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From palladium to iron : towards more sustainable catalysisJones, Alison Sarah January 2015 (has links)
The construction of bonds in a controlled and selective manner and the development of operationally simple, general and reliable methods to achieve these aims remains a key goal of chemical synthesis and the countless industries it impacts upon. With this in mind, the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective introduction of a number of functionalities into small molecules was investigated. Traditionally the majority of functionalisations have used precious metals; the scope of transformations that can be achieved using these catalysts is remarkable. Palladium in particular has found widespread application in new bond-forming processes and, in addition to cross-coupling reactions, palladium catalysis has been used to effect a wide variety of asymmetric reactions. This work describes investigations into the palladium-catalysed enantioselective electrophilic fluorination of azaarylacetates and amides A2 and the oxidative annulation of ferrocene derivatives A4 (Scheme A1). Both products have structural significance; heterocycles and stereogenic fluorinated centres, present in A3, are important motifs in the pharmaceutical industry, and ferrocenes are important rigid scaffolds in chiral ligands such as those in the Josiphos family e.g. A7. Scheme A1. Palladium catalysis for a) enantioselective fluorination and b) oxidative annulation Whilst a general catalyst remained elusive for the asymmetric fluorination of azaarylacetates and amides, benzoxazole-containing substrates were consistently fluorinated with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee) using palladium catalyst A1 (Scheme 1a). The oxidative annulation of ferrocene derivatives proved challenging and although the reaction was successful, the product could only be isolated in up to 24% yield (Scheme 1b). In order to determine the yield-limiting step of the reaction, mechanistic studies were conducted and palladacycle A6 was synthesised as a possible reaction intermediate. Recently there has been a shift towards the development of more sustainable, environmentally benign and economic catalyst systems and iron is quickly becoming recognised as a viable alternative owing to its high natural abundance and low toxicity. A general iron-catalysed hydrofunctionalisation procedure is described that was used to form a wide variety of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds (Scheme A2). Scheme A2. Iron catalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation With just 0.5 mol% iron catalyst, the broad scope formal hydrofunctionalisation of styrene derivatives was achieved using commercially available and bench-stable catalysts and reagents. An iron-catalysed highly regioselective hydromagnesiation gave a common benzylic Grignard reagent, which was reacted with an array of electrophiles in a highly chemo- and regioselective manner. Significantly, the products of formal hydroboration, hydrosilylation and cross-coupling reactions were obtained.
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A novel bioactive glass-enhanced orthodontic bonding resin: A shear bond strength studyJohnson, Cole 03 May 2011 (has links)
Enamel decalcification caused by poor oral hygiene is a significant problem in orthodontics. Bioactive glass-containing resins have been shown to release Ca2+ ions into surrounding solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of four different compositions of orthodontic resin prepared with bioactive glass (N=20). Premolars were bonded using one of four BAG-BOND compositions. Brackets were debonded and ARI scores were given. The mean shear bond strength was 7.23 ± 2.47 MPa (62 BAG-BOND), 8.25 ± 2.87 MPa (65 BAG-BOND), 8.78 ± 3.08 MPa (81BAG-BOND) and 5.80 ± 2.27 MPa (85 BAG-BOND). 65 and 81 BAG-BOND were significantly higher than 85 BAG-BOND. The 62 BAG-BOND group was not statistically significantly different from any other group. All groups exhibited a cohesive bond failure and were not statistically significant from each other. Three compositions of the novel orthodontic adhesive exhibited adequate bond strength for clinical applications.
