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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Évaluation d'une perfusion d'algosédation guidée soit par l'échelle de Ramsay soit par la technologie BIS sur le temps d'émergence et sur la synchronie patient-ventilateur auprès d'adultes non communicatifs durant la phase aiguë de ventilation mécanique en soins critiques / Evaluation of algosedation perfusion guided by ramsay scale versus bis technology on the emergence time for sustained spontaneous breathing and patient ventilator interaction on non communicative adults during the acute phase of mechanical ventilation in critical care

Ouellet, Paul January 2013 (has links)
Résumé : Cette thèse s’intéresse au temps d’émergence et aux asynchronies patient-ventilateur à l’origine de lésions pulmonaires chez des patients en soins critiques sous algosédation durant la phase aiguë de la ventilation mécanique. L’originalité de cette recherche consiste à comparer un protocole d’algosédation guidé par l’échelle de Ramsay (le standard) à celui guidé par la technologie BIS. Méthodologie. Suivant un devis mixte inter groupe et intrasujets, cette recherche comporte deux groupes de patients adultes et se déroule sur une période de quatre ans. Le premier groupe comprend 23 patients dont le protocole d’algosédation est guidé par l’échelle de Ramsay. Le second groupe compte 18 patients soumis à la même stratégie de ventilation et au même protocole d’algosédation mais guidé cette fois-ci par la technologie BIS. Mesures. Le temps d ’émergence pour un retour à la ventilation spontanée soutenue (TEVSS) suivant l’arrêt de la perfusion de l’algosédation et les interactions patient-ventilateur (synchronies et asynchronies) durant la phase aiguë de ventilation constituent les variables dépendantes. Résultats. Le groupe bénéficiant de la technologie BIS présente un TEVSS médian de 3,1 heures comparé à 22,5 heures pour le groupe guidé par l’échelle de Ramsay (valeur p=0,001). De plus, le groupe bénéficiant de la technologie BIS présente 11% de moins d’asynchronies patient-ventilateur que celui guidé par l’échelle de Ramsay (valeur p<0,001). En outre, parmi les paramètres de la technologie BIS, l’électromyogramme (EMG) s’avère l’élément le plus robuste à prédire l’asynchronie patient-ventilateur. Conclusion. La réduction du TEVSS ainsi que la diminution des asynchronies patient-ventilateur démontrent un avantage considérable à utiliser la technologie BIS en soins critiques chez les patients adultes non communicatifs durant la phase aiguë de ventilation mécanique. De plus, l’EMG de la technologie BIS permettrait vraisemblablement de déceler de façon précoce l’expression préclinique de la douleur. Enfin, cette thèse propose un algorithme de contrôle de l’algosédation en soins critiques en référence à la technologie BIS. // Abstract : This thesis focuses on emergence time from algosédation (for which a prolongation increases complex investigations and costs) and on patient-ventilator interaction (related to lung injuries) in critical care patients undergoing mechanical ventilation with algosedation perfusion during the acute phase of ventilator support. More specifically, the originality of this research stems from the simultaneous comparison of the emergence time for a retum of sustained spontaneous breathing and the presence of asynchronies, by eomparing algosedation guided by the Ramsay scale (gold standard) in a first group and by the BIS technology in a second group. Methodology. Following a mixed design of an inter group, intra subject, this research is performed in two groups of adults over a period of four years. The first group consists of 23 patients where algosedation is guided with the Ramsay scale whereas the second group consists of 18 patients with the same ventilation strategy and same algosédation protocol but guided using the BIS technology. This research evaluates the effectiveness of both instruments to guide algosedation during the acute phase of ventilation. Measures. Dependent variables consist of the emergence time for a sustained spontaneous breathing following cessation o f algosedation and patient-ventilator interaction (asynchronies) during the acute phase of ventilatory support. Results. The group guided with BIS technology has a median emergence time for a sustained spontaneous breathing of 3.1 hours compared to 22.5 hours for the Ramsay scale guided group (p value=0.001). Furthermore, patients benefiting from the BIS technology presented 11% less asynchrony than those with the Ramsay scale (p value <0.001). More specifically, among BIS technology parameters, electromyography (EMG) appeared the best indicator to predict patient-ventilator asynchrony in both groups. Conclusion. In the second group, the reduction in the emergence time for a sustained spontaneous breathing and the decrease of patient-ventilator asynchronies mandates the use o f BIS technology in critical care to guidee algosedation among non-communicative adults during the acute phase of ventilatory support. EMG from the BIS technology might be able to detect pre-clinical pain expression. This thesis also favors the implementation of a décision algorithm in the control of algosedation in critical care.
112

Livskvalitet hos högkänsliga personer : en studie om högkänslighet, självmedkänsla och personlighet / Quality of life for Highly Sensitive Persons : a study on high sensitivity, self-compassion and personality

