Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pre-cast sections have the advantages of structural efficiency, better quality control and less construction time, which enable them to be widely used in building structures. The connections of pre-cast buildings play a vital role for the stability and strength of structures. Nowadays, more attention is drawn to the aesthetical appearance of building structures, especially by architects. The Hidden Corbel Connection (HCC) was then developed to make the building structures stable and aesthetically pleasing. A modified HCC was designed and investigated in this study. Amongst all the mechanisms in the connection zone, the mechanism of the end anchorage length of tension reinforcement plays a key role in the economy of the connection and is hence further investigated. In order to investigate whether the end anchorage length of tension reinforcement can be reduced for a simply supported beam, a 2D non-linear finite element model is used to analyze the stress distribution inside the connection zone. Based on the stress distribution in the connection zone, the tensile force was calculated at the face of the support, which directly correlates to the required end anchorage length of tension reinforcement. The confinement in the connection zone increases the bond stress, which in turn reduces the required anchorage length of tension reinforcement. Therefore, a 3D model is used to analyze the region inside the modified HCC to find the position of the best confinement. By comparing the finite element (FE) results with Eurocode 2 (2004), and SABS 0100-1 (2000), it is demonstrated that the FE results require the shortest anchorage length, while the longest anchorage length is specified in SABS 0100-1 (2000). Based on the comparison between the FE results and the design codes, a laboratory experiment was then performed to determine if the end anchorage length of tension reinforcement can be reduced. Four beams with different support conditions and with different end anchorage length of tension reinforcement were tested. The results of the laboratory experiment indicate that the end anchorage length for simply supported beams can be shortened from the specification of SABS 0100-1 (2000).

Esta pesquisa propõe-se estudar a viabilidade de um ensaio de aderência aço-concreto apropriado (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) para estimativa da resistência à compressão axial do concreto, objetivando empregá-lo como complemento ao controle de qualidade do concreto armado em campo. Originalmente os autores Lorrain e Barbosa (2008) apresentaram a utilização de um ensaio de aderência apropriado, denominado APULOT, para estimar a resistência à compressão do concreto, aumentando as possibilidades de controle tecnológico do concreto armado em canteiros de obras. Os mesmos propõem uma adaptação do método pull-out test (POT) tradicional, normalizado pela RILEM CEB/FIP RC6:1983, por ser este um ensaio de baixa complexidade e de custo reduzido. Para viabilizar o uso de um ensaio de aderência apropriado como ensaio de controle tecnológico do concreto em canteiro de obras é necessário definir um padrão para o mesmo e adaptá-lo da prática experimental do laboratório para o campo. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os seguintes parâmetros: (1) Tipo de carregamento do ensaio (pull-out e push-in); (2) Influência do tipo de configuração geométrica das barras de aço; (3) Análises da preparação, moldagem, cura e estocagem dos corpos de prova do ABT; (4) Análises quanto à execução do ABT referentes à idade de ruptura, taxa de carregamento e tipo de ruptura; (5) Implementação do ABT em canteiro de obras, avaliando a sua potencialidade de efetuar estimativas da resistência à compressão a partir dos dados da tensão de aderência. Para tanto, foram ensaiadas 26 composições de concreto de classes distintas, com idades entre 3 e 28 dias. Foram, ainda, testadas 8 configurações distintas de barras de aço com diâmetros nominais de 8 e 12,5 mm. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, sob condições padronizadas de ensaio e adotando os coeficientes adequados, a correlação entre a tensão máxima de aderência e a resistência à compressão do concreto é satisfatória, fortalecendo o propósito de consolidar este ensaio como uma alternativa complementar para controle de qualidade do concreto armado. / This research proposes a study on the feasibility of bond test steel-concrete appropriate (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) to estimate the compressive strength of concrete, aiming to use them as a supplement in the quality control of concrete in situ. Originally the authors Lorrain and Barbosa (2008) proposed the use of a modified bond test, called APULOT to estimate the compressive strength of the concrete, increasing the possibilities for technological control of reinforced concrete on construction sites. They propose an adaptation of the traditional method pull-out test (POT), normalized by the CEB / FIP RC6: 1983, because it is a test of low complexity and low cost. To enable the use of the test as a test technological control of concrete in construction site is necessary to define a standard for yourself and adapt it practice experimental laboratory to the field. This study evaluated the following parameters: (1) Type of load test (pull-out and push-in); (2) Influence of the type of geometric configuration of steel bar; (3) Analyses of preparation, molding, curing and storage of specimens of ABT; (4) Review of the implementation of ABT on age rupture, loading rate and type of fracture; (5) Implementation of ABT in construction site, evaluating its potential to make estimates of compressive strength from the data of bond stress. Therefore, 26 different compositions of concrete classes, aged between 3 and 28 days, were tested. Were also tested 8 different configurations of steel bars with nominal diameters of 8 and 12.5 mm. The results indicate that, under standard testing and adopting the appropriate coefficients conditions, the correlation between the maximum bond stress and the compressive strength of concrete is satisfactory, strengthening the purpose of consolidating this test as a complementary alternative to quality control reinforced concrete.

