The thesis is an inquiry into the nature of bondage and release in the Astavakragita. The focus in the first half of the thesis is upon to the practices of discrimination (viveka) and concentrative absorption (samadhi). In place of discrimination and concentrative absorption the Astavakragita offers naturalness (akrtrima) and spontaneity (yadrccha). The thesis argues that the be understood as a critique of Yogic and Advaitic soteriology as exemplified by texts such as the Vediintasara and Jivanmuktiviveka. The thesis then situates Astavakragita in a 'genre' of literature characterized by the repudiation and abandonment of 'means' to release: 'anarchic spirituality.· Finally, the appearance of Yogic and Advaitic soteriological language in the Astavakragita is accounted for by arguing that it is used to ironic effect by the text. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The purpose of this study is to hightlight experiences of living in a relationship where BDSM is being exercised. The acronym is an umbrella term for bondage/discipline, dominance/submission and sadomasochism. The study is based on qualitative interviews with five persons who define themselves as BDSM practitioners. The overall questions of this study are: How does the BDSM practice appear in everyday life? How did the practice start and how has it developed over time? What's included in the sexual BDSM practice? The empirical material has been analyzed with interactionism as the theoritical framework.The picture that emerges is complex. To define oneself as a BDSM practitioner might mean different things for different people where the extent of the practice, what it consists of and how integrated it is in the lives of people might vary from person to person. But despite differences there are also recurring, common patterns in the stories of the informants. All of them describe the practice in positive terms. To a great extent the practice has to do with sexuality where an explicit power exchange, an assuming of dominant and submissive roles and an everyday life filled with rituals, rules and agreements are described as being key elements. Punishment, in the form of physical pain or humiliation, is common when the rules are not obeyed. All the interviewees use safewords to make sure both are comfortable about what's happening. Some sort of tool is utilized by all. The most common are whips, bonds, chains and locks, paddles, clamps/clothespins, knives, butt plugs and ropes. There's an occupation among the informants to find and to form strategies to cope and to adapt the BDSM role to other roles and here the parental role is the most apparent. Also an ambition to create a balance between the personal norms and the norms of the BDSM culture and those of the overall society can be seen. The interviewees express a search for answers to why one practices BDSM. In this process they return to experiences, almost exclusively of a destructive nature, and they wonder if these experiences have affected their sexuality and their preference for BDSM. It's like this even if the common attitude in society actually has become more accepting, for example with the help of media, recent research and the fact that it's not anymore is considered being a disorder.

Global slavery includes human trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and organ trafficking. Despite its official abolishment within the international community, global slavery continues to thrive in many parts of the world. The various types of slavery do not restrain themselves in a mutual exclusive manner; rather, they transcend and merge to create inter-connectedness within the illegal world of slavery. For instance, a person that is trafficked for the purpose of labor -- domestic or forced -- can also become sexually exploited and prostituted. This thesis discusses the nature and scope of the different faces of contemporary slavery, including human trafficking, debt bondage, and the sex tourism industry. While pervasive worldwide, human trafficking remains a major problem, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, the former republics of the Soviet Union, and Asia. Higher levels of unemployment, the demand for "exotic" women and the existence of well-organized trafficking routes and international criminal organizations has led to the development of this slavery. In short, human trafficking is said to exist in virtually every country of the world. The abundance of beautiful beaches and resorts, as well as the supply of cheap women and children in Southeast Asia and Latin America has led to a thriving sex tourism industry. In Central Asia and Africa, a high demand for manual labor, as well as certain religious and cultural factors, has given rise to the largest type of slavery in the world: debt bondage. An empirical aggregate-level analysis using OLS regression is performed to examine why certain countries have more indigenous people (native to that country) who become enslaved than others. Overall, a lack of human development proves to be a major factor in determining the number of enslaved peoples across countries.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-187).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-187).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1463283 bytes, checksum: d2336e28ed67dce0a8c7f09a068ae981 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work intends to analyze the advertisements for slaves contained in Brazilian periodicals that circulated in the last decades of slavery. Through the ads will be possible to understand aspects of the social condition in which lived the captives and its forms of struggle and resistance. Initially, he has been trying to discuss the role of the press in the marketing of the slaves, as well as the economic, social and political changes that occurred in Paraiba during the period in question. This is because a large number of commercial transactions involving slaves was initiated through advertisements or in the newspaper where typography was printed. Then we tried to analyze the condition of captivity in which lived the captives, such as: housing, clothing, food, hygienic conditions and, since these factors were instrumental in the development of diseases and, consequently, the health problems. Finally, it was intended to be understood, in particular, the escape of slaves, ads to draw a profile of the captives who were fleeing and presents them not as victims or rebels, but as historical subjects who thought and acted by means of negotiations, struggles, conflicts and solidarity networks to survive before the complex world that was the captivity. / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar os anúncios referentes a escravos contidos nos periódicos paraibanos que circularam nas últimas décadas da escravidão. Através dos anúncios será possível compreender aspectos da condição social em que viviam os cativos e de suas formas de luta e resistência. Inicialmente, buscou-se discutir o papel da imprensa na comercialização dos escravos, como também as mudanças econômicas, sociais e políticas que ocorreram na Paraíba no período em questão. Isto porque, grande parte das transações comerciais que envolviam escravos era iniciada por meio dos anúncios ou na tipografia onde o jornal era impresso. Em seguida, procurou-se analisar a condição de cativeiro em que viviam os cativos, como: moradia, vestimentas, alimentação, condições higiênicas e de trabalho, já que esses fatores foram determinantes para o desenvolvimento das doenças e, consequentemente, os problemas de saúde. Finalmente, pretendeu-se compreender, particularmente, os anúncios de fuga de escravos, para, assim, traçar um perfil dos cativos que fugiam e apresenta-los não como vítimas ou rebeldes, mas como sujeitos históricos que pensavam e agiam por meio de negociações, lutas, conflitos e redes de solidariedade para sobreviverem diante do complexo mundo que foi o cativeiro.