Brongers, Rosalinde January 2015 (has links)
Tjugo procent av alla människor är högkänsliga (HSP = Highly Sensitive Person), vilket innebär att de är födda med ett känsligt nervsystem. Många HSP upplever negativa konsekvenser i sin vardag som påverkar livskvaliteten. Eftersom gruppen HSP är så stor och kopplingen HSP, livskvalitet och självmedkänsla inte specifikt har undersökts, var det relevant att göra den här enkätundersökningen. De undersökta frågeställningar är: Finns det inom gruppen HSP angående variablerna: Livskvalitet, Självmedkänsla, Högkänslighet, BIS, BAS, Extraversion och Neuroticism (a) signifikanta samband mellan samtliga variablerna? (b) Till vilken grad förklarar variablerna Livskvalitet och Högkänslighet? (c) Finns det könsskillnader angående samtliga variablerna? (d) Finns det ett positivt samband mellan Högkänslighet och Ålder? De 111 deltagare var medlemmar i Sveriges Förening för Högkänsliga och samtliga var enligt självskattning HSP, som bekräftades av insamlade data. Deltagargruppen bestod av 93 kvinnor (84%) och 18 män (16%) och genomsnittsålder var 50 år, där lägsta åldern var 35 år och högsta 70. Samtliga frågeställningar har besvarats genom analysmetoderna: Pearsons korrelationsanalys, Standard Multipel Linjär Regression och T-test. Det viktigaste resultatet var att kopplingen mellan HSP och självmedkänsla bidrog med ny kunskap, där slutsatsen blev att utövandet av självmedkänsla kan bidra till att aktivt öka graden av livskvalitet för HSP. Det starkaste sambandet i studien förelåg mellan BIS och neuroticism, vilket betyder att vid en ökning av BIS, ökar graden av negativ affekt och vice versa; resultatet låg i linje med tidigare forskning. Två oväntade resultat var att (a) drivkraften (BASDrive) predicerade högkänslighet mest till skillnad från litteraturen som pekar åt BIS och neuroticism som skulle ha starkast koppling och (b) att graden av högkänslighet sjönk vid ökad ålder; vilket talar emot tidigare forskning. Uppsatsen är en relevant informationskälla för HSP och alla andra som interagerar med HSP. / Twenty percent of all people are highly sensitive (HSP = Highly Sensitive Person) which means that they are born with a sensitive nervous system. Many HSP's are experiencing negative consequences in their everyday lives that affect their quality of life. As the group HSP is large and the correlation between HSP, quality of life and self-compassion is not specifically is investigated, the present study was relevant. The examined questions are: Is there within the group of HSP regarding Quality of Life, Self-compassion, High sensitivity, BIS, BAS, Extraversion and Neuroticism (a) significant correlations between the variables? (b) To what extend do the variables explain Quality of Life and High Sensitivity? (c) Are there gender differences regarding the variables? (d) Is there a positive correlation between High Sensitivity and Age? The 111 participants were members of the Sveriges Förening för Högkänsliga and all were HSP according to self-assessment, which also was confirmed by the data collected. The group of participants consisted of 93 women (84%) and 18 men (16%) and the average age was 50, where the lowest age was 35 years and the highest 70. All questions were answered by these analytical methods: Pearson's correlation analysis, Standard Multiple Linear Regression and T-test. The main outcome was that the link between HSP and self-compassion contributed to new knowledge, which concluded that the practice of Self-compassion can help to actively increase the level of quality of life for HSP's. The strongest correlation in the study was between BIS and neuroticism, which means that at an increase of BIS, the degree of negative affect also increased and vice versa; the result was in line with previous research. Two unexpected results were that (a) the driving force (BASDrive) predicted high sensitivity most, unlike the literature suggesting that BIS and neuroticism would have the strongest connection and (b) the degree of high sensitivity decreased with increase in age; which contradicts earlier research. The essay is a relevant source of information for the HSP and all others who are interacting with HSP.
113

Novos mon?meros obtidos a partir do metacrilato de glicidila, bisfenol A e 4, 4 isopropilidenodicicloexanol : s?ntese, caracteriza??o estrutural e propriedades de comp?sitos para utiliza??o em resinas de restaura??o dental / New monomers obtained from glycidyl methacrylate, bisphenol A and 4,4 -isopropylidenedicyclohexanol: synthesis, structural characterization and properties of composites for use as dental composite resins