Esta pesquisa propõe-se estudar a viabilidade de um ensaio de aderência aço-concreto apropriado (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) para estimativa da resistência à compressão axial do concreto, objetivando empregá-lo como complemento ao controle de qualidade do concreto armado em campo. Originalmente os autores Lorrain e Barbosa (2008) apresentaram a utilização de um ensaio de aderência apropriado, denominado APULOT, para estimar a resistência à compressão do concreto, aumentando as possibilidades de controle tecnológico do concreto armado em canteiros de obras. Os mesmos propõem uma adaptação do método pull-out test (POT) tradicional, normalizado pela RILEM CEB/FIP RC6:1983, por ser este um ensaio de baixa complexidade e de custo reduzido. Para viabilizar o uso de um ensaio de aderência apropriado como ensaio de controle tecnológico do concreto em canteiro de obras é necessário definir um padrão para o mesmo e adaptá-lo da prática experimental do laboratório para o campo. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os seguintes parâmetros: (1) Tipo de carregamento do ensaio (pull-out e push-in); (2) Influência do tipo de configuração geométrica das barras de aço; (3) Análises da preparação, moldagem, cura e estocagem dos corpos de prova do ABT; (4) Análises quanto à execução do ABT referentes à idade de ruptura, taxa de carregamento e tipo de ruptura; (5) Implementação do ABT em canteiro de obras, avaliando a sua potencialidade de efetuar estimativas da resistência à compressão a partir dos dados da tensão de aderência. Para tanto, foram ensaiadas 26 composições de concreto de classes distintas, com idades entre 3 e 28 dias. Foram, ainda, testadas 8 configurações distintas de barras de aço com diâmetros nominais de 8 e 12,5 mm. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, sob condições padronizadas de ensaio e adotando os coeficientes adequados, a correlação entre a tensão máxima de aderência e a resistência à compressão do concreto é satisfatória, fortalecendo o propósito de consolidar este ensaio como uma alternativa complementar para controle de qualidade do concreto armado. / This research proposes a study on the feasibility of bond test steel-concrete appropriate (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) to estimate the compressive strength of concrete, aiming to use them as a supplement in the quality control of concrete in situ. Originally the authors Lorrain and Barbosa (2008) proposed the use of a modified bond test, called APULOT to estimate the compressive strength of the concrete, increasing the possibilities for technological control of reinforced concrete on construction sites. They propose an adaptation of the traditional method pull-out test (POT), normalized by the CEB / FIP RC6: 1983, because it is a test of low complexity and low cost. To enable the use of the test as a test technological control of concrete in construction site is necessary to define a standard for yourself and adapt it practice experimental laboratory to the field. This study evaluated the following parameters: (1) Type of load test (pull-out and push-in); (2) Influence of the type of geometric configuration of steel bar; (3) Analyses of preparation, molding, curing and storage of specimens of ABT; (4) Review of the implementation of ABT on age rupture, loading rate and type of fracture; (5) Implementation of ABT in construction site, evaluating its potential to make estimates of compressive strength from the data of bond stress. Therefore, 26 different compositions of concrete classes, aged between 3 and 28 days, were tested. Were also tested 8 different configurations of steel bars with nominal diameters of 8 and 12.5 mm. The results indicate that, under standard testing and adopting the appropriate coefficients conditions, the correlation between the maximum bond stress and the compressive strength of concrete is satisfactory, strengthening the purpose of consolidating this test as a complementary alternative to quality control reinforced concrete.

