Faced with a unique oppression due to their racial and gender identity, a great disservice has been done to Black female athletes (BFAs) within the sporting literature as they have historically been silenced and rendered invisible, either in failure to include them in research, or in fragmenting their identities along racial or gender lines, thus presenting incomplete and inaccurate representations of their experiences. Employing a theoretical framework grounded in Black feminist standpoint theory, this study explored BFAs’ conceptualizations of femininity and microaggressions, as well as how their racial, gender, class, and athletic identities affect them within and outside of sporting environments. This study sought BFAs at 83 Division I institutions, asking them to complete a survey including the Bem Sex Role Inventory-Short (BSRI-S), the Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS), and the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale (BRIAS). Six BFAs opted-in to a qualitative interview. These BFAs presented multiple interpretations of femininity, discussed experiences with microaggressions, and spoke to how they navigated various contexts given their racial, gender, and athletic identities. While identifying hardships of being BFAs on college campuses and Black women in the United States, interview participants also discussed how their ability to withstand the unique mistreatment of BFAs and Black women left them feeling empowered and resilient. Implications for practitioners and researchers are also included. / Kinesiology

Despite the increasing research that lists cultural incongruence in the classroom among the top factors that speaks to the disproportionate numbers of Black females obtaining STEM degrees there is limited research on the actual number of Black female science teachers at the secondary level in education and the impact this plays on Black females in science, technology, engineering, and math classrooms (STEM). The consequence of all this is that we find ourselves with Black female science teachers “missing in action,” and only 5% of Black females receiving a STEM degree. I employ critical pedagogy, critical race theory, and Black feminist thought to answer: (a) What do the stories of Black female secondary science teachers tell us about issues related to their recruitment and retention within the science teaching force? (b) How do Black female secondary science teachers explain the shortage of Black females entering the STEM field? What do they believe should be done to increase the number of Black females in the field? (c) What contributions do Black female secondary science teachers make or potentially would like to make to increase the number of Black females entering and remaining within the science teaching force? This study explores how Black women are absent in the conversation about recruitment and retention of secondary science teachers. To answer the research questions in a humanizing way, this study was conducted collectively with my participants using the qualitative methodologies of critical narratives and decolonizing methodology. Therefore, this study represents an effort to address this phenomenon by listening to the voices of Black female secondary science teachers and engaging their stories, which often have remained absent from recruitment and retention discussions, to contribute to the scholarship on the recruitment and retention of Black science teachers.

Despite ample research in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management regarding employee decisions to voluntarily opt out of corporate leadership positions, there is little research exploring the personal experiences of black women in U.S. companies contemplating leaving executive positions. This research leverages a qualitative interpretative phenomenological study to explore why Black women corporate leaders in the United States are leaving corporate America before reaching the C-Suite. Two studies were conducted to understand the lived experiences of Black women executives in U.S. Fortune 500 companies; moreover, study two further explored and detangled some of the themes from Study One to understand the experiences of the black women leaders in the pipeline for senior management more deeply. The findings identify several environmental factors, explored in depth in this dissertation, that impact executives’ decision to leave corporate America. The findings provide a foundation to understand further the impact of the corporate environment resulting in the loss of top diverse talent in this understudied demographic. These findings also provide critical information for the Black woman executive currently working in corporate America as well as those who have opted to leave early and would like to better digest their experiences. / Business Administration/Human Resource Management

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo promover um maior debate e reflexão sobre a representação do feminino negro na fotografia no século XX e começo do século XXI, especificamente no Brasil, com o projeto fotográfico de Ricardo Teles (1966), na Colômbia com Hernán Díaz (1931-2009) e em Moçambique com Ricardo Rangel (1924-2009) tendo como base seus livros autorais, respectivamente: Terras de Preto: Mocambos, Quilombos: Histórias de Nove Comunidades Negras Rurais do Brasil, de 2004; Cartagena de Siempre, de 2002 e O Pão Nosso de Cada Noite. Our nightly bread, de 2004. Para tanto, comparamos a fotografia como linguagem técnica e artística com a iconografia previamente produzida nos referidos países. A análise da fotografia como um exercício objetivo mostra que a semiótica e a multidisciplinaridade podem ser instrumentos auxiliares na procura por responder a informações contidas na imagem. O fotógrafo encaminha a interpretação de uma narrativa visual, pois é responsável pela produção e a recepção da imagem, no entanto a imagem contém em si um conjunto complexo de interpretações e de construções de alteridades. Por isso, deve-se levar em consideração seu caráter tão subjetivo quanto artístico quando adotando uma metodologia de análise. / The present work aims to promote further debate and reflection on the representation of the black female in photography in the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty - first century, specifically in Brazil, with the photographic project of Ricardo Teles (1966), in Colombia with Hernán Díaz (1931-2009) and in Mozambique with Ricardo Rangel (1924-2009) based on their authorial books, respectively: Terras de Preto: Mocambos, Quilombos: Histórias de Nove Comunidades Negras Rurais do Brasil, 2004; Cartagena de Siempre, 2002 e O Pão Nosso de Cada Noite. Our nightly bread,2004. In order to do so, we compare photography as technical and artistic language with the iconography previously produced in those countries. The analysis of photography as an objective exercise shows that semiotics and multidisciplinarity can be auxiliary tools in the search for information contained in the image. The photographer directs the interpretation of a visual narrative, since it is responsible for the production and reception of the image, however the image contains a complex set of interpretations and constructions of alterities within itself. Therefore, its subjective as well as artistic character must be taken into account when adopting a methodology of analysis.

Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2004 / The majority of studies that have examined the prevalence of eating disorders have sampled women from western societies. Theoretical models have emphasised Western socio-cultural factors as central in the development of eating disorders. Consequently, eating disorders have been conceptualised as disorders from Western industrialised countries where white women experience social pressures toward thinness. Within these societies, white women are believed to be at risk of developing eating disorders, while black women are not exposed to the same social pressure regarding weight. In the literature, it has been argued that African women are 'protected" from developing eating disorders because traditionally a fuller figure has been more acceptable. However, findings from recent studies are beginning to reveal a considerable degree of body perception dissatisfaction among black women, indicating that this debate is far from settled. In the African-American culture, in terms of body perceptions, people are not expected to be all built to look alike. A full, yet healthy body has represented strength, power and prosperity in the African culture throughout history. However, the thin ideal for women seems to be spreading across all ethnic groups. Incorrect body perceptions, dissatisfaction with one's body's appearance and a drive to be thin can lead to erratic eating patterns such as self-starvation and purging, which in turn can result in eating disorders such as Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. In view of the above, this study investigated body perceptions among black female high school learners in the Cape Metropole. The participants were 702 girls between 13 and 19 years old in ex DET high schools in grades 8 to 11. The study attempted to determine participants' body weight dissatisfaction; whether they perceived themselves as overweight, underweight or of normal weight; and whether they expressed influence by the media, as well as family and peers, on their body perceptions. The sample was divided into two age groups, namely a younger group of 13 - 15 years and an older group of 16 - 19 years. The chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the data. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the younger age group (13-15 years) and the older age group (16-19 years) regarding body weight dissatisfaction and body weight perceptions. Furthermore, the expressed influence by the media and family/peers also show statistically significant results.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo promover um maior debate e reflexão sobre a representação do feminino negro na fotografia no século XX e começo do século XXI, especificamente no Brasil, com o projeto fotográfico de Ricardo Teles (1966), na Colômbia com Hernán Díaz (1931-2009) e em Moçambique com Ricardo Rangel (1924-2009) tendo como base seus livros autorais, respectivamente: Terras de Preto: Mocambos, Quilombos: Histórias de Nove Comunidades Negras Rurais do Brasil, de 2004; Cartagena de Siempre, de 2002 e O Pão Nosso de Cada Noite. Our nightly bread, de 2004. Para tanto, comparamos a fotografia como linguagem técnica e artística com a iconografia previamente produzida nos referidos países. A análise da fotografia como um exercício objetivo mostra que a semiótica e a multidisciplinaridade podem ser instrumentos auxiliares na procura por responder a informações contidas na imagem. O fotógrafo encaminha a interpretação de uma narrativa visual, pois é responsável pela produção e a recepção da imagem, no entanto a imagem contém em si um conjunto complexo de interpretações e de construções de alteridades. Por isso, deve-se levar em consideração seu caráter tão subjetivo quanto artístico quando adotando uma metodologia de análise. / The present work aims to promote further debate and reflection on the representation of the black female in photography in the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty - first century, specifically in Brazil, with the photographic project of Ricardo Teles (1966), in Colombia with Hernán Díaz (1931-2009) and in Mozambique with Ricardo Rangel (1924-2009) based on their authorial books, respectively: Terras de Preto: Mocambos, Quilombos: Histórias de Nove Comunidades Negras Rurais do Brasil, 2004; Cartagena de Siempre, 2002 e O Pão Nosso de Cada Noite. Our nightly bread,2004. In order to do so, we compare photography as technical and artistic language with the iconography previously produced in those countries. The analysis of photography as an objective exercise shows that semiotics and multidisciplinarity can be auxiliary tools in the search for information contained in the image. The photographer directs the interpretation of a visual narrative, since it is responsible for the production and reception of the image, however the image contains a complex set of interpretations and constructions of alterities within itself. Therefore, its subjective as well as artistic character must be taken into account when adopting a methodology of analysis.

This study examines intersectionality, white privilege and essentialism in Toni Morrison’s stories The Bluest Eye and “Recitatif”. Moreover, intersectional markers are taken into consideration to analyze how the characters are advantaged or disadvantaged in the white dominant society of the two novels. Additionally, white privilege is compared to the lack of privilege that the black characters experience and how that further affects them is discussed. Furthermore, the issues that critical race theorists acknowledge with the essentialized approach in movements for social justice will be connected to Morrison’s stories. More specifically, the tendency to overlook intersectionality when essentializing women’s experiences will be connected to how the realities of Morrison’s multidimensional female characters cannot be generalized. In addition, the negative effects white standards of beauty have on the black female characters in The Bluest Eye are examined. It is concluded that black female subjectivity makes the reader better understand the intersectional experiences of the characters and this subjectivity also makes white privilege visible in the stories. Additionally, in “Recitatif”, where the reader does not know the specific race of the characters, conclusions can be made about how race and class intersect by considering historical aspects and how signs of white privilege show up in the story. Although, more important than deciding the race of Morrison’s characters, is for the reader to acknowledge the challenge she creates of considering intersectionality in the story.

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No description available.