GHOST TREE SOCIAL tells a coming out story of sorts. In terms of style, many of the poems are short, imagistic lyrics, though some are extended catalogues. Specific natural images—lakes, rivers, and snow—are often contrasted with cultural markers. The imagistic poems are thinking through the work of Sylvia Plath. The catalogue poems shift between diaristic, narrative, and critical modes, responding to the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop and the essays of Edouard Glissant. Voice-driven fragments disrupt the more traditional lyric poems. The fragments fall between formal lyrics like confetti from a gay club’s rafters; or the fragments hold the lyric poems in bondage. The lyric poem then re-signifies as form through resonances with the other discursive and poetic form of the fragment. Following critical writers such as Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde, the re-signification of lyric form reflects the need for new signs for self and community organized queerly as opposed to more typical binary categories—man or woman, living or dead, rich or poor, white or black—where the first term is privileged and the second term often denigrated.

This study analyzes two successful exhibitions on American slavery in the South: In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond, Virginia, 1790-1860 by the Valentine Museum and Before Freedom Came: African American Life in the Antebellum South by the Museum of the Confederacy. It puts the exhibitions in the context of the social history movement, and explains the difficulties exhibiting a sensitive topic. It examines the creation of the exhibitions, the controversies because of the subject, both real and potential, and the overwhelmingly positive reaction.