Esta pesquisa propõe-se estudar a viabilidade de um ensaio de aderência aço-concreto apropriado (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) para estimativa da resistência à compressão axial do concreto, objetivando empregá-lo como complemento ao controle de qualidade do concreto armado em campo. Originalmente os autores Lorrain e Barbosa (2008) apresentaram a utilização de um ensaio de aderência apropriado, denominado APULOT, para estimar a resistência à compressão do concreto, aumentando as possibilidades de controle tecnológico do concreto armado em canteiros de obras. Os mesmos propõem uma adaptação do método pull-out test (POT) tradicional, normalizado pela RILEM CEB/FIP RC6:1983, por ser este um ensaio de baixa complexidade e de custo reduzido. Para viabilizar o uso de um ensaio de aderência apropriado como ensaio de controle tecnológico do concreto em canteiro de obras é necessário definir um padrão para o mesmo e adaptá-lo da prática experimental do laboratório para o campo. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os seguintes parâmetros: (1) Tipo de carregamento do ensaio (pull-out e push-in); (2) Influência do tipo de configuração geométrica das barras de aço; (3) Análises da preparação, moldagem, cura e estocagem dos corpos de prova do ABT; (4) Análises quanto à execução do ABT referentes à idade de ruptura, taxa de carregamento e tipo de ruptura; (5) Implementação do ABT em canteiro de obras, avaliando a sua potencialidade de efetuar estimativas da resistência à compressão a partir dos dados da tensão de aderência. Para tanto, foram ensaiadas 26 composições de concreto de classes distintas, com idades entre 3 e 28 dias. Foram, ainda, testadas 8 configurações distintas de barras de aço com diâmetros nominais de 8 e 12,5 mm. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, sob condições padronizadas de ensaio e adotando os coeficientes adequados, a correlação entre a tensão máxima de aderência e a resistência à compressão do concreto é satisfatória, fortalecendo o propósito de consolidar este ensaio como uma alternativa complementar para controle de qualidade do concreto armado. / This research proposes a study on the feasibility of bond test steel-concrete appropriate (Appropriate Bond Test - ABT) to estimate the compressive strength of concrete, aiming to use them as a supplement in the quality control of concrete in situ. Originally the authors Lorrain and Barbosa (2008) proposed the use of a modified bond test, called APULOT to estimate the compressive strength of the concrete, increasing the possibilities for technological control of reinforced concrete on construction sites. They propose an adaptation of the traditional method pull-out test (POT), normalized by the CEB / FIP RC6: 1983, because it is a test of low complexity and low cost. To enable the use of the test as a test technological control of concrete in construction site is necessary to define a standard for yourself and adapt it practice experimental laboratory to the field. This study evaluated the following parameters: (1) Type of load test (pull-out and push-in); (2) Influence of the type of geometric configuration of steel bar; (3) Analyses of preparation, molding, curing and storage of specimens of ABT; (4) Review of the implementation of ABT on age rupture, loading rate and type of fracture; (5) Implementation of ABT in construction site, evaluating its potential to make estimates of compressive strength from the data of bond stress. Therefore, 26 different compositions of concrete classes, aged between 3 and 28 days, were tested. Were also tested 8 different configurations of steel bars with nominal diameters of 8 and 12.5 mm. The results indicate that, under standard testing and adopting the appropriate coefficients conditions, the correlation between the maximum bond stress and the compressive strength of concrete is satisfactory, strengthening the purpose of consolidating this test as a complementary alternative to quality control reinforced concrete.