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The Relationship Between Preschool Children's School Readiness, Social-Emotional Competence and Student-Teacher RelationshipsWaajid, Badiyyah I. 01 January 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between preschool children'sschool readiness, young children's social emotional development, and teacher-studentrelationships. Of interest, was whether social-emotional competence and teacher-studentrelationships made unique contributions to young children school readiness. Participantswere 58 three and four year old children (31 boys and 27 girls) who attended 3 inner-citypreschool programs. Thirty-five percent of the sample was African American, with theremainder being Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic. Social-emotional and teacher-studentrelationship measures collected during the year were associated with school readiness atyear's end. Children's emotional competence was assessed using child interviews.Social competence and teacher-student relationships were measured using teachersurveys.After controlling for age, bivariate correlation revealed that emotional competence and social competence were positively related to one another. Emotional competence and close teacher-student relationships were related to school readiness. Regression analyses showed the emotional competence added to the prediction of school readiness after controlling for age. Children more ready for school, were more emotionally competent. Children having close relationships with preschool teachers were also more emotionally competent.
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Examining the Parent-Adolescent Bond and Parent-Offspring Marijuana Communication on Marijuana Use and Problems: A Test of Primary Socialization TheoryZaharakis, Nikola 01 January 2015 (has links)
Marijuana use among American young adults is rising, and perceptions of harm are declining. Individual states continue to enact more lenient marijuana use and possession laws. Marijuana use is associated with many serious negative outcomes. Thus, marijuana use among this age group has become a public health concern. According to Primary Socialization Theory, parents exert their influence on youth behavior through the parent-adolescent bond and through communication. Previous researchers have identified parent-offspring communication about alcohol and tobacco as a potentially important target of prevention efforts. Little research has yet explored marijuana communication and its potential influence on use-related outcomes. This study sought to model the influence of the parent-adolescent bond and parent-offspring communication about marijuana on marijuana use and problems related to use. In order to model this influence, the Communication about Marijuana (CAM) measure first was developed. In Study 1, an initial pool of items tapping marijuana communication was tested using a sample of 18-25 year old (M=20.22) undergraduate students (N=433). Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the fit of the data to the proposed model. In Study 2, a revised CAM measure was tested with a second sample of 18-25 year old (M=20.40) undergraduate students (N=432). The final measure included four content topic factors comprising 9 items, and 3 descriptive items tapping communication context. Structural equation models were specified to model the parent-adolescent bond and marijuana communication content on student self-reported past year marijuana use and marijuana use problems. Results suggested that the parent-adolescent bond was protective on marijuana use frequency, while models including only the manifest variable parental support better fit the data with regard to marijuana use problems. Communication content was somewhat differentially related to outcomes. Discussions encouraging abstinence, offering advice on peer pressure and monitoring use were related to more frequent use. Communication that conveyed disappointment about marijuana use and offered advice about peer pressure and choosing non-using friends was related to more marijuana use problems. Positive relations between communication and use outcomes were unexpected, but may reflect reactive parenting. Results and implications for future research are discussed in the context of the extant literature.
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Development of Ruthenium Catalysts for Water OxidationLaine, Tanja M. January 2016 (has links)
An increasing global energy demand requires alternative fuel sources. A promising method is artificial photosynthesis. Although, the artificial processes are different from the natural photosynthetic process, the basic principles are the same, i.e. to split water and to convert solar energy into chemical energy. The energy is stored in bonds, which can at a later stage be released upon combustion. The bottleneck in the artificial systems is the water oxidation. The aim of this research has been to develop catalysts for water oxidation that are stable, yet efficient. The molecular catalysts are comprised of organic ligands that ultimately are responsible for the catalyst structure and activity. These ligands are often based on polypyridines or other nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. This thesis describes the development of molecular ruthenium catalysts and the evaluation of their ability to mediate chemical and photochemical oxidation of water. Previous work from our group has shown that the introduction of negatively charged groups into the ligand frameworks lowers the redox potentials of the metal complexes. This is beneficial as it makes it possible to drive water oxidation with [Ru(bpy)3]3+-type oxidants (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), which can be photochemically generated from the corresponding [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex. Hence, all the designed ligands herein contain negatively charged groups in the coordination site for ruthenium. The first part of this thesis describes the development of two mononuclear ruthenium complexes and the evaluation of these for water oxidation. Both complexes displayed low redox potentials, allowing for water oxidation to be driven either chemically or photochemically using the mild one-electron oxidant [Ru(bpy)3]3+. The second part is a structure–activity relationship study on several analogues of mononuclear ruthenium complexes. The complexes were active for water oxidation and the redox potentials of the analogues displayed a linear relationship with the Hammet σmeta parameter. It was also found that the complexes form high-valent Ru(VI) species, which are responsible for mediating O–O bond formation. The last part of the thesis describes the development of a dinuclear ruthenium complex and the catalytic performance for chemical and photochemical water oxidation. It was found that the complex undergoes O–O bond formation via a bridging peroxide intermediate, i.e. an I2M–type mechanism.
