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<p>This study explored the perceptions of black South African women residing in Khayelitsha, Site B, about thinness, HIV./AIDS and body image. Obesity is a major public health problem in developed as well as developing countries. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been escalating in Sub-Saharan Africa and has been said to be the leading cause of death in South Africa.</p>

Magistro darbo objektas – lieknumo idealai žiniasklaidoje. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti skirtingų šalių visuomenėse ir žiniasklaidoje egzistuojančius lieknumo idealus. Darbo uždaviniai: aptarti teorijas, aiškinančias žiniasklaidos įtaką mitybai; išanalizuoti tarpinius žiniasklaidos poveikio kintamuosius bei žiniasklaidoje poveikį švelninančius veiksnius; apžvelgti istorinę lieknumo idealų raidą; išanalizuoti lieknumo idealus, egzistuojančius skirtingose visuomenėse šiandieniniame pasaulyje; išanalizuoti lieknumo idealus, propaguojamus žiniasklaidoje; atlikti lieknumo idealų, propaguojamų lietuviškuose serialuose, tyrimą; atlikti palyginamąją lieknumo idealų propaguojamų Lietuvos televizijų ir užsienio šalių serialuose analizę. Išnagrinėjus mokslinę literatūrą, išskirtos teorijos (socialinio lyginimo, kultivacijos ir t.t.) aiškinančios žiniasklaidos poveikį mitybai bei nustatyta, kad nė viena iš jų nėra pajėgi savarankiškai paaiškinti žiniasklaidos poveikio mitybai ir lieknumo idealui mechanizmo. Taip pat nustatyti tarpiniai žiniasklaidos poveikio kintamieji, galintys skatinti arba švelninti žiniasklaidos poveikį, bei žiniasklaidos poveikį švelninantys veiksniai. Išnagrinėjus istorinę lieknumo idealų raidą nustatyta, kad skirtingu laikotarpiu egzistavo skirtingi grožio bei lieknumo standartai, kuriems būdinga cikliška kaita. Taip pat nustatyta, kad net ir šiandieniniame pasaulyje skirtingose kultūrose egzistuoja skirtingi moterų bei vyrų lieknumo idealai. Išskirti svarbiausi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: body image ideals in the media. Objective: to analyze body image ideals prevailing in different countries. Tasks: review theories, contributing to explanation of media‘s influence on one‘s eating behavior; analyze the moderators and mitigating factors of media‘s influence; review the historical development of body image ideals; analyze modern body image ideals prevailing in different societies; analyze body image ideals in the media; research body image ideals, prevailing in the Lithuanian TV series; compare body image ideals, prevailing in Lithuanian and foreign country’s TV series. Methods: analysis and generalization of related literature; quantitative content analysis of body image ideals portrayed in Lithuanian TV series; comparative analysis of body image ideals portrayed in Lithuanian and USA TV series. Having analyzed the wide scope of science literature, theories contributing to explanation of media’s influence on eating behavior were abstracted, and the conclusion that neither of them is capable of giving the complete explanation of the media’s influence on one’s eating behavior process was drawn. It is only explicit that media does influence our self-esteem and eating behavior as a result. Also, moderators capable of either mitigating or intensifying medias influence were pointed out, as well as mitigating factors, that can be used for reducing negative media influence on eating behavior. Review of the body image ideals throughout the history revealed... [to full text]