Orientador: Aloisio Ernesto Assan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T14:51:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinsNeto_Joaquim_D.pdf: 2657521 bytes, checksum: 0ec05538330e19307c02836f16d53382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho são estudados os aspectos das propriedades do concreto, das propriedades do aço e das interações entre eles, com particular interesse na deterioração da aderência que ocorre na interface aço-concreto, para a análise numérica de estruturas de concreto armado. O objetivo principal é o desenvolvimento de uma modelagem numérica capaz de investigar, de forma mais realista, o comportamento de vigas de concreto armado, considerando a não-linearidade física dos materiais e os efeitos do deslizamento entre a armadura de aço e o concreto. Com o Método dos Elementos Finitos e com um procedimento incremental-iterativo de carregamento, os comportamentos dos materiais puderam ser facilmente representados na modelagem numérica computacional, possibilitando o uso de diferentes curvas representativas das tensões de aderência que se opõem ao deslizamento da armadura. A análise crítica foi feita comparando, através de exemplos numéricos, a modelagem numérica desenvolvida neste trabalho com outras encontradas na literatura e com ensaios experimentais, mostrando os excelentes resultados e a eficiência da proposta aqui apresentada / Abstract: In this work aspects of the properties of the concrete, steel and the interaction between them, with particular interest in the deterioration of the bond that occurs in the steel-concrete interface that are necessary to the numerical analysis of reinforced concrete structures are studied. The main aim of this research is the development of a numerical model to simulate the reinforced concrete beams behavior, considering the nonlinear material and the effects of the slip between the reinforcement steel and the concrete. With the Finite Element Method and increment-iterative techniques, the behavior of the materials could be easily represented in the computational numerical model proposed, allowing the use of curves based on the stages of relationship between the local bond stress and the relative slip of the bar. The critical analysis have been done comparing the numerical model developed in this work with other numerical models and with experimental works, showing excellent results and very good efficiency of the present proposal / Doutorado / Estruturas / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

<p>Twelve large-scale reinforced concrete (RC) specimens were tested at Purdue University’s Bowen Laboratory to evaluate the deformability of structural walls with longitudinal lap splices at their bases. Eight specimens were tested under four-point bending and four specimens were tested as cantilevers under constant axial force and cyclic reversals of lateral displacement. All specimens failed abruptly by disintegration of the lap splice, irrespective of what loading method was used or what splice details were chosen. Previous work on lap splices has focused mainly on splice strength. But, in consideration of demands requiring structural toughness (e.g. blast, earthquake, differential settlement), deformability is arguably more important than strength. </p> <p>Approximations of wall drift-strain relationships are presented in combination with estimates of splice strength and deformability to provide lower-bound drift capacity estimates for RC walls with lap splices at their bases. Deformations in slender structural walls (with aspect ratios larger than 3) are controlled by flexure. Shear deformations must be considered for walls with smaller aspect ratios. For slender walls with lap splices comparable to those tested, the observations collected suggest that drift capacities can be as low as 0.5%. That is: splices with minimum concrete cover, minimum transverse reinforcement (0.25% transverse reinforcement ratio) terminating in hooks, and lap splice lengths selected to reach yielding in the spliced bars (approximately 60 bar diameters for splices of Grade-60 reinforcement) can fail as yield is reached or soon after. For splices of the same length, doubling the amount of hooked transverse reinforcement increases deformation capacity by nearly 50%. By maintaining the same transverse reinforcement ratio but confining splices with closed hoops (instead of hooks), deformation capacity nearly doubles. Increasing splice length increases the expected splice strength but also increases the strain required to reach the same drift ratio. </p> <p>Evidence from this and similar experimental programs suggests that lap splices with minimum cover and confined only by minimum transverse reinforcement terminating in hooks should not be used in critical sections of structural walls when toughness is required. To prevent abrupt failure during events that demand structural toughness, it is recommended that lap splices be shifted away from locations where yielding in structural walls is expected.</p>

No description available.

