En undersökning om Simulation inom utbildningsområdet, med hjälp av medieteknik. I artikeln diskuteras bland annat hur erfarenhet-baserad undervisning, som en digitalsimulation med fysiska kontroller, kan vara ett utmärkt tillägg för hur man undervisar. Dessutom kan det vara ett sätt att ge en individ mer självförtroende och får hen att mer tänkaundermedvetet hur arbetet kan göras bättre. För att utreda detta har arbetet fokuserat på en typav simulation, nämligen inom truckkörning. Undersökningen har också samarbetat med Volvo Car Body Components för att se vad de upplever som risker inom truckkörning, och vad som då borde fokuseras på en sådan simulation.Simulation har sedan presenterats för deltagare med och utan kompetens i truckkörning, föratt sedan utreda om de känner att de skulle kunnat använda upplevelsen undermedvetet somerfarenhet för framtida strävanden. Det är diskuterbart om resultatet på undersökningen är användbar eller inte, då mängden avdeltagare kunde har varit större. Dock kan det argumenteras för att arbetet gjort ger chansenför flera undersökningar inom simulation-baserad undervisning att kunna visa att bara för ettsätt av utbildning funkar, betyder inte det att det finns det sätt att göra något bättre.

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Examensarbetet inleddes med en förstudie där olika förbättringsområden inom organisationen identifierades. Kommunikation i praktiken kan liknas vid ett förstärkningsverktyg vilket påverkar de vanligaste faktorerna för ett lyckat förändringsarbete. Idag måste en ledare och chef vara kommunikativ och det fungerar inte längre med att peka med hela handen. Medarbetarna måste förstå sin chef och ledare och det måste finnas ett samspel mellan dem. För att chefer och ledare ska styra förändringsprocessen behövs kommunikation. Syfte med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur kommunikationsprocessen kan användas som styrmedel mot en social förändring. Målet med examensarbetet är att beskriva kommunikation för förändring på Volvo i Olofström och att identifiera förbättringsområden inom organisationen. Examensarbetets avsikt är att undersöka olika synvinklar ur kommunikation, ledarskap och förbättringar kring en förändringsprocess. De slutsatser som examensarbetet visar är att kommunikationsprocessen kan användas som styrmedel via information, kommunikation, möten och genom dialog. Kommunikation måste ske via chef och ledare och visuellt ledarskap. Kommunikation innebär att i dialog tala med varandra. Förbättringsarbetet som påbörjats bör fortsätta som del i organisationens förändringsarbete. Utifrån målbeskrivningen - Hur ledare kommunicerar för att uppnå förändringsmål visar resultat att chef/ledare ansvarar för kommunikations-processen när det gäller planering och genomförande av förändring i en arbetsgrupp. Organisationen kan då se chef/ledare som en förändringsledare. Förändringens resultat påverkas av hur kommunikationen genomförs. Förändring och utveckling sker via kommunikation och dialog i en samverkan. Utifrån målbeskrivningen – Hur kommunikation kan leda medarbetare mot förändring bör chef/ledare börja med att diskutera och kommunicera vad det innebär att gå från ett läge till ett annat läge i en LEAN förändring. Vidare visar resultat att chef/ledare behöver studera innebörden av resultat via analys och diskussion men framför allt vad det innebär att ge support och feedback. Strategisk kommunikation kan vara den del som saknas då kommunikation inte förstås. Utifrån målbeskrivningen – Hur Kommunikationen påverkas av LEAN ledarskap på Volvo Personvagnar AB Karosskomponenter (VCBC) noteras i resultatdelen att förändring och ledarskap inte kopplas ihop. Då kan chef/ledare inte utveckla kommunikationsprocessen mot en social förändring. / This thesis work began with a pre-study which intended to identify areas of improvement within the organization. Communication in practice is like a strengthening tool, which affects the most common factors for successful change management. Today, a manager must be communicative; just to point out the direction is not longer working. Employees must understand their manager and leader, and there must be an interaction between them. For managers to guide the change process communications is needed. The purpose of the thesis work is to investigate how the communication process can be used as instruments of social change. The goal of the project is to describe the communication of change at Volvo in Olofström and to identify areas for improvement within the organization. The intention is to examine different perspectives from communication, leadership and improvement on a process of change. The conclusions of the thesis work are that the communication process can be used as instruments through information, communication, meetings, and through dialogue. Communication goes through the manager and leader, and visual management. Communication means dialogue and to talk to each other.  