Reis, Jeanne Hemet?rio Cordeiro dos 28 September 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanneHCR.pdf: 2470228 bytes, checksum: 64b0abbe75bda944c8a21ce90a9f572b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, composite resins are the direct restorative materials more important in dental clinical performance, due to their versatility and aesthetic excellence. Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-metacryloxypropoxy)phenil]propane) is the base monomer more frequently used in restorative composite resins. However, this monomer presents some disadvantages, such as high viscosity and two aromatic rings in its structure that can promote allergic reactions to the humans. In this work, the main purpose was to synthesize new monomers from glycidyl methacrylate to use in dental restorative materials. Structural characterization of the monomers was carried out through FTIR and NMR 1H, and eight composites were produced from the new monomers, by addition of silane-treated alumino silicate particles (inorganic filler) and a photocuring system (camphorquinone and ethyl 4-dimethylaminebenzoate). The composites were analyzed by environmental scanning electronic microscopy and the water sorption and solubility, compressive strength and elastic modulus were determined. A commercial composite resin [Z100 (3M)] was used to comparison effect. The new composites presented general characteristics similar to the commercial ones; however, they didn t present the properties expected. This behavior was attributed to the lower degree of monomer reaction and to the granulometry and size distribution of the mineral filler in the polymeric matrix / Atualmente, as resinas compostas constituem-se no material restaurador direto mais utilizado nas interven??es da cl?nica odontol?gica, dada a sua versatilidade e excel?ncia est?tica. O mon?mero mais freq?entemente usado na matriz polim?rica dessas resinas ? o Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hidr?xi-3-metacriloiloxipropoxi)fenil]propano). No entanto, esse mon?mero apresenta algumas desvantagens, tais como elevada viscosidade e a presen?a de dois an?is arom?ticos em sua estrutura que podem causar rea??es al?rgicas ao organismo humano. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi sintetizar, a partir do metacrilato de glicidila, novos mon?meros para serem utilizados como componentes de poss?veis materiais restauradores dentais. A estrutura qu?mica dos mon?meros obtidos foi caracterizada pelas t?cnicas espectrosc?picas FTIR e RMN 1H, e oito comp?sitos foram preparados a partir dos novos mon?meros e part?culas silanizadas de silicato de alum?nio (carga inorg?nica), utilizando um sistema fotoativador/iniciador composto por canforoquinona e 4-dimetil amina benzoato de etila. Os comp?sitos foram analisados por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura ambiental e avaliados quanto ? sor??o e solubilidade em ?gua, resist?ncia ? compress?o e m?dulo de elasticidade. Para efeito de compara??o, utilizou-se a resina composta comercial Z100 (3M). Os novos comp?sitos preparados apresentaram caracter?sticas gerais semelhantes ?s resinas comerciais, entretanto, n?o se comportaram como esperado em rela??o ?s propriedades estudadas, o que foi atribu?do ao menor grau de rea??o dos mon?meros e ? granulometria e distribui??o da carga mineral na matriz polim?rica
114

Dimensões do princípio do ne bis in idem / Perspectives of ne bis in idem principle

Keity Mara Ferreira de Souza e Saboya 31 October 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetiva-se reconstruir o sentido e o alcance do princípio do ne bis in idem, estudando-se as interferências recíprocas do direito penal e do direito administrativo sancionador, com ênfase na concorrência normativa entre tais manifestações do ius puniendi do Estado, seus desdobramentos e os riscos que representam para a liberdade humana, especificamente em face da interdição de duplicidade ou multiplicidade punitiva encartada no princípio em comento. Estrutura-se o texto em três pilares: a primeira parte cuida dos aspectos mais universais do princípio do ne bis in idem, percorrendo tanto seu traçado histórico como seu reconhecimento internacional; a segunda parte examina a consistente experiência jurídica europeia, analisando os marcos teóricos e práticos relacionados à matéria; finalmente, a terceira parte atinge o âmago da investigação, enfocando teoricamente o princípio do ne bis in idem, de modo a renovar sua interpretação no plano nacional, redimensionando as convergências entre o direito penal e o direito administrativo sancionador, a unicidade da (re)ação repressiva do Estado e as possibilidades de enfrentamento das disfunções desse princípio no direito brasileiro. Demonstra-se que a acumulação de sanções de caráter punitivo, de natureza penal e/ou administrativa sancionadora, quando presentes os pressupostos de identidade de sujeito, de fatos e de fundamentos, é vedada pelo espectro de proteção do princípio do ne bis in idem. Postula-se, ainda, esclarecer se, nas situações de exacerbação punitiva com fins semelhantes ou confluentes, deverá sempre prevalecer a aplicação da lei penal. Espera-se, ademais, formular propostas para a regulamentação de conflitos nos casos de concorrência normativa entre o direito penal e o direito administrativo sancionador. Evidencia-se, enfim, que o objetivo principal da investigação é a plena compreensão do princípio do ne bis in idem, refletindo-se a respeito da ilegitimidade da acumulação de sanções penais e sanções administrativas, tão somente pelo fundamento de que não é possível a desvinculação das regras de independência entre a competência jurisdicional e a atribuição sancionadora da administração ou em razão de supostas indiferenças ontológicas entre os ilícitos penal e administrativo. / The purpose of this work is to reconstruct the meaning and scope of the principle of ne bis in idem, with the study of reciprocal interference of criminal law and sanctioning of administrative law, with an emphasis on competition rules between these manifestations of the penalizing authority of the State, its consequences and the risks posed to human freedom, especially in the face of prohibition of double or multiple punitive inset in principle under discussion.The text is structured on three pillars: the first part takes care of the most universal principle of ne bis in idem, covering both your track record as its international recognition; the second part examines the consistent European legal experience, analyzing the theoretical frameworks and related to practical matters; finally, the third part goes to the heart of research, focusing theoretically the principle of ne bis in idem in order to renew their interpretation at the national level, resizing the convergence between the criminal law and administrative law sanctioning the uniqueness the (re)action repressive state and the possibilities of coping with dysfunction of this principle in Brazilian law. It shows that the accumulation of punitive sanctions, criminal and/or administrative sanctions, if present assumptions identity of subject, facts and fundamentals, is forbidden by the specter of protection of the principle of ne bis in idem. It also intends to clarify whether, in cases of exacerbation punitive or confluent with similar purposes, shall always prevail criminal law enforcement. It is expected, moreover, to formulate proposals for the regulation of conflicts in cases of competition rules between the criminal law and administrative law sanctioning. It shows, finally, that the main objective of the investigation is fully understanding the principle of ne bis in idem, reflecting about the ilegitimacy accumulation of criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, especially with the fundament that it is not possible untying the rules of independence between the jurisdiction and the award of punitive or administration due to ontological indifferences between the illicit criminal and administrative.
115

