Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HildeamoBO_TESE.pdf: 915178 bytes, checksum: 80d936a712feea6bd3e9ced994b731a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / Physiological changes induced by the aging process is dynamic and progressive, reducing the adaptability and independence of older people and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the ACE gene ID and the phenotypes of muscular strength and blood pressure of 62 elderly Brazilian (67.35 ? 5.66 years) during a 16-week program of supervised training. The elderly women were stratified by age, with the group 1 (G1, n = 34) <70 years and group 2 (G2 n = 28) &#8805; 70 years, and in three groups by ACE, ACE-II (n = 8) ACE- DD (n = 35) and ACE-ID (n = 19). The level of muscle strength was evaluated by the method of maximum repetitions and measures of blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after training (PAPr?1 and PAP?s1) and before and after each training session (PAPre2 and PAP?s2), in place of training. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes polymorphism and insertion / deletion (ID) of the ACE gene (rs1800795) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus PCR-confirmatory. The genotype distribution of the polymorphism ID attended the prerogatives of Hardy-Weit?herg. There was variation in power levels before and after training and the age between groups (t-test) and the ACE polymorphism (ANOVA) (p <0.05). Depending on the results it was concluded that resistance training helps to reduce SBP and increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs when considering the age and ACE polymorphism. In this study the Elderly carriers of the D allele were more reactive to changes in BP resistance training. This study was multidisciplinary project involving researchers in the areas Medical, Physical Education, Pharmacy, Nutrition, Gerontology and Statistics. This fulfilled the requirements of the multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences / As altera??es fisiol?gicas induzidas pelo processo de envelhecimento s?o din?micas e progressivas, reduzindo a capacidade de adapta??o e autonomia do idoso, podendo ser influenciada por fatores gen?ticos e ambientais. Assim o objetivo desta tese foi verificar a associa??o entre o polimorfismo ID do gene da ECA e os fen?tipos de for?a muscular e press?o arterial sist?mica de 62 idosas brasileiras (67,35?5,66 anos) durante um programa de 16 semanas de treinamento supervisionado. As idosas foram estratificadas pela idade, sendo o grupo1 (G1, n=34 )<70 anos e grupo 2 (G2 n=28)&#8805; 70 anos, e em tr?s grupos pela ECA, ECA-II (n=8) ECA-DD (n=35) e ECA-ID (n=19). O n?vel de for?a muscular foi avaliado pelo m?todo de repeti??es m?ximas e as medidas da press?o arterial (PA) foram aferidas antes e ap?s o treinamento (PAPr?1 e PAP?s1) e antes e ap?s cada sess?o de treino (PAPre2 e PAP?s2), no local de treinamento. Amostras de DNA foram isoladas a partir de leuc?citos de sangue perif?rico e o polimorfismo de inser??o/dele??o (ID) do gene ECA (rs1800795) foi genotipado pela rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) acrescida de PCR-confirmat?ria. A distribui??o genot?pica do polimorfismo ID atendeu as prerrogativas do equil?brio de Hardy-Weit?herg. Houve varia??o nos n?veis de for?a pr? e p?s-treinamento e entre os grupos pela idade (teste t) e pelo polimorfismo da ECA (ANOVA) com (p<0,05). Em fun??o dos resultados concluiu-se que o treinamento contra resist?ncia contribui para redu??o da PAS e aumento da for?a muscular de membros superiores e inferiores quando consideradas a idade e o polimorfismo da ECA. Neste estudo as Idosas portadoras do alelo D foram mais reativas as varia??es da PA ao treinamento resistido. A realiza??o deste estudo teve car?ter multidisciplinar, envolvendo pesquisadores das ?reas Medicina, Educa??o F?sica, Farm?cia, Nutri??o, Gerontologia e Estat?stica. Este aspecto preencheu os requisitos da multidisciplinaridade do Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias da Sa?de

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka hur doping och anti-doping förstås i ett gym- och fitnessammanhang. För att besvara syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar angående förekomsten av doping, hur doping kan förstås i relation till kropp och genus, och om anti-doping och preventiva insatser. Utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med nio informanter, tillhörande bodybuildingens professionella sfär, har sedan frågeställningarna försökt besvarats. Informanterna bestod av tre kvinnor och sex män i åldrarna 21 till 45 år. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån Connells begrepp hegemonisk maskulinitet och betonad femininitet, samt delar av Bourdieus begreppsapparat. Resultatet presenteras under tre olika teman som berör respektive frågeställning. Utifrån resultatet kan doping förstås vara vanligt förekommande inom professionell bodybuilding vid tävlingssatsning. Doping förekommer även utanför tävlingskontext hos användare med motiv som på olika sätt förankras i rekreation och estetik. I båda fallen kan doping förstås i syfte att stå ut och skapa ett narrativ om att vara något utöver vanliga. Resultatet visar även att anti-dopingarbetet är svårnavigerat och delvis splittrat där nya perspektiv på arbetssätt möter äldre, och där anti-dopingrörelsens olika aktörer kan behöva göras enhetliga för att inte riskera sin trovärdighet. / The purpose of this essay is to examine (anti)doping in a gym- and fitness environment. To answer the research questions, semi-structured interviews have been accomplished with members all part of the professional bodybuilding sphere. The theoretical framework is based on theories by Connell and Bourdieu. The result shows that doping can be understood in relation to a narrative about being something out o the ordinary, but also that the anti-doping interventions lack a path of clear direction.