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Análise estatística das ligações Ru-S e Ru-N em complexos de rutênio. / Statistical analysis of links Ru-S and Ru-N in complexes of ruthenium.Ribeiro, Márcio Boer 27 June 2002 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as ligações Ru-S e Ru-N em um conjunto de complexos de rutênio que contêm espécies orgânicas, para estimar a influência dos ligantes nos comprimentos dπ-S e dπ-N do rutênio. Esta informação é importante para entender as propriedades enzimáticas apresentadas por muitos desses complexos de rutênio que contêm esse tipo de ligação. Inicia-se resolvendo as estruturas cristalinas relevantes por difração de raios X em monocristal, fazendo depois uma comparação estatística dos parâmetros geométricos das ligações destas estruturas com aqueles obtidos a partir de um grande número de estruturas conhecidas. Essa tarefa foi realizada usando-se a Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), que oferece uma série de programas implementados que permite procurar, organizar e analisar todas as informações disponíveis sobre as estruturas depositadas na base de dados. Em particular, estudou-se o comportamento Ru-S e Ru-N quando havia mudança do ligante que se encontrava em posição trans, e também a mudança dessas duas ligações quando se mudava o ligante formado pelo S e N coordenados ao Ru. Considerando que a cristalografia de raios X é a parte importante de nossa educação científica, foi dada uma pequena descrição de seus fundamentos, enfatizando os algoritmos e programas mais usados no presente trabalho. Subseqüentemente, foram consideradas as aplicações químicas e síntese dos compostos cujas estruturas foram determinadas, que são: 1 ) RuCl2 (DMSO)(im) 2; 2)RuCl3 (dppb)byp; 3)mer-[RuCl3 (DMS) 3].[RuCl3 (DMS) 2 (DMSO)] e 4) [RuCl(┬ -C6 H6)(2,2\' byp) +].(PF6)-. A partir destas determinações estruturais foram analisadas as vizinhanças dos sítios metálicos nos quatro compostos, assim como as diferenças nas conformações moleculares dos mesmos. Estes estudos permitiram identificar, por exemplo, a presença de uma ligação de hidrogênio N...H-Car no complexo RuCl3 (dppb)byp. A presença desta ligação concorda com a análise do espectro de EPR da amostra. A comparação da coordenação do sitio metálico com os dados provenientes das análises estatísticas mostrou que, mesmo sendo fraca, essa interação poderia estar exercendo uma considerável influência na ligação do Ru com a bipiridina. A análise da estrutura cristalina do complexo mer-[RuCl3 (DMS) 3].[RuCl3 (DMS) 2 (DMSO)] mostrou as diferenças nas coordenações dos íons Ru(II) e Ru(III). Usando um grande número de estruturas da base de dados CSD, foi possível verificar que o efeito de retrodação é mais forte para estados de oxidação mais baixos, confirmando a primazia desse efeito nos complexos de Ru(II) assim como previsto na literatura. No estudo da influência do átomo em posição trans ao S, foi confirmado, através das análises estatísticas, que o oxigênio comportou-se como o melhor aceptor de elétrons quando comparado com o nitrogênio e o cloro, fazendo com que ligação Ru-S com O em posição trans fosse fortaleci da, apresentando o menor valor médio. Posteriormente, foi analisada a influência dos grupos formados pelo enxofre na ligação Ru-S quando esses ligantes eram mudados. Os mesmos estudos foram feitos para os complexos de Ru-N. Por fim, este trabalho mostrou algumas aplicações importantes da base de dados CSD, neste primeiro momento confirmando resultados já conhecidos na literatura e mostrando que a mesma pode