Dimensões do princípio do ne bis in idem / Perspectives of ne bis in idem principle

Keity Mara Ferreira de Souza e Saboya 31 October 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetiva-se reconstruir o sentido e o alcance do princípio do ne bis in idem, estudando-se as interferências recíprocas do direito penal e do direito administrativo sancionador, com ênfase na concorrência normativa entre tais manifestações do ius puniendi do Estado, seus desdobramentos e os riscos que representam para a liberdade humana, especificamente em face da interdição de duplicidade ou multiplicidade punitiva encartada no princípio em comento. Estrutura-se o texto em três pilares: a primeira parte cuida dos aspectos mais universais do princípio do ne bis in idem, percorrendo tanto seu traçado histórico como seu reconhecimento internacional; a segunda parte examina a consistente experiência jurídica europeia, analisando os marcos teóricos e práticos relacionados à matéria; finalmente, a terceira parte atinge o âmago da investigação, enfocando teoricamente o princípio do ne bis in idem, de modo a renovar sua interpretação no plano nacional, redimensionando as convergências entre o direito penal e o direito administrativo sancionador, a unicidade da (re)ação repressiva do Estado e as possibilidades de enfrentamento das disfunções desse princípio no direito brasileiro. Demonstra-se que a acumulação de sanções de caráter punitivo, de natureza penal e/ou administrativa sancionadora, quando presentes os pressupostos de identidade de sujeito, de fatos e de fundamentos, é vedada pelo espectro de proteção do princípio do ne bis in idem. Postula-se, ainda, esclarecer se, nas situações de exacerbação punitiva com fins semelhantes ou confluentes, deverá sempre prevalecer a aplicação da lei penal. Espera-se, ademais, formular propostas para a regulamentação de conflitos nos casos de concorrência normativa entre o direito penal e o direito administrativo sancionador. Evidencia-se, enfim, que o objetivo principal da investigação é a plena compreensão do princípio do ne bis in idem, refletindo-se a respeito da ilegitimidade da acumulação de sanções penais e sanções administrativas, tão somente pelo fundamento de que não é possível a desvinculação das regras de independência entre a competência jurisdicional e a atribuição sancionadora da administração ou em razão de supostas indiferenças ontológicas entre os ilícitos penal e administrativo. / The purpose of this work is to reconstruct the meaning and scope of the principle of ne bis in idem, with the study of reciprocal interference of criminal law and sanctioning of administrative law, with an emphasis on competition rules between these manifestations of the penalizing authority of the State, its consequences and the risks posed to human freedom, especially in the face of prohibition of double or multiple punitive inset in principle under discussion.The text is structured on three pillars: the first part takes care of the most universal principle of ne bis in idem, covering both your track record as its international recognition; the second part examines the consistent European legal experience, analyzing the theoretical frameworks and related to practical matters; finally, the third part goes to the heart of research, focusing theoretically the principle of ne bis in idem in order to renew their interpretation at the national level, resizing the convergence between the criminal law and administrative law sanctioning the uniqueness the (re)action repressive state and the possibilities of coping with dysfunction of this principle in Brazilian law. It shows that the accumulation of punitive sanctions, criminal and/or administrative sanctions, if present assumptions identity of subject, facts and fundamentals, is forbidden by the specter of protection of the principle of ne bis in idem. It also intends to clarify whether, in cases of exacerbation punitive or confluent with similar purposes, shall always prevail criminal law enforcement. It is expected, moreover, to formulate proposals for the regulation of conflicts in cases of competition rules between the criminal law and administrative law sanctioning. It shows, finally, that the main objective of the investigation is fully understanding the principle of ne bis in idem, reflecting about the ilegitimacy accumulation of criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, especially with the fundament that it is not possible untying the rules of independence between the jurisdiction and the award of punitive or administration due to ontological indifferences between the illicit criminal and administrative.
116

