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Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Mainz.

INTERNATIONAL SALES DISPUTE RESOLUTION ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with judicial resolution of disputes arising from cross-border commercial relationships, more precisely from international sales contract as their common representative. The introduction defines the term of international sales contract (chapter one) and the process of its formation (chapter two) under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG"). It addresses inter alia the gap filling of the CISG, uniform interpretation or commercial usages. Some comparative notes are also provided. Further, it examines a phenomenon called "battle of forms" that often occurs in practice when dealing with standard terms and conditions. The focal point of the thesis is the rules of jurisdiction set out in the Brussels I Regulation Recast ("Regulation") which are analysed from the perspective of an international commercial relationship. The emphasis is on the prorogation of jurisdiction under the Regulation. The third chapter deals with the territorial, temporal and material scope of application of the Regulation, as well as with its autonomous interpretation. It also discusses the role of the Regulation in arbitration. Chapter four reviews the rules of jurisdiction applicable when there is no valid choice of...

Submitted by Ana Paula Jelihovschi (anapgj@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T23:50:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checksum: d5037818c52a08c937e7a7b8c3199e0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-05-08T14:08:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checksum: d5037818c52a08c937e7a7b8c3199e0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T12:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checksum: d5037818c52a08c937e7a7b8c3199e0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-19 / Impulsivity may lead to several unfortunate consequences and maladaptive behaviors for clinical and non-clinical people. Although many studies discuss the negative impact of it, few of them emphasize the relationship between cognitive impulsiveness and decision making in non-clinical subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive impulsiveness on decision making and explore the strategies used by participants to solve problems. For this purpose, we apply two measures of impulsivity: the self-report Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the performance based Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT).This is the first study that compares self-report impulsiveness based on BIS-11 and performance-based reflectivity measured by CRT. Moreover, due to the fact that we apply the instruments on pen and paper, it is possible to evaluate participants’ reasoning processes employed to answer CRT questions. These reasoning processes are related to the role of Executive Functions for decision making and its relationship with impulsiveness. In practical terms, we observed participants’ strategies by analyzing their calculation expressions and data organization to answer CRT questions in the paper sheet. The sample consists of 191 non-clinical adults, professionals, and undergraduate students from the fields of business, management, and accounting. Results show that cognitive impulsiveness may negatively affect performance. Moreover, there is no difference in strategies used by impulsive and non-impulsive people during a decision making, and who calculate in the paper sheet perform better. Finally, people who inhibit their immediate answers also perform better during a decision making.

xxi, 199 p. ： ill. (some col.) / Mimicking the simplicity and efficiency of Nature in the synthesis and design of non-covalent receptors for ions in solution has piqued the interest of the chemical community since the mid 20th century. Until recently most of that focus has been on the binding, sensing, or remediation of inorganic cations instead of their anionic counterparts. With the realization of the role anions play in biological function or dysfunction, the development of selective probes for these highly solvated and elusive targets has become an important goal in the chemical and biological communities. Concurrently the optoelectronic properties of planar extended π-systems have been exploited in the development of novel light absorbing and emitting organics and carbon-rich materials with tunable optical outputs. While many of these compounds exhibit desirable sensor properties, their insolubility and non-specificity has hindered the inclusion of these materials in probes for biologically relevant substrates. This body of research seeks to combine our knowledge of supramolecular structure-function relationships with novel extended aromatic topologies to yield highly specific probes for anions in competitive media that exhibit discrete, tunable outputs upon interaction with their target substrates. Chapter I provides a brief overview of phenylacetylene topologies as they have been used in supramolecular assemblies and sensor design, with an emphasis on their use in anion-directed complexes. Chapter II focuses on our choice of specific arylethynylpyridine architectures upon which we can build a modular synthetic scheme to access working receptors. Chapter III encompasses the synthesis of urea and sulfonamide derivatives of phenylethynylpyridine and binding studies with these receptors and halide salts in organic media. Chapters IV and V focus upon the optoelectronic properties of these receptors, the tunability of their outputs and how we utilized their behavior in aqueous media to develop in vitro sensors for halides. This chapter concludes with recent results regarding their self-assembly on the micro-scale. This dissertation contains my previously published and co-authored work. / Committee in charge: Victoria DeRose, Chairperson; Michael Haley, Co-Advisor; Darren Haley, Co-Advisor; Shih-Yuan Liu, Member; David Schmidt, Outside Member

Tesis (Magister en Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social) / Actividad formativa equivalente a Tesis (AFET) / El presente trabajo analizará la eficacia del artículo 62 bis del Código del Trabajo, con el objeto de establecer si ha cumplido con la finalidad para la que fue incorporada a la legislación laboral, esto es, si ha sido una herramienta útil para hacer frente a la discriminación que hay detrás de la brecha remuneracional entre hombres y mujeres. Para ello, se abordará el marco jurídico asociado a los principios de igualdad y no discriminación, existente antes de la incorporación de la norma. Luego, se analizará la historia fidedigna de su establecimiento, a fin de averiguar las motivaciones del legislador y los cambios que fue sufriendo el proyecto, con especial énfasis en la opción del legislador de limitar el principio de igualdad remuneracional frente a trabajos iguales y no de igual valor, como se propuso en el proyecto de ley. Posteriormente, se dará cuenta de cifras contenidas en estudios estadísticos, con enfoque de género, para evidenciar cómo se comporta la brecha remuneracional, para luego dar paso a analizar si la incorporación de la norma tuvo algún impacto en las mismas. Además, se analizarán sentencias, a fin de indagar en ellas cómo ha sido interpretada la norma por parte de nuestros tribunales de justicia y si de las mismas se advierten ciertos elementos que sean necesarios mejorar. Finalizaremos, haciéndonos cargo del concepto de trabajo de igual valor, como medida de la discriminación.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