O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o caso da jovem Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, aliciada no Togo, em 1994, para prestar serviços na França como doméstica. Ao chegar no país foi submetida à servidão, impedida de completar os seus estudos e sem receber qualquer remuneração pelos serviços prestados, tampouco direitos laborais mínimos como o limite da jornada de trabalho diária, o descanso semanal remunerado e a habitação adequada lhe foram fornecidos. Trata-se de um leading case que aborda as práticas de tráfico humano, de trabalho forçado e de servidão doméstica. A escravidão contemporânea ocorre através do trabalho forçado, este se dividindo em espécies dentre as quais estão o trabalho escravo, a servidão e a servidão por dívida. Com quaisquer destas práticas pode ocorrer simultaneamente o tráfico de pessoas. A prática da escravidão doméstica, também chamada de servidão doméstica, inclui-se no rol de trabalhos forçados, verificando-se no caso concreto a qual das espécies de servidão pertence. Ocorre tanto em países ricos quanto em países emergentes e tem como grupo de pessoas mais vulnerável aos aliciadores as mulheres, os menores de idade, os migrantes, os pobres, os de baixa escolaridade. Normas internacionais laborais proíbem a escravidão contemporânea em todas as suas formas e obrigam os Estados a legislar a fim de coibir tenazmente em seu território tais condutas. Quando um Estado falha em prestar a necessária proteção ao trabalhador, não sendo possível a este se socorrer sequer no Poder Judiciário, pode a vítima pleitear alguma reparação nas Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. No caso ora analisado, as decisões das cortes nacionais francesas poderiam ter sido proferidas com base em normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho internalizadas pela França, bem como normas não ratificadas poderiam ter sido utilizadas em caráter interpretativo da vaga e escassa legislação pátria. Em âmbito internacional, o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos não é o único órgão dotado de capacidade punitiva, a própria Organização Internacional do Trabalho pode ser acionada por meio de reclamação ou queixa contra Estados Membros que ratificam normas e as descumprem ou negligenciam sua efetividade, podendo esta punição ser aplicada concomitantemente à proferida pela supracitada Corte. O estudo é dividido em três partes: a primeira aborda as especificidades do caso Siliadin, conceitos pertinentes aos fatos narrados, estudo do processo judicial em âmbito francês e análise da decisão do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos; a segunda analisa as normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho como normas de jus cogens laboral e núcleo duro de direito laboral, ressaltando como consequências à violação das referidas normas as reclamações e as queixas à Organização Internacional do Trabalho; a terceira analisa a incorporação e aplicação do direito internacional no âmbito interno dos Estados, frisando a possibilidade do emprego de normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho na solução do litígio entre Siliadin e os empregadores.O método utilizado no presente trabalho é o indutivo, bem como se valeu da análise de caso com base em normas específicas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre trabalho forçado (nº 29 e nº 105), discriminação (nº 100 e nº 111), trabalho doméstico (nº 189), trabalho infantojuvenil (nº 138 e nº 182) e trabalho do migrante (nº 143). Por fim, conclui-se pela necessária aplicação do direito internacional laboral na esfera processual interna dos Estados e a maior ingerência dos organismos internacionais trabalhistas a fim de garantir a efetividade das normas internacionais laborais. / This study aims to analyze the case of Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, a teenager enticed in the Togo, in 1994, into providing services as a domestic servant in France. Upon arriving in the country she was subjected to bondage, could not go to school and received neither payment for her services nor the minimum labor rights, such as limit to daily working hours, weekly paid rest and an adequate housing. It is a leading case which deals with human trafficking practices, forced labor and domestic servitude. Contemporary slavery takes place through forced labor, comprised into species among which are slave labor, servitude and debt bondage. With any of these practices trafficking of persons can occur simultaneously. The practice of domestic slavery, also called domestic servitude, is included in the list of forced labor, verifying to which species of bondage each case belongs. It occurs both in rich countries and emerging countries and the most vulnerable persons are women, minors, migrants, the poor, and the less educated. International labor standards prohibit contemporary slavery in all its forms and require states to legislate to curb such conduct tenaciously in their territory. When a state fails to provide the necessary protection to workers, not making possible for them even to seek help from the judiciary power, the victim can claim some compensation in the international human rights courts. In the case under analysis, the decisions of the French national courts could have been rendered based on standards of the International Labour Organization internalized by France, and unratified standards could have been used to interpret vague and scarce national legislation. Internationally, the European Court of Human Rights is not the only body with punitive capacity, the International Labour Organization itself can be activated by means of complaint or claim against member states that ratify standards and then violate or neglect their effectiveness, and this punishment may be applied simultaneously to that decided by the above cited court. The study is divided into three parts: the first one dealing with the specificities of the Siliadin case, concepts related to the facts narrated, the study of the judicial process in French courts and analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights; the second examining the norms of the International Labor Organization as labor jus cogens and labor law hard core, highlighting as consequences to the violation of these rules complaints and claims to the International Labor Organization; the third analyzing the incorporation and application of international law in the domestic sphere of the States, emphasizing the possibility of the use of International Labor Organization rules in resolving the dispute between Siliadin and the employers. The method used in this work is the inductive, and also the case analysis based on specific standards of the International Labour Organization on forced labor (no. 29 and no. 105), discrimination (no. 100 and no. 111), domestic service (no. 189), child labor (no. 138 and no. 182) and migrant labor (no. 143). Finally, it is concluded by the necessary application of international labor law in the domestic procedures of the States and the greater interference of international labor organizations in order to ensure the effectiveness of international labor standards.

No description available.