研究背景：身體意象困擾為現代女性自我發展之重要議題之一，且為飲食疾患之危險因子，身體意象預防方案因而受到重視，過去方案多注重負向之影響因素。近年來，「正向身體意象」概念發展並重視個體對自己身體的正向感受以及身心調和，但仍欠缺實踐之方法。本研究旨在以動勢場概念發展身體意象預防性介入方案，探討此預防方案提升女大學生對自我身體欣賞、覺察程度，及降低負向身體意象之效果。因研究工具受到中文化限制，本研究之研究一將針對身體意象問卷進行中文化以及信效度檢驗，研究二探討介入方案之療效。 研究方法：研究一採用問卷法，中文化問卷後針對201名女性大學生進行資料搜集，在問卷之信效度檢驗上，採用內部一致性信度、建構效度以及效標關聯效度進行檢驗。研究二招募三組受試者，依次是實驗組（N = 14）、體育課組（N = 15）以及控制組（N = 20），共有49名某國立大學女性大學生參與本研究。實驗組受試者接受每週1次，每次1.5小時，共計8次之團體介入。三組皆採用自陳氏問卷，於介入前、介入後以及三個月追蹤之三個時間點進行資料搜集。 研究發現：本研究中文化問卷大致具有足夠之信效度，可作為測量工具。介入結果顯示相較於體育課組以及控制組，實驗組在身體覺察上於後測以及三個月追蹤皆較前測有顯著之效果。 結論：本研究嘗試以舞蹈治療作為基礎，發展身體意象預防方案，結果可有效提升個體的身體覺察程度，但方案內容仍有待改進之空間。最後，提出本研究限制以及未來研究方向。 / Background: Body image concern is one of the important issues of modern women's self-development, and also the risk factors for eating disorders. Thus body image prevention program has been taken seriously, which, in the past the programs were more emphasized on negative factors. In recent years, the concept of "positive body image" has been developing and emphasizing on one's own positive feelings about individual's body and body-mind attunement, but still lacking of practical and well organized method to put into practice. This study aims to develop a body image prevention program based on the concept of Dongshi, to explore the effectiveness of the improvement of body appreciation and body responsiveness, also the effectiveness to decrease the impact of negative body image. Due to the limitations of the Chinese version research tools, Study 1 of this study will focus on examing the reliability and validity of the Chinese version’s body image questionnaires. Study 2 will explore the effectiveness of the prevention program. Methods: In Study 1, the questionnaires were used to study the data of 201 female college students. On the reliability and the validity of the questionnaires, the internal consistency reliability and construct validity were tested. In Study 2, three groups were recruited as the intervention group (N = 14), the physical education class group (N = 15) and the control group (N = 20), a total of 49 female college students from a national university participated in the study as samples. The intervention group received a weekly intervention, 1.5 hour each time, a total of 8 sessions in group involved. All three groups were collected from the self-reported questionnaire, and data collection from three periods: before the intervention, after the intervention and 3 months follow-up. Result: It is found that the Chinese edition questionnaires in this study are sufficiently reliable and can be used as a measurement tool. The results of the intervention showed that in comparing with the physical education group and the control group, the intervention group had significant effect on the post-test and the three-month follow-up in the body awareness. Conclusion: This study attempts to develop a body image prevention program based on dance therapy. The results can effectively improve the individual's body awareness, but the content of the program still has room for improvement. Finally, the limitations of this study and future directions for research are proposed.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This dissertation explores the making of and research for the film, Fattitude, a social justice based documentary that looks to awaken viewers to the reality of weight bias in media representation. This dissertation reviews the filmmaking process and then engages with the nature of stereotypes about fat bodies. Deeply tied to feminist and fat studies theory, the work here seeks to categorize and shape the understanding of weight bias in the media by linking fat tropes to clearly understood images of oppression, for example the monstrous, the fool, they hypersexual and the asexual. The work also seeks to present theory on the nature of creating media representations of fatness that are not oppressive – making note of current media created by grassroots movements for body acceptance and fat positivity. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

by Joan, Fung-yee Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-99). / Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE - --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Slimness As An Updated Trend --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Physical Appearance as the Main Concern for Adolescents --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Stigma of Being Overweight --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Possible Psychological Correlates of Overweight --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Females are More Preoccupied with Appearance? --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Differences in Psychological Profiles of Boys and Girls with Diffprent Weight --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7 --- Subjective Satisfaction of Weight and Body Shape --- p.15 / Chapter 1.8 --- Related Local Findings --- p.17 / Chapter 1.9 --- Objectives of the Present Study --- p.20 / Chapter 1.10 --- The Use of EDI-2 --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- METHODOLOGY --- p.24 / Chapter 2 1 --- Subjects --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Measures / Scales --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Procedure --- p.32 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- RESULTS --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Demographic Characteristics of Sample --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Prevalence of Overweight Among the Sample --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Satisfaction of Overall Body Shape --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- Dissatisfaction Towards Different Body Parts --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- Sex Differences --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- Differences in Psychological Profile Among Different Weight Groups --- p.47 / Chapter 3.7 --- Psychological Profiles of Different Weight Groups with Different Levels of Body Shape Satisfaction --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- The Prevalence of Obesity among Chinese Adolescentsin Hong Kong --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Differences in Psychosocial Variables --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- "“Normative Dissatisfaction"" Towards Own Body Shape" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- Differences in Psychological Profile between Boys and Girls --- p.73 / Chapter 4.5 --- Effect of Weight among Boys and Girls --- p.76 / Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of Subjective Satisfaction with Own Body Shape --- p.82 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.8 --- Limitations of the Present Study --- p.89 / Chapter 4.9 --- Recommendations for Future Studies --- p.91 / REFERENCES --- p.93 / APPENDIX --- p.100