desempenhar um papel importante no estudo estrutural de complexos moleculares, podendo ser usada como uma poderosa ferramenta na identificação de novos resultados no que diz respeito tanto a interações intra e inter moleculares como a conformações moleculares. / The endeavor of the present investigation is to analyze Ru-S and Ru-N bonds in a few novel ruthenium complexes with organic species, to assess the influence of the ligands in the strength of the dπ-S e dπ-N ruthenium bonding. This information is important to understand the enzymatic abilities displayed by many ruthenium complexes having this type of bonds. We started by solving the relevant crystal structures by single¬crystal X-ray diffraction, performing then a statistical comparison of the geometrical features of the bonds with those of a large number of known structures. This task was carried out by using the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD), which provides a series of programmed algorithms to search, organize and analyze all available information on the structures deposited in the database. In particular the behavior of the Ru-S and Ru-N bonds was assessed when the trans ligand to the bonds and/or the species to which S or N belonged were modified. Since we have recourse to X-ray crystallography as an important part of our scientific education, we give a short description of its basic features, emphasizing the algorithms and programs we mostly used in the present work. We give afterwards an account of the chemical applications, synthesis and crystal structure analyses of the compounds: 1 ) RuCl2 (DMSO)(im) 2; 2)RuCl3 (dppb)byp; 3)mer-[RuCl3 (DMS) 3].[RuCl3 (DMS) 2 (DMSO)] and 4) [RuCl(┬ -C6 H6)(2,2\' byp) +].(PF6)-. Analyses of the molecular structures allows one to establish the differences in the coordination of the metal centers in the four complexes. These studies lead us to identify, for example, the presence of an N...H-Car intermolecular hydrogen bond in the complex RuCl3 (dppb)byp. The presence of this intermolecular interaction is consistent with the EPR spectra of the sample. Comparison of the coordination of the Ru ion in this complex with the one obtained by statistic analysis shows that, in spite of being rather weak, this intermolecular interaction seems to have an important influence over the Ru-bipyridine bond. The analysis of the crystal structure of the complex mer-[RuCl3 (DMS) 3]. [RuCl3 (DMS) 2 (DMSO)] shows the differences in the coordination environment of the Ru(II) and Ru(III) ions. The use of a large number of known structures from the CSD data base, enabled us to verify that the back-donation effect is stronger for Ru ions with low oxidation states, as is established in the literature. The statistical analyses of the influence of the atom in trans position to the sulfur in complexes containing Ru-S bonds, confirm that the oxygen atom behaves as the best electron acceptor when compared with nitrogen and chlorine. This property renders a shorter Ru-S bond length when an oxygen atom is in trans position. The effect of changing the species to which the sulfur belongs over the Ru-S bond length, was also analyzed. The same studies were carried out on the complexes containing Ru-N bond. Finally, this work showed the potential of some important applications of the CSD database. It was also shown that this database could play an important role in the structural study of molecular complexes, being a powerful tool in the study of the molecular conformations and the identification and characterization of the intermolecular interactions.