Denna studie behandlar en grupp av unga, manliga amatörbodybuilders och deras förhållande till, och reproduktion av maskulina ideal genom en etnografisk studie. Tidigare forskning har belyst att normen på gymmet präglas av maskulina ideal, och att bodybuilders genom sin träning och sina uttryck konstant strävar mot att uppnå dessa. Vidare förs diskussioner i den tidigare forskningen kring gemenskapen inom gymmet, och hur den ger upphov till särskilda maskulina ideal. Syftet med studien är att studera hur dessa amatörbodybuilders förhåller sig till ideal, samt hur de genom gemensam träning kan förverkliga dessa. Frågeställningarna undersöker hur dessa amatörbodybuilders producerar och reproducerar ideal, samt hur gruppens dynamik påverkar olika förhållningssätt till maskulina ideal. Det empiriska materialet består av transkriberad text från fältanteckningar som samlades in genom samtal och observationer under flera träningspass med gruppen av amatörbodybuilders. Materialet har analyserats utifrån Goffmans teorier om presentationen av självet, samt med Wacquants begrepp gällande kroppskapital. Resultatet visar att förkroppsligade ideal inom gruppen bidrar till en reproduktion av idealen för övriga deltagare i gruppen. Vidare pekar även resultatet på att idealen ständigt är närvarande för gruppens praktik på gymmet, och att denna färgar träningen och sina jämförelser med andra. Analysen visar att gruppens ställning förstärker vissa ideal, såsom det kroppsliga men att det samtidigt finns en avsaknad av andra ideal såsom rivalitet. Slutsatsen är därmed att nya ideal inte produceras, utan befintliga ideal i stället reproduceras i bodybuilderns gympraxis, och att gruppträning även kan förstärka strävan efter idealet.

This study is about how bodybuilders in the 1960s are produced in the Swedish media image. The purpose of the study is to clarify how the male, muscular, body and identity is portrayed in the media image. Through an analysis of how daily- and evening newspapers reported, negotiated and linguistically produced bodybuilding and its practitioners, I hope to access these representations which together can be considered to form a specific discourse about bodybuilding. The language used by journalists, columnists, muscle bodybuilding and other people represented in the material formed the analogies, dichotomies and symbols that shape bodybuilding's identity in the 1960s. I have tried to show how the creation of meaning about bodybuilding and its practitioners construct the bodybuilder’s identity during the period in question as well as what the bodybuilder represented and what value the practitioner and his activities were attributed by and also how the gender norms can be distinguished from the actual material. I have chosen to call this period the legitimation phase of bodybuilding and by this I do not mean whether bodybuilders become an authorized representative of a masculine ideal, but rather the fact that through the media image of meaning negotiation he receives specific characteristics and cultural connotations that are maintained and renegotiated through language. Through the 1960s media image the bodybuilder is neither intelligent, beautiful and he has no soul, he also has feminine attributes and a passive muscularity. On the other hand, because of the positive qualities emphasized in his defense he is also handsome, intelligent, he has a soul and he has an active male body. This is also a part of his identity.