Liang, Yue. / "November 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter One: --- "The Appearance of the ""Robust Beauty Girl"" in the late 1920s" --- p.9 / "The Infatuation with the ""Western Beauty""" --- p.10 / "The Western ""Robust Beauty Girl:"" Hollywood Film Stars" --- p.13 / "The Chinese ""Robust Beauty Girl:"" Female Students" --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- "The Reconstruction of the western ""Robust Beauty"" in the 1930s-40s" --- p.27 / "The Suspicion on the Western ""Robust Beauty""" --- p.29 / "The Reconstruction of the western ""Robust Beauty"": critique on the ""Modern Girl""" --- p.37 / "The Kuomintang's Response to the western ""Robust Beauty""" --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- The Construction of the Chinese Womanhood in the War Period --- p.70 / The Communist Womanhood in the Jiangxi Period --- p.72 / The Women's Steering Committee and the Wartime Womanhood --- p.80 / The New Outlook of the Communist Womanhood in the Yan'an Period --- p.91 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- "The National Communist Womanhood: the ""Iron Maiden"" in the 1960s-70s" --- p.107 / "National Model: Two Categories of the ""Iron Maiden""" --- p.109 / From Person to the Nation: Organization Form and Political Consciousness --- p.114 / CONCLUSION --- p.126 / APPENDIX --- p.132 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.139

Background: Following the development of digitalization and the emergence of social media a lot of attention has been drawn upon how these platforms are influencing the fashion industry and fashion marketing. As society is becoming more ethics and health conscious, fashion companies’ visual representations in social media are drawing more attention - who is represented and how are these representations portrayed. Previous research has shown that white and thin models are a recurrent over-representation in media, consumers through these see the ‘ideal’ or stereotypical body types or norms, and not an actual or full representation of society. The issue is, however, not that white or thin people are represented in media. The problem is how companies portray these representations and how the portrayals lead to the exclusion and misrepresentation of other groups in society. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the CSR practice of fashion companies regarding the body image representations in social media marketing communications, with specific focus on the marketer’s perspective. Methodology: For this study an exploratory cross-sectional case-study research design approach was applied. Four corporate cases of fashion companies were analyzed using data triangulation methods on the basis of content analysis and semi-structured interviews. First, case analysis of social media contents and interviews were conducted, followed by cross- sectional analysis to find out if fashion companies’ practiced social responsibility is aligned with the verbally expressed social responsibility. Findings: The findings of this study demonstrate that fashion companies consider external social responsibility as an important issue, however, a gap between the companies practiced social responsibility and verbally expressed social responsibility remains. The study shows that two of the companies’ practiced social responsibility on their Instagram channel is in alignment with their verbally expressed social responsibility, when it comes to representing diversity in terms of body size, ethnicity and skin color. However, when it comes to the representational conventions it was noted that all the companies are lacking in external responsibility due to the continuous signs of idealization and body-ism on all the companies’ Instagram channels. Conclusion: This study contributes to the research field regarding companies’ external social responsibility on Instagram. The findings provide companies and researchers with awareness of which representational conventions/key social aspects are currently lacking in corporate marketing activities and should become the focus for further improvement. Based on obtained results, a modified framework for image analysis and criteria for image/content creation are suggested. The framework and criteria can assist future researchers, help content creators and other practitioners to understand the complexity of external social responsibility and how to implement it in practice.

This study has found that negative body image is present in third graders, as young as seven years of age. One interesting finding was that a high number of students who viewed body-oriented magazines had a negative body image.