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Quando o sujeito descompleta o universal / Not informed by the authorMarcon, Heloisa Helena 17 May 2018 (has links)
A ideia de que há um mal-estar resultante da renúncia pulsional necessária para vivermos com outros já foi sustentada por Freud em 1930. A novidade de o mal-estar maior residir no próprio consumo de bens trazidos pela cultura é inaugurada pelo discurso do capitalista que está assentado sobre a convicção de que a ciência torna compreensível tudo o que teríamos a conhecer, a tecnociência fabricaria tudo de que temos necessidade e o mercado nos daria acesso a tudo que nos falta. O sujeito sugestionado por esse discurso, embora constituído como efeito da articulação significante, acredita auto engendrar-se e poder completar-se com esse triplo tudo. Ele é seduzido pela promessa de poder completar-se com o objeto, se não esse, com o próximo objeto adquirido, transformando-se em indivíduo completado pelo gozo. Ele fica à deriva, errando de objeto em objeto, a não ser que consiga vincular o objeto causa de desejo com os objetos escolhidos. Esse trabalho apresenta o nascimento do sujeito, a passagem da \"noite do mundo\" ao domínio simbólico, assim como a entrada de cada um na linguagem a partir dos primeiros Outros no processo de alienação constitutiva. Sublinha a importância do processo de separação para a constituição do sujeito desejante. Apresenta as diferentes versões do sintoma em Freud e Lacan, assim como as funções do objeto a, destacando a função de nomeação do sinthoma como possibilidade de invenção de um Nome próprio para, com isso, apoiar-se sobre o que cada um é como objeto a, quando o sujeito descompleta o Outro, o universo simbólico, o universal / The idea that there is a malaise resulting from the pulsional resignation necessary for us to live with others has already been sustained by Freud in 1930. The novelty that the greatest malaise resides in the comsumption itself of goods brought by the culture is inaugurated by the capitalists discourse which is settled on the conviction that science makes everything we would have to know comprehensible, technoscience would make everything that we need and the market would give us access to everything that we lack. The subject questioned by this discourse, although being constituted as an effect of the signifying articulation, believes to engender himself and to be able to be complete with this triple everything. He is seduced by the promise of being able to be complete with the object, if not with this present one, with the next object obtained, transforming himself into an individual completed by jouissance. He remains adrift, wandering from object to object, unless he is able to link the object that causes the desire to the chosen objects. This work represents the birth of the subject, the passage from the night of the world to the symbolic domain, as well as each ones entrance into the language from the first Others in the process of constitutive alienation. It stresses the importance of the separation process for the constitution of the desiring subject. It presents the different versions of the symptom in Freud and Lacan, as well as the functions of object a, when the subject discompletes the Other, the symbolic universe, the universal
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Energia do estado fundamental de modelo de Heisenberg para cadeias de spin com ligações alternadas e com defeitos locais / Not availableFavaro, Ana Paula 26 February 2007 (has links)
Estudamos modelos de materiais magnéticos não uniformes, ou seja, sem simetria translacional. Esta simetria pode ser quebrada pela bordas do sistema, e pela presença de impurezas ou defeitos, ou reduzida por modulações periódicas nas ligações. Como ferramenta nessas investigações utilizamos a formulação da Teoria do Funcional da Densidade para o modelo de Heisenberg. Baseados nos conceitos dessa formulação, propomos a aproximação de ligação local. com o intuito de prover uma forma viável para calcular a energia do estado fundamental de uma cadeia de spins com defeitos ou com modulações nas ligações. Submetemos os funcionais gerados pela aproximação de ligação local a testes de verificação, variando as condições de contorno. a dimensionalidade. e as parametrizações do sistema homogêneo. Com auxílio da aproximação proposta foi possível estudar como a energia do estado fundamental se comporta diante de hordas. e de defeitos locais ferromagnéticos e antiferromagnéticos. Verificamos a existência de urna lei de escala nas cadeias alternadas, e analisamos a dimerização de urna cadeia com modulações FM-AFM. Por Último, estudamos o comportamento crítico de uma cadeia alternada AFM-AFM no limite em que se torna homogênea, com o intuito de verificar conjecturas sobre este comportamento apresentadas recentemente na literatura / We investigate models of spatially inhomogeneous magnetic materials. Translational invariance is broken due to the presence of boundaries, impurities or defects, or reduced by periodic modulation of the bonds between neighbouring sites. As computational tool, we use density-functional theory, in its recently proposed formulation for inhomogeneous Heisenberg models. We use concepts of this formulation to propose a local approximation for the ground-state energy of Heisenberg models with nonuniform distribution of exchange couplings J. This local-bond approximation(LBA) is tested in diverse circumstances, by varying boundary conditions, dimensionality, and parametrizations of the uniform reference system. As a result, we obtain a clear picture of when and how local approximations can be used to calculate the energy of Heisenberg models with defects or with periodic modulations. Based on this knowledge, we verify the existence of a scaling law in modulated spin chain, and analyse the dimerization of a chains. that alternates FM and AFM couplings. Finally, we investigate the critical behavior or chains alternating two types of AFM couplings, in the limit in which they approach homogeneous chains