Contribution à l'étude de la chimiodiversité des hépatiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie / Contribution to the study of the chemiodiversity of Liverwort from New Caledonia

Metoyer, Benjamin 21 August 2017 (has links)
L’étude phytochimique des hépatiques de la Nouvelle-Calédonie a été réalisée sur 34 espèces d’hépatique (dont 14 endémiques) appartenant à six familles (Plagiochilaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Porellaceae, Lejeuneaceae et Frullaniaceae). La composition chimique, notamment en constituants volatils principalement sesquiterpéniques, de ces espèces a pu être établie pour la première fois pour la majorité des espèces étudiées, et il s’agit de la première étude phytochimique réalisée sur les genres Chiastocaulon et Acromastigum. Environ 260 constituants ont pu être déterminés pour ces espèces ci-étudiées, ils appartiennent en majorité à la famille des terpénoïdes, et à d’autres familles de métabolites secondaires d’intérêt tels que les composés aromatiques. Quatre nouveaux produits naturels ont pu être isolés et caractérisés.L’activité antibactérienne d’extraits d’espèces issues de trois familles (Plagiochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Lejeunaceae) a été montrée sur deux souches bactériennes (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). Les extraits à l’éther les plus actifs sont ceux de Bazzania parisii (actif sur S. epidermidis avec une CI50 de 19,3±0,8 μg/ml) et de Bazzania subintegra (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 16,3±1,1 μg/ml). Les extraits méthanoliques les plus actifs sont ceux : de Bazzania serrifolia (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 17,7±1,9 μg / ml), de Chiastocaulon caledonicum (actif sur S. aureus avec une CI50 de 6,7±1 μg/ml), de Bazzania sp. AD212 (actif sur S. epidermis avec une CI50 de 14,1±1 μg/ml) et de Bazzania francana (actif sur S. epidermis avec une CI50 de 17,0±1,6 μg/ml). / Phytochemical survey of 34 New-Caledonian liverwort species (including 14 endemic species) belonging to six families (Plagiochilaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Porellaceae, Lejeuneaceae, and Frullaniaceae) had been performed. Chemical composition of these species, mostly of volatile constituents, had been established for the first time for most of them and phytochemical study of species from Chiastocaulon of Acromastigum genus had been performed for the first time. Nearly 260 compounds were reported as identified constituents of these plants extracts, most of them being terpene. Four new natural products had been characterized.Antibacterial activity of liverworts extracts from three Hepaticeae families (Plagiochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, and Lejeuneaceae) had been shown on two strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). The most active ether extracts were found to be those from Bazzania parisii (active on S. epidermidis having an IC50 of 19.3±0.8 μg/ml) and from Bazzania subintegra (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 16.3±1.1 μg/ml). The most active methanolic extracts were found to be respectively from : Bazzania serrifolia (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 17.7±1.9 μg / ml), Chiastocaulon caledonicum (active on S. aureus having an IC50 of 6,7±1 μg/ml), Bazzania sp. AD212 (active on S. epidermis having an IC50 of 14.1±1 μg/ml) and Bazzania francana (active on S. epidermis having an IC50 of 17.0±1.6 μg/ml).
117

Síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3-triazóis via reação de cicloadição [3+2] de azidas e acetilenos terminais / Synthesis and functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles via cycloaddition [3 +2] azide in the presence of acetylenes

