Este trabalho investiga a cobertura realizada por jornais de referência brasileiros sobre as megaexposições de artes visuais no país de 2010 a 2016. Parte da perspectiva construcionista, pressupondo que os acontecimentos são a matéria-prima básica da atividade jornalística e que o jornalismo cultural é um lugar especializado de construção de sentidos sobre arte, além de mediador entre esta e os públicos. Lançando mão dos estudos do acontecimento, verificamos quais indícios o jornalismo acionou para cobrir as megaexposições de artes visuais no período de estudo. Foi escolhida a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo, que, em uma etapa quantitativa, examinou 152 textos sobre seis exposições, e, na fase qualitativa, aprofundou o olhar sobre 20 dessas reportagens. Encontramos uma cobertura que se revela proeminente e mobilizadora de públicos para visitar as exposições. Verificamos que o jornalismo media o ciclo de existência do acontecimento, elaborando sobre ele um mapa de consensos e construindo-o de forma paulatina, em um reiterado roteiro desde a apresentação até o balanço posterior. Concluímos também que as coberturas promovem uma espetacularização das exposições, a partir de uma pré-mediação, oriunda das marcas envolvidas com sua produção, e praticamente apenas reproduzida pelos veículos jornalísticos. As matérias valorizam aspectos como biografias, mobilização de multidões e números e lançam mão de um discurso marcadamente superlativo, buscando recuperar a aura da arte das megaexposições, com forte acionamento de fontes ligadas à produção do evento e pouco espaço de fala aos visitantes. / This master thesis digs into the news coverage promoted by important Brazilian newspapers about blockbuster visual arts exhibitions that happened in Brazil between 2010 and 2016. It takes off from a constructionist approach, assuming that the events are the basic raw material of journalistic activity and that cultural journalism is a specialized environment for building senses about art, as well as a mediator between the craft and its publics. With that in mind, putting the event studies into use, we analyzed which evidences journalism triggers to cover the blockbuster art exhibitions in the referred period. For this research, it was chosen the Content Analysis methodology, that, in a quantitative phase, examined 152 texts about six exhibitions and, in the qualitative stage, took a deeper look on 20 of these stories. We found a prominent coverage and able to call on the public to visit the exhibitions. We verified that journalism mediates the cycle of existence of these happenings, gradually drawing over them a map of perceptions, in a repeated script since their initial presentation up to the final reviews. We also concluded that the news coverage promote a spectacularization of the exhibitions, from a pre-mediation role, originated in the brands involved with their production, and basically just reproduced by the journalistic media. The stories highlight aspects such as biographies, ability of driving crowds and event numbers through a clearly superlative speech, reaching to recover the art aura of the blockbuster exhibitions, with strong use of sources connected to the events’ execution and very little space dedicated to reflect the visitors views.

Bong Joon-ho‟s monster movie blockbuster, The Host (Gweomul, 2006), is the most commercially successful film in South Korean cinema history. The film‟s popularity and significance derive from its unearthing of the ambivalence concerning South Korea‟s rapid transformation from a rural dictatorship to an urban democracy with one of the strongest economies on the planet. This ambivalence is buried beneath a veneer of "progress" blanketing contemporary South Korea and constitutes a condition I call inverted exile. The Host explicitly engages life in inverted exile through my notion of aesthetic dialogue. Aesthetic dialogue, takes influence from the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and allows for proliferation of meaning beyond authorial intent by focusing on The Host‟s context. My approach focuses on genre, narrative, and style to flesh out the political, historical, and social ambivalences behind any given moment of The Host to put them in dialogue with one another. The project progresses through sites of cultural dialogue central to the film and/or life in inverted exile: the monster, the city, the home. I approach each site through the genres associated with them and gender roles each of them assume in inverted exile. South Korea‟s transformation and its relationship with the United States are causes of anxiety (e.g. loss of traditional values, overwhelming Western influence) and desire (political freedom, economic opportunity). Ultimately, I argue, The Host suggests that South Korea and its citizens need to embrace the ambivalences of inverted exile and actively shape an identity that takes an active and critical attitude towards Western influence. Such an attitude can better preserve the desirable aspects of traditional culture (e.g. traditional food, familial unity) and alleviate the anxieties caused by Western influence (e.g. rampant consumerism, unjust class divisions). The Host‟s dialogic form is integral to its shaping of Korean identity as it takes from multiple cultural sources (i.e. Hollywood and Korean history) without challenging their polarization.