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Tratamento de superfície e adesão em materiais vitrocerâmicos experimentais para aplicação odontológica / Surface treatment and bonding in experimental glass-ceramic materials for dental applicationAndrade, Gustavo Henrique Barbosa de 03 September 2015 (has links)
Materiais cerâmicos têm sido utilizados rotineiramente na clínica restauradora. A capacidade de adesão à sistemas adesivos de cimentação é um dos fatores críticos para o sucesso clínico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades de adesão à um sistema de cimentação adesiva de dois materiais vitrocerâmicos experimentais, sendo um reforçado por dissilicato de lítio (D) e outro por metassilicato de lítio (M) para aplicação odontológica. Para tal, objetivou-se determinar a influência de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na resistência de união a um sistema de cimentação adesiva através de ensaios de microtração e caracterizar as alterações morfológicas decorrentes dos diferentes tratamentos de superfície testados. Três tratamentos de superfícies para cada material experimental foram selecionados: 1- jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 (J), 2- ataque ácido com ácido hidrofluorídrico a 10% por 20 segundos (20) e 3- ataque ácido com ácido hidrofluorídrico a 10% por 60 segundos (60). Um grupo do material comercial IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent) foi utilizado como controle, seguindo as instruções do fabricante para o tratamento de superfície. As alterações morfológicas na superfície das cerâmicas foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e demonstraram que os materiais experimentais são ácido sensíveis e sofreram modificações topográficas com o jateamento. Para os ensaios de microtração, os blocos das cerâmicas experimental e comercial tiveram suas superfícies condicionadas e silanizadas com o Agente Silano Relyx Ceramic Primer (3M ESPE), e posteriormente foram cimentados a blocos de resina composta Filtek Z100 (3M ESPE) com o cimento resinoso RelyX ARC (3M ESPE). Tais conjuntos foram seccionados, originando espécimes em forma de palito, com 1mm2 de área de secção transversal e submetidos ao ensaio de microtração. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste de O teste utilizado foi o de Análise de Variância a um critério (One-Way ANOVA), adotando nível de significância de α=5%, O teste de Bonferroni foi utilizado para comparações múltiplas, demonstrando que os grupos D20 e M60 apresentaram melhores resultados de resistência de união. D20 não apresentou diferença estatística em relação ao grupo controle e M60 demonstrou resistência de união significantemente maior que o material comercial do grupo controle; levando, portanto, à conclusão de que os materiais experimentais testados apresentam características adequadas de adesão ao sistema de cimentação adesiva utilizado. / Ceramic materials have been routinely used in restorative clinic. The adhesion capacity to adhesive cementation systems is a critical factor for clinical success. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the adhesion properties to an adhesive cementation system of two experimental vitroceramic materials, a reinforced by lithium dissilicate (D) and another by lithium metasilicate (M) for dental application. For this purpose, the objective was to determine the influence of different surface treatments on bond strength to an adhesive cementation system through microtensile tests and characterize morphological changes resulting from the different surface treatments tested. Three surface treatments for each experimental material were selected: 1- blasting with Al2O3 particles (J), 2- etching with hydrofluoric acid 10% by 20 seconds (20) and 3- etching with hydrofluoric acid 10% for 60 seconds (60). A group of the commercial material, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent) was used as control, following the manufacturer\'s instructions for surface treatment. Morphological changes on the surface of the ceramics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and demonstrated that experimental materials are acid sensitive and suffered topographical changes with the blasting. For the microtensile tests, the blocks of experimental and commercial ceramics had their surfaces conditioned and silanized with Silane agent Relyx Ceramic Primer (3M ESPE), and then they were cemented to resin composite blocks (Z100 Filtek blocks - 3M ESPE) with the resin cement, RelyX ARC (3 m ESPE). These sets were sectioned, resulting in stick-shaped specimens, with 1 mm2 cross sectional area and submitted to the microtensile tests. The test used was the analysis of variance to a criterion (One-Way ANOVA), adopting a significance level of α = 5%, the Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons, demonstrating that the D20 and M60 showed best results of bond strength. D20 showed no statistical difference in relation to the control group and M60 demonstrated significantly bond streght better than the commercial material of the control group; leading to the conclusion that the experimental material tested has appropriate characteristics of adhesion to the cementation system used.