Hugo Antonio Canduzini 30 August 2012 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3- triazóis empregando o uso de reações do tipo \"Click-chemistry\", que é uma abordagem para a síntese de diversos compostos com base em reações de formação de ligação carbono-heteroátomo, onde a reação é estereoespecífica, altamente eficiente e geralmente com elevados rendimentos e em alguns casos ausência de subprodutos. O composto 1,2,3-triazol, sendo o material de partida para a continuidade do projeto foi preparado a partir do álcool propargílico (4) em presença de uma azida orgânica (1) e utilizando cobre(I) como agente promotor. Após a obtenção de uma série de compostos 1,2,3-triazólicos (2), procedeu-se a etapa de tosilação da hidroxila e posterior cicloadição multicomponente de um novo 1,2,3-triazol formando compostos bis-triazólicos. Os bis-triazóis (5) obtidos foram testados frente a cepas fúngicas, responsáveis por dermatites, com resultados satisfatórios. Ainda essas estruturas poderão ser empregados como blocos construtores para a síntese de estruturas mais complexas. / The aim of this work has been exploring the synthesis and functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles employing the use of \"click-chemistry\" concept, which is defined as an approach for synthesis of various compounds based on reactions of carbon-heteroatom bond formation, which the reaction is stereospecific, high-efficiently, commonly gives high yields and in some cases no by-products are formed. The compound 1,2,3-triazole, which is the main starting material for the next steps was prepared from propargyl alcohol (4) in the presence of an organic azide (1) and copper(I) as a reaction promoter. Subsequently with a series of 1,2,3-triazole (2n) prepared we proceeded to the next step which is the substitution of hydroxyl for a tosyl group and after that a multicomponent cycloaddition of a new 1,2,3-triazole compound forming bis-triazoles. Bis-triazoles (5) were tested against fungal strains, responsible for dermatitis, with delighted results, furhtermore this class of strutures can be used as building blocks to improve efficiency in some other more complex structure.
118

Complexos de óxido nítrico com trans-tetraamino(trans-1,2-bis(4-piridil)etileno)rutênio e espécies correlatas / Nitric oxide complexes with trans-tetraamin(trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene)ruthenium and correlative species