Die sichere Einleitung und Übertragung der wirkenden Kräfte ist Bedingung für die Funktionsfähigkeit und die vollständige Ausnutzung der Tragfähigkeit von Textilbetonbauteilen und -verstärkungsschichten. So kann es bei ungünstiger Konfiguration und Anordnung der Einzelkomponenten des Verbundbaustoffes zur Ausbildung einer Vielzahl verschiedener Verbundversagensformen kommen. Diese umfassen neben der Bildung von verbundschädigenden Delaminations- und Spaltrissen lokale Abplatzungen der Betondeckung oder einen vorzeitigen Auszug der Garne aus dem Beton. Besonders beansprucht sind in diesem Zusammenhang die bei einer Anwendung von Textilbeton erforderlichen Endverankerungs- und Stoßbereiche der textilen Bewehrungen. Zur sicheren Ausbildung und Bemessung dieser wichtigen Detailpunkte liegen jedoch momentan noch keine umfassenden und zusammenhängenden Untersuchungen vor. Hauptziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war daher eine systematische Erforschung und Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens von Textilbeton in Endverankerungs- und Übergreifungsbereichen. Eine funktionierende und schädigungsfreie Verbundkraftübertragung bildet die Grundlage für die sichere Lasteinleitung und -übertragung. Daher wurden im ersten Teil der Arbeit ausführliche Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung der zwischen Bewehrungstextil und Feinbetonmatrix wirkenden Kräfte und -mechanismen durchgeführt. Nach der Entwicklung eines geeigneten Versuchsaufbaus erfolgten umfangreiche Parametervariationen zur experimentellen Überprüfung des textilspezifischen Verbundverhaltens. Den Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen bildete die Identifikation und Bewertung der aus verschiedenen Verarbeitungsparametern der textilen Bewehrungen resultierenden Verbundeinflüsse. Die Versuchsergebnisse ermöglichen die Bestimmung der zugehörigen Verbundspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehungen (VSB) mithilfe eines erarbeiteten Modellierungsverfahrens. Die so ermittelten Verbundkennwerte bilden die Grundlage für die weiteren rechnerischen Untersuchungen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit erfolgten Forschungen zum Tragverhalten von Endverankerungsbereichen. Hierbei stand der im Regelfall bemessungsrelevante Grenzzustand eines vorzeitigen Auszuges der Textilien aus der Betonmatrix im Mittelpunkt. Die Arbeiten umfassten experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zur Beschreibung der Kraftübertragung. Aufbauend auf die ermittelten Verbundkennwerte wird ein unabhängiger analytischer Auswertealgorithmus zur Beschreibung des Verbundtragverhaltens in Endverankerungsbereichen dargestellt. Dieser ermöglicht eine detaillierte rechnerische Bestimmung der erforderlichen Endverankerungslängen von Textilbeton in Abhängigkeit konkreter bzw. untersuchter Bewehrungstextilien. Den dritten Forschungsschwerpunkt bildeten Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Übergreifungsstößen in Textilbetonbauteilen. Mithilfe von umfassenden experimentellen und theoretischen Analysen an unterschiedlich konfigurierten und bewehrten Textilbetonen konnten die maßgebenden Versagensmechanismen untersucht und grundlegende Vorgaben für die Bemessung und Ausführung der Übergreifungsbereiche abgeleitet werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden anhand von großformatigen Bauteilversuchen mit entsprechend konstruierten Übergreifungsstößen bestätigt. Zum Abschluss wird ein vereinfachtes Ingenieurmodell vorgestellt. Dieses erlaubt eine allgemeingültige und hinreichend genaue Bemessung der untersuchten Detailpunkte unter Beachtung der maßgebenden Grenzzustände. / The safe introduction and transmission of forces is a requirement for the workability as well as the possibility to make full use of the load bearing capacities of components and strengthening layers made of textile reinforced concrete. Accordingly, an unfavourable configuration and arrangement of the composite material’s individual components can lead to various modes of bond failure. These can result from the formation of bond damaging delamination cracks and longitudinal matrix splitting, local spalling of the concrete layer in the outer reinforcement layers or early yarn pull-out from the concrete. In this context, the areas of end anchorage and lap joints of the textile reinforcement, which cannot be avoided when using textile reinforced concrete, are particularly prone to failure. However, no comprehensive and coherent investigations regarding the safe configuration and dimensioning of these essential details are available yet. Consequently, systematic research into textile reinforced concrete’s load-bearing behaviour in the areas of end anchorage and lap joints and the subsequent description was the main goal of this dissertation. A working and damage-free transmission of bond force is the basis for a faultless load transmission and introduction. As a result, extensive tests concerning the characterization of the mechanisms and forces acting between reinforcing textile and fine grained concrete matrix were carried out as the first part of the investigations. After an appropriate test setup had been developed, a great variety of parameters was applied to experimentally examine the bond behaviour specific to the textile. The determination of the influencing factors resulting from various parameters in the textile reinforcement’s processing was a focus in the research. Based on a specifically developed modelling technique, the test results could be used to calculate the corresponding bond stress-slip-relation. The bond parameters, which were determined like this, served as the basis for the following calculations. The second part of the investigations was concerned with the load-bearing behaviour in end anchorage areas. In this case, the limit state of a yarn pull-out from the concrete matrix, which is usually essential for the dimensioning, was at the centre of attention. The investigations encompassed experimental and theoretical tests regarding the description of the force transmission. Based on the determined compound parameters, an independent analytic evaluation algorithm, which served to describe the load carrying behaviour of the bond in the end anchorage area, was presented. Through this algorithm, the detailed calculation of the required end anchorage lengths of textile reinforced concrete depending on the specific reinforcement textile was possible. The third research focus was on tests regarding the load-bearing behaviour of lap joints in textile reinforced concrete components. With the help of comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses of variously configured and reinforced textile reinforced concretes, the decisive failure mechanisms were examined. Furthermore, fundamental demands for the dimensioning and execution of the lap joint areas could be derived. The findings were confirmed through tests on large-sized building components with corresponding lap joints. At the end of the investigations, a simplified engineering model is presented. This model makes a universally valid and exact dimensioning of the examined details possible while also paying attention to the decisive limit states.