Body culture represents a typical example of sociological phenomenon which has been a subject of mass commercialization for nearly several decades. At certain stage of this process, new magazines of special interest were been created with focus on a specific concept of the physical culture. Their content coverage ranged from fitness, strength training, bodybuilding, health lifestyle, to physical exercise in general. The diploma thesis "The body culture phenomenon in Czech special interests magazines" aims to survey an origin and evolution of such magazines in the Czech Republic and tries to shed light on how physical culture represented by increasing popularity of fitness activities among general public had been reflected in this segment of media production. While analyzing three Czech magazines, Svět kulturistiky, FITNESS and MUSCLE&FITNESS, the thesis examines how the mass popularization and commercialization of physical culture have affected a content structure of the magazines. The research focuses on selection of topics, target audience, use of language and graphic design. Qualitative content analysis will be used to study how the physical culture phenomenon is represented in selected magazines. The thesis also gives a brief insight into the history of bodybuilding and fitness movement in the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Gomes Teixeira.pdf: 2335171 bytes, checksum: 7413a33e4bcdddfe1ceeef3312869398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent decades, strength training (bodybuilding) is no longer a physical activity for young people only, and has become the most recommended activity for the maintenance of functional capability and physical independence during old age, due to significant gains in strength and muscle and bone mass, as a result of this practice. As the number of elderly included in this practice is still quite low, this study aimed to raise the determiners of adhesion to bodybuilding practice among elderly from the city of Porto Velho, from a qualitative approach. We used as research strategies, a semi-structured interview and a multiple choice questionnaire, applied in two geographic locations of Porto Velho (7 gyms and Espaço Alternativo, a place for physical activities in general), in which we interviewed a total of 39 elderly. The most important determiners of adhesion were the awareness of the benefits and medical advice, and other equally important factors, yet less important than the previous ones, were perceived free time, previous habit of physical activity, access to the gym, received social support, self perception of health and functional capacity, and stereotypes of the individual about bodybuilding and old age. These factors were influenced by marital status, having children or not, schooling level, monthly income, retirement, type of work performed over the life, diseases, functional capacity, location of the gym, existing cultural values in society about old age and bodybuilding, and having friends/relatives who practice bodybuilding. There are more limiting factors for adhesion to bodybuilding than to physical activities in general, among elderly, resulting in little knowledge about differences of this physical activity and in the still existing stereotypes about old age and bodybuilding. We consider that the poor adhesion of elderly to bodybuilding is because the activity is not included in the current discourse on physical activity and health / Nas últimas décadas, os exercícios resistidos (musculação) deixaram de ser uma atividade física destinada apenas a jovens, e se tornaram a atividade mais preconizada para a manutenção da capacidade funcional e independência física durante a velhice, em função dos expressivos ganhos de força e massa muscular e óssea, resultantes desta prática. Como o número de idosos nela inseridos ainda é bastante baixo, este estudo objetivou levantar os determinantes de adesão à prática de musculação entre idosos da cidade de Porto Velho, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. Utilizamos como estratégias de investigação uma entrevista semiestruturada e um questionário fechado, aplicados em dois universos geográficos de Porto Velho (7 academias e Espaço Alternativo), nos quais entrevistamos um total de 39 idosos. Os determinantes de adesão mais importantes foram o conhecimento dos benefícios e a indicação médica, e outros fatores também importantes, porém menos que os anteriores, foram tempo livre percebido, hábito anterior de atividade física, acesso à academia, apoio social recebido, autopercepção de saúde e capacidade funcional, e estereótipos do indivíduo sobre a musculação e a velhice. Esses fatores foram influenciados pelo estado conjugal, ter ou não filhos, escolaridade, renda mensal, aposentadoria, tipo de profissão desempenhada ao longo da vida, presença de doenças, capacidade funcional, localização da academia, valores culturais existentes na sociedade sobre a velhice e a musculação, e ter amigos/familiares que praticam musculação. Existem mais limitantes de adesão à musculação do que às atividades físicas em geral, entre idosos, que se traduzem no pouco conhecimento sobre os diferenciais dessa atividade física e nos ainda existentes estereótipos sobre velhice e musculação. Consideramos que a baixa adesão de idosos à musculação se dá porque a atividade ainda não está inserida nos discursos vigentes sobre atividade física e saúde

The thesis tries to process a topic of bodybuilding phenomenon in the wider context of the ideal body formation in modern age. Bodybuilding is understood as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon closely tied to a modern society and its historical development. Beyond the bodybuilding the work also deals with an analysis of the contemporary social body theory with focus on the domestic discourse and subsequently also with an analysis of discursive formation modern physicality from the Enlightenment till the 20th century. The main focus is put on the understanding of changes characteristic for the modern society in context of the modernisation project continuity. The objective is to describe a history of bodybuilding within the outlined process of modernization, as well as to compare various alternative conception of the ideal of physicality in the "Fordism Modernity", where a special attention is focused on the analysis of bio political discourse in Communist dictatorship. The remaining part processes a historical development of the bodybuilding movement in Czechoslovakia, where the main emphasis is put on placing the Czechoslovakia bodybuilding into the postulated concept, including individual historical events. Key words: Social history; Bodybuilding; Social Theory; History of the Body; Subculture;...

This thesis deals with the black market of enhancing drugs with a particular focus on androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). Medical studies agree that these substances in the form and quantity abused by athletes to improve performance are damaging the body and therefore author is looking for recommendations for economic policy on how to reduce rate of this abuse. The study of economic literature (especially the Becker's "Theory of rational addiction") shows that users of AAS are rational, often even more rational than users of other harmful substances, because they abuse these substances with long-term plan. The reason of this purposeful approach is that the desired "delight" is derived from hard-earned success unlike other drugs and therefore abuse of AAS is associated with discipline, calculation and hence a (limited ) rationality. Economists building on Becker 's theory point out to cases where this limitation is so significant that it justifies regulation. This thesis is based on the assumption (supported by studies) that prohibition or penalizing the users themselves are ineffective instruments and therefore is the author looking for alternative solution. The author believes that the main stimulators of demand for AAS are misleading media; benevolent government's approach towards bodybuilding competitions; and finally the prohibition leading to the formation of the black market which makes it impossible for (potential ) users to become optimally informed about health risks etc. This hypothesis is being tested in questionnaire survey distributed mainly through social networks. Finally, the author sets out recommendations for economic policy: that restrictive hand of the state should focus attention in the opposite direction than before i.e., the demand side and thereby subtly demotivate users themselves.

The information covered in this project is intended to give the physical educator and coach an easy-to-follow manual with illustrations to guide them through basic instructions on the parallel squat. This project will include biomechanical principles of the squat exercise.

No description available.