Fabio Willian Watanabe 28 September 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram realizadas as sínteses dos complexos [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2, [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(NH3)4(t-bpe)]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(4-acpy)(NH3)4]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(4-acpy)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O, [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(SO4)(NH3)4](PF6)5•nH2O e [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O. Os compostos foram analisados e caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do UV-visível e do infravermelho, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear, análise elementar e técnicas eletroquímicas. O espectro de absorção na região do infravermelho mostrou para o composto trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O uma banda em 1935 cm-1 e para o [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O uma banda em 1925 cm-1. Estas bandas foram atribuídas à freqüência de estiramento NO indicando a coordenação deste ao centro metálico e que este possui um caráter de nitrosônio. Os espectros eletrônicos dos complexos [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(4-acpy)](PF6)2 e trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2 apresentaram, na região do visível, bandas de transição de transferência de carga metal-ligante (TCML) e, na região do ultravioleta, bandas de transição interna do ligante (IL). Os compostos [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(NH3)4(t-bpe)]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(SO4)(4-acpy)(NH3)4]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpe)](PF6)3 e [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(SO4)(NH3)4](PF6)5•nH2O apresentaram, na região de 300 a 400 nm, bandas de transição de transferência de carga ligante-metal (TCLM) e, abaixo de 300 nm, bandas de transição interna do ligante (IL). Os espectros dos complexos trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O e [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O apresentaram bandas na região de 320 nm com absortividades molares de, aproximadamente, 2,8.10-4 L mol-1 cm-1, atribuídas a uma mistura de transições, sendo elas: campo ligante (CL), transferência de carga ligante-ligante (TCLL), interna do ligante (IL) e transferência de carga metal-ligante (TCML). Os valores de pKas referentes à desprotonação do t-bpe nos compostos [RuII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]3+ (pKa 5,1), [RuIII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 3,6), trans-[RuII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]3+ (pKa 4,5), trans-[RuIII(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 2,8) e trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 2,3) foram determinados e pode-se perceber a influência do estado de oxidação do rutênio no pKa destes compostos. Nos complexos [RuIII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]4+ e trans-[RuIII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]4+, que apresentam o rutênio no estado de oxidação (III), os pKas determinados foram menores do que os dos complexos com o rutênio no estado de oxidação (II) ([RuII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]3+ e trans-[RuII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]3+). Já no complexo trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpeH)]4+ o pKa foi menor do que todos eles, indicando que o rutênio neste complexo se assemelha a um Ru(III). O espectro de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio do composto [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2 apresentou 3 sinais, de 8,6 a 7,6 ppm, com integração de 4:4:2, referente aos hidrogênios aromáticos e etilênicos do ligante t-bpe. Para o trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O 5 sinais na região de 8,7 e 7,6 ppm são observados devido à influência do NO, sendo que um deles é um duplo dubleto referente aos hidrogênios etilênicos. O espectro do [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O, apresentou 6 sinais na região de 8,8 e 7,2 ppm, com integração de 2:2:4:2:2:2 referentes aos hidrogênios aromáticos e etilênicos do t-bpe e aromáticos do 4-acpy. Apenas processos de oxidação/redução Ru2+/3+ foram verificados nos voltamogramas cíclicos dos complexos [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +116 mV vs Ag/AgCl), trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3 (E1/2’ = +165 mV vs Ag/AgCl), trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(H2O)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +247 mV vs Ag/AgCl) e trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +405 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Nos trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O e [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(&#61549;-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O foram observados processos {RuNO}3+/{RuNO}2+ (Ec = -170 mV vs Ag/AgCl e Ec = -188 mV vs Ag/AgCl, respectivamente) além de picos catódicos que indicam processos {RuNO}2+/{RuNO}+ (Ec = -640 mV vs Ag/AgCl e Ec = -650 mV vs Ag/AgCl, respectivamente). O composto trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O foi irradiado em 313 e em 366 nm em pHs 1,2 e 7,0. Estas irradiações foram acompanhadas por espectroscopia de absorção na região do Uv-visível e o aumento da banda em 374 nm indicou a formação do complexo trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpe)]3+. Além disso, a liberação de NO foi acompanhada por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, ocorrendo a diminuição da banda de estiramento NO do complexo trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O, confirmando a saída de NO. Os rendimentos quânticos para a saída de NO do complexo para irradiações em 313 nm em pH 1,2 e 7,0 (0,10 e 0,12, respectivamente) e em 366nm em pH 1,2 e 7,0 (0,04 e 0,04, respectivamente) estão próximos aos de outros trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(L)]3+ em que L é um derivado piridínico. Testes fotoquímicos preliminares foram realizados com o complexo [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O mostrando-se bastante promissores, visto que além da liberação de NO quando a irradiação é feita com luz ultravioleta, ela também ocorre com luz visível. Os dados obtidos mostraram uma fraca comunicação eletrônica entre as extremidades do t-bpe e que a liberação de NO com irradiação com luz visível no [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O é fruto desta fraca comunicação que faz com que o complexo binuclear absorva no visível. Isto torna essa classe de complexos bastante promissora para o desenvolvimento de doadores de NO para aplicações biológicas, como terapia fotodinâmica. / In this work, the synthesis of the complexes [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2, [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(NH3)4(t-bpe)]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(4-acpy)(NH3)4]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(4-acpy)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O, [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)trans-Ru(SO4)(NH3)4](PF6)5•nH2O and [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O are reported. The compounds were analyzed and characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, NMR, elemental analysis and electrochemical techniques. The infrared spectra of trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O showed an absorption band at 1935 cm-1 and that of [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O a band at 1925 cm-1. These bands were assigned to the stretching frequency of NO indicating its coordination to the metallic center, and a nitrosonium character. In the electronic spectra of the [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(4-acpy)](PF6)2 and trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2 a metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition, in the visible region, and IL transitions in the ultraviolet region, appear. The spectra of [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)3, trans-[Ru(SO4)(NH3)4(t-bpe)]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(SO4)(4-acpy)(NH3)4]Cl•nH2O, trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpe)](PF6)3 and [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(SO4)(NH3)4](PF6)5•nH2O displayed a ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition in the region from 300 to 400 nm and, IL transitions below 300 nm. The spectra of the compounds trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O and [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O showed absorption bands in the 320 nm region with molar absorptivity around 2.8,10-4 L mol-1 cm-1, assigned to several transitions such as ligand field (LF), ligand-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), IL and metal-ligand charge transfer. The pKa values for the desprotonation of t-bpeH+ in [RuII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]3+ (pKa 5,1), [RuIII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 3,6), trans-[RuII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]3+ (pKa 4,5), trans-[RuIII(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 2,8) and trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpeH)]4+ (pKa 2,3) were determined. For the ruthenium(III) complexes, [RuIII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]4+ and trans-[RuIII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]4+, the pKa values were smaller than in the ruthenium(II) complexes, [RuII(NH3)5(t-bpeH)]3+ and trans-[RuII(NH3)5(H2O)(t-bpeH)]3+. The pKa for trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpeH)]4+ was the smallest one indicating a Ru(III) character for ruthenium. The 1H NMR spectrum of [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2 showed 3 signals from 8,6 to 7,6 ppm, with 4:4:2 integration, assigned to aromatic and ethylenic protons of the t-bpe ligand. For trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O there are 5 signals with chemical shifts from 8,7 to 7,6 ppm due to the NO influence. One of them is a doubled doublet assigned to ethylenic protons. The spectrum of [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O, has 6 signal located from 8,8 to 7,2 ppm, with 2:2:4:2:2:2 integration. These are assigned to aromatic and ethylenic protons of the t-bpe and aromatic of the 4-acpy. Only Ru2+/3+ processes were observed in the cyclic voltammograms of [Ru(NH3)5(t-bpe)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +116 mV vs Ag/AgCl), trans-[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(t-bpeH)](PF6)3 (E1/2’ = +165 mV vs Ag/AgCl), trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(H2O)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +247 mV vs Ag/AgCl) and trans-[Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)2 (E1/2’ = +405 mV vs Ag/AgCl). The cyclic voltammograms trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O and [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(&#61549;-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O displayed {RuNO}3+/{RuNO}2+ processes (Ec = -170 mV vs Ag/AgCl and Ec = -188 mV vs Ag/AgCl, respectively) and cathodic peaks indicating {RuNO}2+/{RuNO}+ processes (Ec = -640 mV vs Ag/AgCl and Ec = -650 mV vs Ag/AgCl, respectively). The compound trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(t-bpe)](PF6)3•H2O was irradiated at 313 and 366 nm, at pHs 1,2 and 7,0. Uv-vis and infrared spectrophotometries were used to analyze the product of the photochemical reaction. The decrease of the absorption band, NO, indicated the NO released. The quantum yields were determined for irradiations in 313 nm at pH 1,2 and 7,0 (0,10 and 0,12, respectively) and irradiations in 366nm at pH 1,2 and 7,0 (0,04 and 0,04, respectively) and are in agreement with those of other trans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4(L)]3+ (L = py-X) complexes. Very promising preliminary photochemical results showed that irradiation of [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O with ultraviolet or visible light result in NO release. The data set showed a weak electronic communication between the extremities of t-bpe and that the NO release from [trans-Ru(4-acpy)(NH3)4(mu-t-bpe)trans-Ru(NO)(NH3)4]Cl5•2H2O with visible light is a result of that weak communication which causes visible light absorption by the binuclear complex. Thus, this class of complexes is very promising for the development of NO donors directed for biological applications, such as photochemical therapy.
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Avaliação do pH, liberação de íons cálcio e atividade antibacteriana de um material retrobturador de polimerização dual à base de Bis-EMA/MTA / Evaluation of pH, calcium release, and antibacterial activity of a dual-cure Bis-EMA/MTA-based root-end filling material