Der Verbundwerkstoff Stahlbeton zeichnet sich durch das effektive Zusammenwirken seiner beiden Einzelkomponenten Stahl und Beton aus. Dieses wiederum kann nur durch ausreichend gute Verbundbedingungen zwischen beiden Baustoffen gewährleistet werden. Die Verbundeigenschaften werden von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst, zu denen u.a. die Oberflächenprofilierung des Stahls, die Betonfestigkeit und die Umschnürungswirkung durch den umgebenden Beton oder eine Querbewehrung zählen. Auch eine quer zum Stab angreifende Belastung kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Verbundmechanismus und die Verbundversagensart haben. Bei Stahlbetonbauteilen unter einer zweiaxialen Zugbelastung, wie sie z.B. in Behälterwänden oder zweiachsig gespannten Platten auftritt, unterliegt die Bewehrung sowohl einer Längszug- als auch einer Querzugbeanspruchung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss einer Querzugbelastung auf das Verbundverhalten zwischen Rippenstählen und Normalbeton mit Hilfe von würfelförmigen Ausziehkörpern mit einer kurzen Verbundlänge untersucht. Dabei lag das Querzugniveau stets unterhalb der Risslast des Betons, so dass keine Risse entlang des einbetonierten Stabes auftraten. Neben der Höhe der Querzugbelastung wurden im Versuchsprogramm die Betonfestigkeit, der Stabdurchmesser und die Betondeckung variiert. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich auch unter einer Querzugbelastung der Verlauf der Verbundspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehung nicht ändert. Die Art des Verbundversagens wird jedoch maßgeblich durch den Querzug beeinflusst, welcher ein Spaltbruchversagen in jedem Fall begünstigt. Mit steigendem Querzug tritt auch bei großen Betondeckungen statt eines Ausziehversagens ein Spaltbruchversagen ein. Mittels des vorgeschlagenen Berechnungsmodells können in Abhängigkeit des Querzugniveaus und der Größe der Betondeckung Grenzlinien für den Wechsel im Verbundversagensmodus bestimmt werden. Hierbei wurde ebenfalls der Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Versuchsergebnisse in die Berechnung einbezogen, so dass die angegebenen Grenzlinien auch für reale Einbettungslängen der Bewehrung gelten. Weiterhin wurde anhand der Versuchsdaten sowie eines Datensatzes aus der Literatur ein Verbundmodell für kurze Verbundlängen entwickelt, das den Einfluss der bezogenen Rippenfläche der Bewehrung und der Betonfestigkeit sowohl auf die Verbundspannungen als auch auf die zugehörigen Schlupfwerte berücksichtigt. Über einen zusätzlichen Datensatz zum Einfluss der Verbundlänge im Ausziehversuch konnte ebenfalls die Abhängigkeit zwischen den mittleren Verbundspannungen, den zugehörigen Schlupfwerten und der Verbundlänge spezifiziert werden. Somit ist eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse von Ausziehversuchen mit kurzen Verbundlängen auf eine reale Einbettungslänge im Bauteil möglich. Für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erfolgt die Ableitung geeigneter Verformungskriterien für die Relativverschiebung zwischen Betonstahl und Beton und deren Verifizierung an Versuchsdaten aus der Literatur. Die aufgestellten Verformungskriterien in Abhängigkeit der Stahlspannung erlauben eine direkte Ermittlung bemessungsrelevanter Verbundspannungen anhand experimenteller Ausziehversuche. Die Berücksichtigung einer Querzugbelastung ist dabei in allen vorgestellten Berechnungsansätzen ebenfalls möglich. / Reinforced concrete as composite material is characterised by an effective interaction of its individual components reinforcing steel and concrete. This only can be assured by adequate bond conditions between these two materials. The bond quality is influenced by a wide range of parameters, amongst others including the rib geometry of the bar, the concrete strength and the confining action by the surrounding concrete or transverse reinforcement. Moreover loads, which act transverse to the reinforcing bar, can influence the bond mechanism and the bond failure mode significantly. Reinforced concrete structures, such as containment walls or two-way slabs, are often exposed to multiaxial loading conditions. In case of biaxial tensile stresses, reinforcement and surrounding concrete are loaded in tension in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction. An extensive experimental program was carried out in order to investigate the bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and normal strength concrete due to transverse tension. Cubic-shaped