A persistência bacteriana correlacionada à formação de biofilmes bacterianos é, há algum tempo, fonte de grande preocupação médica em virtude de sua ampla associação com a dificuldade de tratamento de infecções crônicas. Por outro lado, as perspectivas de utilização de biofilmes bacterianos em novas aplicações biotecnológicas e até mesmo para fins terapêuticos são promissoras. Há, portanto, grande interesse em compreender os mecanismos que levam as células bacterianas a deixar o estado planctônico, de vida livre, e associarem-se nesses conglomerados celulares altamente complexos. Ao longo das últimas décadas, o segundo mensageiro c-di-GMP – em conjunto com as moléculas que catalisam sua síntese (diguanilato ciclases) e sua degradação (fosfodiesterases) e seus receptores – estabeleceu-se como um elemento central de regulação de uma série de respostas celulares que determinam a formação ou a dispersão de biofilmes. Curiosamente, as proteínas que participam do metabolismo deste segundo mensageiro estão, frequentemente, codificadas múltiplas vezes em um mesmo genoma bacteriano. Em vista dessa observação, estudos mais recentes apontam que, para reger paralelamente uma variedade tão ampla de fenótipos, este sistema opera em modo de alta especificidade de sinalização e que, portanto, o sinal metabolizado por determinados conjuntos de diguanilato ciclases e fosfodiesterases tem alvos celulares específicos. Evidências robustas, porém isoladas até o momento, apontaram que um dos meios pelo qual ocorre a segregação entre sinal produzido e alvo específico é a interação direta entre as proteínas componentes das vias de sinalização. Mais, demonstrou-se que, em algumas vias, a transmissão de sinal ocorre exclusivamente via interação proteica, dispensando a intermediação do sinalizador em si. Para avaliar a validade e relevância global deste mecanismo, propôs-se, neste estudo, a investigação da rede total de interações entre as proteínas tipicamente associadas às vias de sinalização por c-di-GMP em Pseudomonas aeruginosa, utilizando ensaios de duplo-hibrido bacteriano. Para tanto, foram construídas duas bibliotecas de DNA direcionadas e foram feitos testes de interação de forma estratégica para possibilitar o esgotamento e averiguação de todas as possíveis interações entre as proteínas alvo identificadas. O resultado obtido, um mapa inicial, porém abrangente, da rede de interações proteicas em P. aeruginosa, indica uma grande probabilidade de que os mecanismos previamente descritos sejam realmente recorrentes e relevantes para o intermédio da sinalização nesse organismo. Algumas das interações mais robustas encontradas são bastante interessantes e serão, em estudos futuros, mais extensivamente estudadas. / Persister bacteria are correlated to biofilm formation and have been a source of great medical concern due to its close association with the impairment of traditional treatment in combating chronic infections. On the other hand, using bacterial biofilms to create original biotechnological applications or even as a means of therapeutic treatment in medical settings constitutes a promising prospect. There is, therefore, a great interest in understanding the mechanisms that allow bacteria to leave the free-living planktonic lifestyle and associate in these highly complex cellular aggregates. Over the last decades, the second messenger c-di-GMP – and also the molecules involved in its synthesis (diguanylate ciclases) and degradation (phosphodiesterases) along with its receptors – has been established as a key element implicated in regulation of a series of cellular responses that determine biofilm formation or dispersion. Curiously, the proteins that play a part in the metabolism of this second messenger are frequently coded multiple times in single bacterial genomes. Taking this into account, recent studies indicate that, in order to control such a wide range of phenotypes, this system operates via high specificity of signaling – which means that the signal metabolized by a certain set of diguanylate ciclases and phosphodiesterases has specific cellular targets. Robust but yet isolated evidence indicate that a means by which a signal is segregated with its correlated phenotypic response is through direct protein-protein interaction involving the components of these signaling pathways. Even more, there has been strikingly evidence that, in some of these pathways, signal transduction occurs exclusively through protein-protein interaction, entirely dismissing any mediation by the signal molecule. In order to validate and evaluate the global relevance of this type of mechanism, this study proposed the investigation of the entire network of interactions between proteins typically associated with c-di-GMP signaling pathways of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by employing bacterial two-hybrid system assays. To make that possible, two DNA libraries were constructed and interaction essays were performed in a strategic way so that all possibilities of interaction between target proteins were explored. The results obtained from these experiments allowed the construction of a broad map of interactions that, although still primitive, indicates that, chances are, the mechanisms previously described are both recurrent and relevant to signaling regulation in this organism. Some of the interaction partners found are particularly interesting and will be further investigated in future studies.

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