LINHARES, Giane da Silva 05 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_giane_silva_linhares.pdf: 488926 bytes, checksum: 2a1b87dca9f0a74faf913e8c6e40713e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-05 / The incorporation of light-curable resins has been proposed for Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) to improve its properties and reduce its setting time. The aim of the present study was to assess the pH, calcium-ion release and antibacterial activity of an experimental dual-cure Bis-EMA/MTA-based root-end filling material (E-MTA) in comparison with white-MTA (W-MTA); and to evaluate the influence of the addition of CaCl2 on these properties. Polyethylene tubes filled with the materials were immersed in deionized water for the measurement of pH (digital pH meter) and calcium release (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The evaluations were performed at 3 and 24 hours and 7, 15 and 30 days. The direct contact test was used for evaluation of antibacterial activity of the materials against E. faecalis 30 min and 24 h after manipulation. All materials presented a variation from an alkaline to nearly neutral pH, and were capable of releasing calcium ions along the 30 days of the study. E-MTA showed a significant lower calcium ion release capacity when compared to W-MTA (P<0.05). The calcium release of E-MTA + 5% CaCl2 was similar to W-MTA (P> 0.05). All materials were 100% effective against E. faecalis at 30 min after manipulation. Reduction in the antibacterial activity was observed for E-MTA with or without the addition of CaCl2 after 24h. The monomer Bis-EMA added to MTA formed a material with lower capacity of calcium release and lower antibacterial activity than W-MTA, in spite of maintaining a similar pH. However, the addition of CaCl2 improved the calcium release of this material / A incorporação de resinas fotopolimerizadas ao agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) tem sido proposta com o intuito de melhorar as suas propriedades e reduzir o tempo de presa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o pH, a liberação de íons cálcio e a atividade antibacteriana de um material retrobturador experimental de polimerização dual a base de Bis-EMA/MTA (MTA-E) em comparação com o MTA-branco (MTA-B); e avaliar a influência da adição de CaCl2 sobre estas propriedades. Tubos de polietileno com os materiais foram imersos em água deionizada. Para medir o pH da água foi utilizado um peagâmetro digital. O cálcio liberado foi determinado pela técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica. O Teste do Contato Direto foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos materiais contra E. faecalis 30 min e 24 h após a manipulação. Todos os materiais apresentaram uma variação de pH de alcalino para quase neutro e foram capazes de liberar íons cálcio durante os 30 dias do estudo. MTA-E mostrou uma capacidade de liberação de íons cálcio significativamente menor que o MTA-B (P<0,05). A liberação de cálcio do MTA-E + CaCl2 5% foi semelhante ao MTA-B (P>0,05). Todos os materiais foram 100% efetivos contra E. faecalis nos 30 minutos após a manipulação. Após 24h uma redução na atividade antibacteriana foi observada para o MTA-E, com ou sem a adição de CaCl2. O monómero Bis-EMA adicionado ao MTA formou um material com baixa capacidade de liberação de cálcio e menor atividade antibacteriana do que MTA-B, apesar de manter um pH semelhante. No entanto, a adição de CaCl2 melhorou a liberação de cálcio deste material
120

Small Molecule Activation of Copper and Iron Complexes with Bis(oxazoline) Ligands

Goswami, Vandana Esther 17 October 2016 (has links)
No description available.

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