pullout specimens with a short bond length were used. The transverse tension level remained always below the cracking stress of concrete, meaning that no crack occurred along the pullout bar. The test program contained the variation of the transverse tension level, the concrete strength, the bar diameter and the concrete cover. From the test results no systematic influence of the transverse tension level on the shape of the bond stress-slip-relationship can be detected. The bond failure mode is significantly influenced by transverse tension, which promotes splitting failure. The higher the transverse tension level, even for high concrete covers, splitting failure occurs instead of pulling out the bar. From the test results, a failure criterion depending on the concrete cover and the transverse tension level could be determined, which indicates the failure mode and corresponding bond stress. For this purpose, the influence of the specimen geometry on the test results was considered, which results in a failure criterion that is also valid for real embedment lengths of the reinforcement. Furthermore, a bond model for short bond lengths has been developed, based on the test results and a dataset from literature. The model considers the influence of the related rib area of the reinforcing bar and the concrete strength on the bond stresses as well as on the corresponding slip values. By an additional dataset concerning the influence of bond length in pullout tests, the bond stresses and corresponding slip values could be specified as a function of the bond length. Therefore, the test results of pullout test with short bond lengths are transferable to real embedment lengths in structural elements. For the structural design of reinforced concrete elements in the ultimate and serviceability limit states, appli\\-cable deformation criterions concerning the relative displacement between reinforcing steel and concrete has been derived and verified by test data from literature. By means of the developed deformations criterions dependent on the steel stress, design bond stresses can be determined directly from experimental pullout tests. The consideration of transverse tensile loads is also possible for all presented design formulas.

Der Verbundwerkstoff Stahlbeton zeichnet sich durch das effektive Zusammenwirken seiner beiden Einzelkomponenten Stahl und Beton aus. Dieses wiederum kann nur durch ausreichend gute Verbundbedingungen zwischen beiden Baustoffen gewährleistet werden. Die Verbundeigenschaften werden von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst, zu denen u.a. die Oberflächenprofilierung des Stahls, die Betonfestigkeit und die Umschnürungswirkung durch den umgebenden Beton oder eine Querbewehrung zählen. Auch eine quer zum Stab angreifende Belastung kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Verbundmechanismus und die Verbundversagensart haben. Bei Stahlbetonbauteilen unter einer zweiaxialen Zugbelastung, wie sie z.B. in Behälterwänden oder zweiachsig gespannten Platten auftritt, unterliegt die Bewehrung sowohl einer Längszug- als auch einer Querzugbeanspruchung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss einer Querzugbelastung auf das Verbundverhalten zwischen Rippenstählen und Normalbeton mit Hilfe von würfelförmigen Ausziehkörpern mit einer kurzen Verbundlänge untersucht. Dabei lag das Querzugniveau stets unterhalb der Risslast des Betons, so dass keine Risse entlang des einbetonierten Stabes auftraten. Neben der Höhe der Querzugbelastung wurden im Versuchsprogramm die Betonfestigkeit, der Stabdurchmesser und die Betondeckung variiert. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich auch unter einer Querzugbelastung der Verlauf der Verbundspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehung nicht ändert. Die Art des Verbundversagens wird jedoch maßgeblich durch den Querzug beeinflusst, welcher ein Spaltbruchversagen in jedem Fall begünstigt. Mit steigendem Querzug tritt auch bei großen Betondeckungen statt eines Ausziehversagens ein Spaltbruchversagen ein. Mittels des vorgeschlagenen Berechnungsmodells können in Abhängigkeit des Querzugniveaus und der Größe der Betondeckung Grenzlinien für den Wechsel im Verbundversagensmodus bestimmt werden. Hierbei wurde ebenfalls der Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Versuchsergebnisse in die Berechnung einbezogen, so dass die angegebenen Grenzlinien auch für reale Einbettungslängen der Bewehrung gelten. Weiterhin wurde anhand der Versuchsdaten