The Improvement work which has started should be continued as part of the organization's change process. The central part of - How leaders communicate in order to achieve the goals of implementation. The responsibility of the communication process lies with the manager / leader for planning and implementing of the change in a workgroup. The organization can see the manager / leader as a leader of change. The results of implementation are affected by how communication is carried out. Change and development is done through communication and dialogue in an interaction. The central part of - How communication can lead people through implementation and development. It is up to the manager / leader to begin to discuss and communicate the meaning of transformation in a LEAN implementation. Furthermore the manager / leader need to study the implications of the results through analysis and discussion, but above all what it means to give support and feedback. Strategic communication can be the part that is missing when communication is not to be interpreted. The central part of - How communication is affected by LEAN leadership at Volvo Cars Body Components (VCBC). Found in the results is that change and leadership can’t connect to each other. In this case manager / leader do not develop the communication process of social change.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of post-weaning feedlot Texel lambs. Were used a total of 30 non castrated male lambs, born of simple birth. The lambs were weaned at approximately 50 days of age, individually confined and distributed to five treatments with six replications, which each treatment had a predetermined slaughter weight (T23 - initial slaughter, T25, T30, T35 and T40). The diet consisted of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) and concentrate mixing ground corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and minerals. In the period preceding slaughter the lambs were weighed and performed the measurements in vivo. After bleeding, each non-carcass component was weighed individually. Subsequently, the carcasses were placed in cold storage at 2°C for 24 h and after this period, was performed an evaluation of these and each cut at right half carcass was weighed and individually frozen to perform dissection of tissues. The average daily weight gain was not affected by the increase in live weight at slaughter, yielding an average of 0.252 kg/day. There was a linear increase to conformation, to body condition score, to biometric measurements performed in vivo and also to all measurements of the animals carcass. The hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight increased linearly as a consequence of the increased slaughter weight of lambs. However, the hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield and cooling loss index were not influenced by slaughter weight, with mean values of 46.12%, 44.83% and 2.79%, respectively. Higher slaughter weight of lambs led to increase linearly the weights of neck, shoulder, ribs and leg, regarding the regional composition of the carcass. When expressed in percentage terms, only the percentage of leg was influenced by slaughter weight, with a linear decrease. The results for the relative growth or allometric indicate that the shoulder and leg show early development, while the neck and ribs have delayed development. The weights of tissues bone, muscle and adipose increased linearly in the half-carcass and its regions. However, the percentage of bone in the neck remained constant and decreased linearly in other cuts, the muscle decreased only in ribs and remained constant in other cuts and fat increased linearly in all of them, indicating that the heavier is the animal, greater is the proportion of fat in the carcass. The allometric coefficients indicate that bone tissue and muscle are early growth, while the fat is delayed in both commercial cuts and the carcass as a whole. The relation muscle/fat decreased in all cuts and muscle/bone relation increased linearly in all of them except the neck which remained constant. The results for non-carcass components indicate that most of animals got an increment of weight as the increase of live weight. Observing their percentages, most were not influenced by live weight, only the constituents lungs + trachea, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine, head and feet decreased proportionately according to the increase of lambs slaughter weight. The body parts liver, diaphragm, rumen, reticulum, omasum, skin, tongue, testicles, kidney fat and internal fat have delayed development. Conversely, lungs+trachea, esophagus, heart, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine, blood, head, feet, and penis are body components that present early development. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento pós-desmame de cordeiros da raça Texel terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros machos, não castrados e nascidos de parto simples. Os cordeiros foram desmamados com aproximadamente 50 dias de idade, confinados individualmente e distribuídos em cinco tratamentos com seis repetições, sendo cada tratamento um peso pré-estabelecido de abate (T23 abate inicial, T25, T30, T35 e T40). A dieta era composta por silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) e mistura concentrada constituída por grão de milho triturado (Zea mays L.), farelo de soja (Glycine max L.) e mistura mineral. No período que antecedia o abate, pesavam-se os cordeiros e realizavam-se as medidas biométricas in vivo. Após a sangria, cada componente não carcaça foi pesado individualmente. Posteriormente, as carcaças eram acondicionadas em câmara fria a 2°C por 24h e passado este período, realizava-se a avaliação das mesmas, sendo que cada corte comercial da meia-carcaça direita foi pesado individualmente e congelado para realização da dissecação dos tecidos. O ganho de peso médio diário não foi influenciado pelo aumento no peso vivo ao abate, obtendo-se um valor médio de 0,252 kg/dia. Verificou-se aumento linear crescente para a conformação, o escore de condição corporal, as medidas biométricas realizadas in vivo e também para todas as medidas realizadas na carcaça dos animais. O peso de carcaça quente e o peso de carcaça fria aumentaram linearmente como uma consequência do aumento no peso de abate dos cordeiros. Por outro lado, o rendimento de carcaça quente, o rendimento de carcaça fria e o índice de quebra ao resfriamento não foram influenciados pelo peso de abate, apresentando valores médios de 46,12%, 44,83% e 2,79%, respectivamente. No que diz respeito à composição regional da carcaça, os pesos de pescoço, paleta, costilhar e perna aumentaram linearmente com aumento do peso de abate dos cordeiros. Quando expressa em termos percentuais, apenas a porcentagem de perna foi influenciada pelo peso de abate, apresentando comportamento linear decrescente. Os resultados referentes ao crescimento relativo ou alométrico indicam que a paleta e a perna apresentam desenvolvimento precoce, enquanto que o pescoço e o costilhar apresentam desenvolvimento tardio. Os pesos dos tecidos osso, músculo e gordura aumentaram linearmente na meia carcaça e nas suas regiões. Por outro lado, a porcentagem de osso se manteve constante no pescoço e diminuiu linearmente nos demais cortes, a de músculo diminuiu apenas no costilhar e se manteve constante nos demais cortes e a de gordura aumentou linearmente em todos eles, indicando que quanto mais pesado é o animal, maior é a proporção de tecido adiposo na carcaça. Os coeficientes alométricos indicam que o tecido ósseo e o muscular são de crescimento precoce, enquanto que o adiposo é tardio, tanto nos cortes comerciais como na carcaça como um todo. A relação músculo/gordura diminuiu em todos os cortes e a relação músculo/osso aumentou de forma linear em todos eles, exceto no pescoço que se manteve constante. Os resultados referentes aos componentes não carcaça indicam que a maioria deles obteve um incremento no peso conforme o aumento no peso vivo dos animais. Já observando suas porcentagens, a maior parte não foi influenciada pelo peso vivo, apenas os constituintes pulmão+traquéia, abomaso, intestino delgado, intestino grosso, cabeça e patas é que diminuíram proporcionalmente de acordo com o incremento no peso de abate dos cordeiros. Os componentes corporais fígado, diafragma, rúmen, retículo, omaso, pele, língua, testículos, gordura interna e gordura renal, apresentam desenvolvimento tardio. De forma inversa, pulmão+traqueia, esôfago, coração, pâncreas, rins, baço, abomaso, intestino delgado, intestino grosso, sangue, cabeça, patas, e pênis, são componentes corporais que apresentam desenvolvimento precoce.