portion of this thesis, I examine two of the major frameworks for distributive justice, cosmopolitanism and the political conception, address the criminal aspect of undocumented immigration, and suggest a switch from a focus on criminality to focusing on the forces that incentivize undocumented immigration to determine the type of claim undocumented immigrants have to health resources. In the biology portion, I examine three case studies: respiratory tract infection, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis to illustrate health disparities among undocumented populations. I conclude that based on their participation in shared social cooperation and the unspoken shadow contract of companies incentivizing undocumented immigrants to come to the US to provide cheap labor, undocumented immigrants do have a right to access healthcare in the US. However, we should account for risk factors such as other marginalized identities, country of origin, and rate and methods of disease transmission when determining exactly what that care should look like.

<p>This thesis examines the Swedish political response to the challenges posed by gene technology, seen through the prism of governmental commissions. It discerns and analyses continuities and changes in the Swedish political conception of gene technology, over the course of two decades, 1980–2000. This is done by thematically following ideas of “risks” and “ethics” as they are represented in the inner workings and reception of three governmental commissions. The Gene-Ethics Commission (1981–1984), the Gene Technology Commission (1990–1992) and the Biotechnology Commission (1997–2000) form the empirical focal points of this analysis. The first two provided preparatory policy proposals that preceded the implementation of the Swedish gene technology laws of 1991 and 1994. The last one aimed at presenting a comprehensive Swedish biotechnology policy for the new millennium.</p><p> The study takes into account the role of governmental commissions as arenas where science and politics intersect in Swedish political life, and illuminates how this type of “boundary organisation”, placed on the border of science and politics, impinges on the understanding of the gene technology issue. The commissions have looked into the limits, dangers, possibilities and future applications of gene technology. They have been appointed to deal with the problematic task of distinguishing between what is routine and untested practices, realistic prediction and “science fiction”, what are unique problems and what are problems substantially similar to older ones, what constitutes a responsible approach as opposed to misconduct and what it means to let things “get out of hand” in contrast to being “in control”. Throughout a period of twenty years, media reports have continued to frame the challenges posed by gene technology as a task of balancing risks and benefits, walking the fine line between “frankenfoods” and “miracle drugs”. </p><p>One salient problem for the commissions to solve was that science and industry seemed to promote a technology the public opposed and resisted, at least in parts. For both politics and science to gain, or regain, public trust it needed to demonstrate that risks – be it environmental, ethical or health related ones – were under control. Under the surface, it was much more complicated than “science helping politics” to make informed and rational decisions on how to formulate a regulatory policy. Could experts be trusted to participate in policy-making in a neutral way and was it not important, in accordance with democratic norms, to involve the public? </p>

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-95). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99380