sowie eines Datensatzes aus der Literatur ein Verbundmodell für kurze Verbundlängen entwickelt, das den Einfluss der bezogenen Rippenfläche der Bewehrung und der Betonfestigkeit sowohl auf die Verbundspannungen als auch auf die zugehörigen Schlupfwerte berücksichtigt. Über einen zusätzlichen Datensatz zum Einfluss der Verbundlänge im Ausziehversuch konnte ebenfalls die Abhängigkeit zwischen den mittleren Verbundspannungen, den zugehörigen Schlupfwerten und der Verbundlänge spezifiziert werden. Somit ist eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse von Ausziehversuchen mit kurzen Verbundlängen auf eine reale Einbettungslänge im Bauteil möglich. Für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erfolgt die Ableitung geeigneter Verformungskriterien für die Relativverschiebung zwischen Betonstahl und Beton und deren Verifizierung an Versuchsdaten aus der Literatur. Die aufgestellten Verformungskriterien in Abhängigkeit der Stahlspannung erlauben eine direkte Ermittlung bemessungsrelevanter Verbundspannungen anhand experimenteller Ausziehversuche. Die Berücksichtigung einer Querzugbelastung ist dabei in allen vorgestellten Berechnungsansätzen ebenfalls möglich. / Reinforced concrete as composite material is characterised by an effective interaction of its individual components reinforcing steel and concrete. This only can be assured by adequate bond conditions between these two materials. The bond quality is influenced by a wide range of parameters, amongst others including the rib geometry of the bar, the concrete strength and the confining action by the surrounding concrete or transverse reinforcement. Moreover loads, which act transverse to the reinforcing bar, can influence the bond mechanism and the bond failure mode significantly. Reinforced concrete structures, such as containment walls or two-way slabs, are often exposed to multiaxial loading conditions. In case of biaxial tensile stresses, reinforcement and surrounding concrete are loaded in tension in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction. An extensive experimental program was carried out in order to investigate the bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and normal strength concrete due to transverse tension. Cubic-shaped pullout specimens with a short bond length were used. The transverse tension level remained always below the cracking stress of concrete, meaning that no crack occurred along the pullout bar. The test program contained the variation of the transverse tension level, the concrete strength, the bar diameter and the concrete cover. From the test results no systematic influence of the transverse tension level on the shape of the bond stress-slip-relationship can be detected. The bond failure mode is significantly influenced by transverse tension, which promotes splitting failure. The higher the transverse tension level, even for high concrete covers, splitting failure occurs instead of pulling out the bar. From the test results, a failure criterion depending on the concrete cover and the transverse tension level could be determined, which indicates the failure mode and corresponding bond stress. For this purpose, the influence of the specimen geometry on the test results was considered, which results in a failure criterion that is also valid for real embedment lengths of the reinforcement. Furthermore, a bond model for short bond lengths has been developed, based on the test results and a dataset from literature. The model considers the influence of the related rib area of the reinforcing bar and the concrete strength on the bond stresses as well as on the corresponding slip values. By an additional dataset concerning the influence of bond length in pullout tests, the bond stresses and corresponding slip values could be specified as a function of the bond length. Therefore, the test results of pullout test with short bond lengths are transferable to real embedment lengths in structural elements. For the structural design of reinforced concrete elements in the ultimate and serviceability limit states, appli\\-cable deformation criterions concerning the relative displacement between reinforcing steel and concrete has been derived and verified by test data from literature. By means of the developed deformations criterions dependent on the steel stress, design bond stresses can be determined directly from experimental pullout tests. The consideration of transverse tensile loads is also possible for all presented design formulas.