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Reconhecimento do vínculo empregatício para o trabalho da prostituta / Recognizing the employment bond for prostitutes labor.Lacerda, Rosangela Rodrigues Dias de 25 March 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objeto a possibilidade de reconhecimento do vínculo laboral para o trabalho da prostituta, sendo sufragada a tese de que o objeto contratual, na prestação de serviços sexuais, é lícito e, por conseguinte, há a possibilidade, se presentes a onerosidade, permanência, pessoalidade e subordinação, de reconhecimento do vínculo empregatício para o trabalho da prostituta. A tese, portanto, é de que a prostituta faz jus ao pagamento de todas as verbas trabalhistas previstas na legislação laboral, tais como décimo terceiro salário, férias acrescidas de um terço, horas extraordinárias, adicional noturno, Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço, dentre tantos outros direitos, como qualquer outro trabalhador subordinado. Além disto, será ainda destinatária de políticas públicas que visem assegurar um meio ambiente de trabalho hígido e seguro, devendo ser observadas as Normas Regulamentadoras expedidas pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, bem como outras normas de medicina, saúde e segurança do trabalho que vierem a ser editadas. Conquanto o presente trabalho se refira em inúmeras oportunidades apenas às prostitutas, utilizando o substantivo no feminino, em verdade são abrangidos os exercentes da atividade de ambos os sexos, sem qualquer distinção, desde que exerçam a profissão voluntariamente e sejam maiores de dezoito anos. As metodologias utilizadas, precipuamente, foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. A pesquisa bibliográfica envolveu a busca de livros, monografias, teses, dissertações, artigos pulicados em revistas especializadas, jornais e revistas, e teve a precaução de incluir os fundamentos das vertentes contrárias, em busca dos alicerces para firmar o novo entendimento sobre o tema, especialmente quanto à possibilidade de reconhecimento do vínculo empregatício para o trabalho da prostituta. / This research is about the possibility of recognizing the employment bond for prostitutes labor, after covering the theory that defends the contractual object, on provision of sexual services, is lawful and if exists burden, permanence, personality and subordination, the employment bond of prostitutes can be recognized. This theory says that prostitute is entitled to be paid for all the payroll amounts provided on labor legislation as extra month salary, holiday plus a third, overtime, additional nightly working time, Time of Service Guarantee Fund (FGTS), between other rights that any other subordinate employee has. Furthermore, public policies aimed at ensuring a working environment healthy and with insurance (Regulatory Standards issued by the Ministry of Labor and Employment should be observed, as well as other rules of medicine, health and safety that may be published) will be addressed to this employment bond. Although this work refers the word prostitute in a female way, in fact it refers both sexes without distinction, as far as they are engaged in that occupation voluntarily and are over 18 (eighteen) years. The methodologies used on this paper are literature and documentary research. The literature review involved a search of books, monographs, theses, dissertations, articles published in professional journals, newspapers and magazines. This work has been made with care and including the fundamentals of contrary theories, looking for the foundations to start a new view of the subject, especially regarding recognition of the mentioned employment bond of prostitutes.
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