Capital markets have changed profoundly since green bonds were first introduced in 2013 as a way of financing programs benefiting social and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether green bond issues are related to value creation as compared with conventional bond issues, and how the relative size of a bond issue may impact this relationship. Using bonds issued on Nasdaq Stockholm from 2014 to 2020, our study finds no significant abnormal returns for green bonds, the benchmark of conventional bonds nor the comparison of the means. Further, we could not find an interaction effect between the relative issue size and the green bond. Hence, this study finds no indication that green bonds create value. However, we show that relative size has a positive and significant regression coefficient in all models, meaning that the ​larger the relative size of a bond issue, the more the stock price is expected to increase.

This thesis examined the effect of non-financial motives, namely pro-environmental or sustainability preference, in bond pricing on the European secondary market before and during the COVID-19 crisis over the period 02.01.2019-26.02.2021. To estimate the potential yield spread between green bonds and matched conventional bonds, we applied a stringent matching method and fixed-effect regression to explore the green bond premium. The result indicated a small positive premium of 0.46 bps before the COVID-19 (01.2019-02.2020) and a small negative premium of 0.2 bps during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis (03.2020-02.2021), and the premiums have significantly changed between the two study periods, implying that the COVID-19 had a significant effect on the GB premium. Thus, before the pandemic, investors demanded compensation in the form of a higher yield return on investing in green bonds; however, during the pandemic, investors are willing to accept a lower yield on the GBs in comparison to the equivalent CB to finance environmentally-friendly projects. Additionally, the paper investigated bond volatility by analyzing the standard deviation of the daily yield. Although green bonds tended to have a higher volatility, no robust conclusion could be drawn due to a lack of statistical significance.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19725号 / 工博第4180号 / 新制||工||1645(附属図書館) / 32761 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 松原 誠二郎, 教授 中尾 佳亮, 教授 杉野目 道紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20192号 / 理博第4277号 / 新制||理||1615(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 依光 英樹, 教授 丸岡 啓二, 講師 西村 貴洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar las representaciones mentales del vínculo humano-animal en adultos responsables del cuidado de mascotas caninas quienes pertenecen al sector socioeconómico medio limeño. Para tal propósito, desde el paradigma cualitativo, se utilizó un diseño fenomenológico a partir de un grupo heterogéneo, ubicado dentro de los tres estadíos del desarrollo humano adulto propuestos por Papalia et al. (2012). Los participantes oscilan entre 21 y 65 años, siendo los dueños y responsables totales de una mascota donde reconocen la existencia de un vínculo significativo, el cual tiene una duración mayor a dos años. Para recoger la información se utilizó la técnica de entrevista conversacional y guía conversacional. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mascota representa una figura de apego, que corresponde a una base segura caracterizada por los principios que rigen al vínculo humano-animal de Katcher(1993). Esta representa una fuente de apoyo y comprensión significativa en momentos de estrés y angustia, así como también influencia positivamente en el autoconcepto de los dueños al sentirse valorados, reconocidos y útiles. Este vínculo es capaz de impulsar la capacidad de agencia reflejado en emprendimientos en los participantes, así como resultar terapéutica, al facilitar el tránsito de experiencias de pérdidas. No obstante, fantasear con la pérdida de la mascota conlleva a proyectar sentimientos de tristeza, malestar e ira depositadas en las conductas del animal, percibiendo que esta pérdida podría desembocar una depresión. Esto revela cuán importante es comprender el vínculo humano-animal en nuestra sociedad, pues puede impactar desarrollando síntomas y padecimientos psicológicos. / The objective of this research is to explore the mental representations of the human-animal bond in adults responsible for the care of canine pets who belong to the middle socioeconomic sector of Lima. For this purpose, from the qualitative paradigm, a phenomenological design was used from a heterogeneous group, located within the three stages of adult human development proposed by Papalia et al.(2012). The participants range between 21 and 65 years, being the owners and total responsible for a pet where they recognize the existence of a significant bond, which lasts more than two years. To collect the information, the conversational interview and conversational guide technique was used. The results showed that the pet represents an attachment figure, which corresponds to a secure base characterized by the principles that govern the human-animal bond of Katcher (1993). This represents a source of significant support and understanding in times of stress and anguish, as well as a positive influence on the owners' self-concept by feeling valued, recognized and useful. This bond is capable of boosting the agency capacity reflected in entrepreneurship in the participants, as well as being therapeutic, by facilitating the transit of experiences of loss. However, fantasizing about the loss of the pet leads to projecting feelings of sadness, discomfort and anger deposited in the behavior of the animal, perceiving that this loss could lead to depression. This reveals how important it is to understand the human-animal bond in our society, as it can impact developing symptoms and psychological ailments. / Tesis

The typical form for a molecular mechanics force field consists of a foundation of pair-wise terms to describe bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions, with multi-body correction terms to deal with the limitations of pair-wise terms. I present here the first attempts of a molecular mechanics model that is founded on multi-body terms, which are based on the Bond Valence Model (Brown, 2002) and recent developments in the Vectorial Bond Valence Model (Bickmore et al., 2013a; Harvey et al., 2006). I calibrated these models on pressure vs. energy curves for a set of SiO2 polymorphs. The average deviation for the best-fit iteration, with only six adjustable parameters was ±1.98 kcal/mol.

Yes / This paper investigated the bond characteristics between eight types of nanofillers modified reactive powder concrete (RPC) and plain steel bars, aiming to explore the modifying mechanisms and establish a bond-slip relationship model for nanofillers modified RPC and steel bar interface. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of nanofillers can increase the bond strength and reduce the slip between RPC and plain steel bars. It was shown that a 2.15 MPa/20.5% of absolute/relative increase in cracking bond strength, a 1.25 MPa/10.3% of absolute/relative increase in ultimate bond strength, a 2.35 MPa/22.4% of absolute/relative increase in residual bond strength, a 0.592 mm/56.5% of absolute/relative reduction in ultimate bond slip, and a 1.779 mm/52.1% of absolute/relative reduction in residual bond slip were the best achieved due to the addition of various nanofillers. The enhancement of nanofillers on RPC-steel bar interface has been mainly attributed to RPC microstructure improvement, optimization of intrinsic compositions, and elimination of defects in the interface, especially the underside near steel bar, due to the nano-core effect of nanofillers enriched in the interface. In addition, the bond-slip relationship of nanofillers modified RPC-steel bar interface can be accurately described by the proposed model considering an initial branch. / The authors would like to thank the funding offered by the National Science Foundation of China (51978127 and 51908103), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT21RC(3)039).

The bond between a mother and child is thought to be sacred. It is a phenomenon that society seems to expect as axiomatic based on the single biological fact that a woman carries her child, creating an inseparable bond; even for non-biological mothers, the bond is perceived as one of supreme importance. What happens to the mother and to the child, if this sacred bond is broken? The intent of this thesis was to focus on the perceived bond between mother and child and turn it on its head. As a work of fiction, Pretend Land is a series of interrelated short stories about a young woman named Dalia and her issues of abandonment and consequent coping mechanisms. My goal was to explore the effects of mother/child separation through the vehicle of storytelling and create a tale that would allow an honest narrative, not to prove one thing or another, but to finally bring a story to the forefront about an absent mother and the child she left behind.

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