Ce travail explore la figure de la répétition de l’Histoire entre la Corée (du Sud) et le Japon dans plusieurs blockbusters sud-coréens depuis 1998. Les années 1990 qui devaient voir la désintégration de l’État-nation sont celles qui marquent le retour des « nationalismes ethniques ». Ce retour des nationalismes qui suit la fin de l’affrontement des deux blocs se manifeste par une résurgence des questions mémorielles entre la Corée du Sud et le Japon. Dans notre première partie, nous analysons comment les problèmes liés à la colonisation qui ressurgissent dès le début des années 1990 transforment le Japon en nouvel « ennemi national » de la Corée du Sud, au moment où les relations entre les deux pays se développent et que la consommation des produits culturels de l’autre est sans précédent. La réaffirmation de l’État dans certains secteurs qui accompagne le nationalisme sud-coréen des années 1990 se concrétise par la mise en place de politiques en faveur du développement de l’industrie cinématographique nationale. L’alliance de l’État et de plusieurs chaebol (conglomérats sud-coréens) permet à l’industrie cinématographique sud-coréenne de redevenir populaire grâce à la production de blockbusters sud-coréens. Après avoir mis en évidence la proximité existante entre les superproductions hollywoodiennes, chinoises, argentines et les superproductions sud-coréennes, nous établissons l’existence de ce que nous nommons une « Aura nationale » au centre de la consommation de ces films et qui permet de les considérer comme des films nationaux, car malgré son caractère fictif, la nation a une réalité effective sur les populations des États-nations. Ayant mis en évidence que les blockbusters sud-coréens qui mettent en scène l’histoire nationale sont devenus le miroir du spectacle national et nous consacrons notre dernière partie à la représentation de la répétition de l’Histoire dans les trois films au centre de notre problématique. L’analyse de ces trois superproductions nous permet de comprendre que la lutte pour défendre l’histoire nationale dans la résurgence des questions mémorielles s’inscrit, à l’image de Louis Bonaparte décrit par Karl Marx, dans les luttes passées pour la défense de la souveraineté nationale. / This work explores the pattern of the repetition of the history between (South) Korea and Japan in several South Korean blockbusters since 1998. The 1990s, which was prophetised to mean the disintegration of the nation-state, marked the return of "ethnic nationalisms". The comeback of nationalisms that follows the end of the confrontation of the two blocs is manifested in the case of South Korea and Japan by a resurgence of memorial issues between the two countries. In the first part, we analyze how the issues from the colonial period that reappeared in the early 1990s transformed Japan into the new "national enemy" of South Korea at a time when relations between the two countries are developing and the consumption of cultural goods producted by the other side is unprecedented. The reaffirmation of the state in certain sectors that accompanies the South Korean nationalism of the 1990s is realized, among other things, by the establishment of policies in favor for the development of the national film industry. The alliance of the state and several chaebol (South Korean family conglomerates) allows the South Korean film industry to regain popularity through the production of South Korean blockbusters. After brought to light the proximity between Hollywood, Chinese, Argentinean blockbusters and South Korean blockbusters, we establish the existence of what we call a "national aura" at the center of the consumption of these films and which makes it possible to consider them as national films, for in spite of its fictitious character, the nation has real effects on the populations of the nation-states. The South Korean blockbusters staging the national history have become the mirror of the national spectacle and we devote our last part to the representation of the repetition of history in the three films at the center of our problematic. The analysis of the films allows us to understand that the struggle to defend national history in the resurgence of memorial issues is staged, like Louis Bonaparte described by Karl Marx, in the past struggles for the defense of sovereignty National level.

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