Dans le cadre de la déposition géologique profonde des déchets radioactifs, l'argile de Boom est choisie comme une des formations hôtes potentielles dans le programme belge. Par sa formation géologique, cette argile est considérée comme un matériau isotrope transversal. En effet, l'anisotropie de ses propriétés hydraulique et thermique a été mise en évidence dans plusieurs études. Il apparait maintenant nécessaire de mener une étude complète sur son comportement anisotrope. Sur le plan expérimental, l'anisotropie des propriétés thermo-hydro-mécaniques de l'argile de Boom a été mise en évidence à l'aide des mesures de la conductivité thermique, de la conductivité hydraulique, et du module de cisaillement. Grâce à ces mesures sur des carottes fraichement forées, l'endommagement dû à l'excavation de la galerie a été identifié (dans la zone près de la galerie « Connecting » à Mol, Belgique) et modélisé par un modèle empirique dont la variable d'endommagement est basée sur le volume des macro-pores. Ensuite, l'anisotropie du comportement en condition K0 a été étudiée en analysant le comportement de trois types d'éprouvettes différents (0°, 45° et 90° au plan du litage) pendant et après la re-saturation dans des cellules oedométriques et triaxiales à plusieurs états de contraintes différents. Enfin, le comportement anisotrope en condition triaxiale a été étudié en réalisant des essais triaxiaux sur trois types d'éprouvettes. Au cours de ces essais, les mesures des vitesses d'ondes Vs et Vp ont été également effectuées à l'aide des éléments piézoélectriques encastrés dans deux embases supérieure et inférieure d'une cellule triaxiale. Ces résultats ont permis de déterminer les paramètres de l'élasticité anisotrope. Sur le plan de modélisation, un modèle anisotrope avec huit paramètres anisotropes (cinq paramètres élastiques et trois paramètres plastiques) a été développé, en utilisant la théorie de Bohler (Boehler et Sawczuk, 1977). Ce modèle est basé sur un modèle élasto-plastique isotrope à deux surfaces de charge validé précédemment pour l'argile de Boom (Hong, 2013). La validation de ce modèle anisotrope a été réalisée grâce aux résultats expérimentaux des essais oedométriques et triaxiaux obtenus dans cette étude / In the program of deep geological radioactive waste disposal in Belgium, Boom Clay has been chosen as one of the potential host rocks. Due to the geological stratification, this stiff clay has been regarded as a transverse isotropic material. The anisotropy of its hydraulic and thermal properties was shown in several studies. It seems necessary now to conduct a more in-depth study on the anisotropic behaviour of Boom Clay. In terms of experimental works, the anisotropy of the thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of Boom Clay was evidenced using measurements of thermal conductivity, hydraulic conductivity and small-strain shear modulus. Through these measurements on freshly cored Boom Clay samples, the damage due to excavation of the gallery was identified (in the zone near the Connecting gallery at Mol, Belgium) and modelled using an empirical model in which the damage variable is based on the volume of macro-pores. Afterwards, the anisotropy behaviour under K0 condition was studied by analysing the behaviour of three types of specimens (0°, 45°, and 90° to the bedding plane) during and after the re-saturation in the triaxial and oedometer cells under different stress states. Finally, the anisotropic behaviour under triaxial condition was investigated through several triaxial tests on three types of specimens. During these tests, the velocity measurements of seismic waves Vs et Vp were performed thanks to the bender elements installed in the upper and bottom bases of a triaxial cell. These results were used to determine the parameters of anisotropic elasticity. In terms of modelling works, an anisotropic model with eight anisotropic parameters (fives elastic parameters and three plastic parameters) was developed using the theory of Boehler (Boehler et Sawczuk, 1977). This model is based on an elasto-plastic isotropic model with two yield surfaces elaborated previously for Boom Clay (Hong, 2013). The validation of this anisotropic model was made based on the results obtained from oedometer and triaxial tests performed in this study

The work will focus on the comparison of Maria Vargas Llosa's autobiographical novel Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter (La Tía Julia y el escribidor, 1977), where its one half tells a story of his marriage to his "aunt" and the other half presents fictional radio stories, and the autobiographical text What Varguitas didn't say (Lo que Varguitas no dijo, 1983), which is a response to this book, in which the author Julia Urquidi wrote her own version of the relationship with Mario Vargas Llosa. The work focuses on the differences between these two books, which tell the story of the same relationship, but from a different perspective. It will analyze the literary character of both works and with it the intention of both authors during the construction of their books. The work will analyze the composition, time, narrator and style of both books. Especially in the novel Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, it focuses on the author's play with autobiographical and fictional elements. The work tries to find an answer to the question of how much fiction can be combined with reality and to what extent it can be used in an autobiographical text and vice versa. The work also analyzes the text of Julia Urquidi and places it in the context of the work of Mario Vargas Llosa.

This master thesis aims to identify work-related factors making Belgian nurses consider leaving their job voluntary and to compare the work-related factors across different generations. The purpose of this master thesis has a descriptive nature of research. The research approach chosen is a deductive approach and the research design chosen is a quantitative research design. Cluster sampling in combination with simple random sampling was used as sampling technique. 128 nurses were surveyed from April to May 2016. Nurses who reported to leave the organization due to retirement reasons, temporary employment contract or maternity leave were excluded from the study as this study investigates the voluntary turnover intention. A total of 68 nurses were included in the study which indicates an overall response rate of 53 %. Numerous of the findings in this master thesis are consistent with previous studies on turnover intention of different generations in other western-countries than Belgium. The work-related factor workload was most often reported by Belgian nurses with no intention to leave their job. Belgian nurses with an intention to leave their job indicated most often the work-related factor (non-)financial benefits. The generation-specific findings indicated both similarities and differences between the work-related factors selected. It was observed that Baby Boomers with an intention to leave their job selected most often variables related to the work-related factors (non-)financial benefits, supportive organization and workload. The variable lack of recognition appeared among Baby Boomers with an intention and no intention to leave their job. Surprisingly was the often selected variables lack of direct and/clear feedback on performances and unsupportive supervisor among Baby Boomers with professional turnover intention. Further, it was observed that Generation Xers with an intention to leave their job selected most often variables related to the work-related factors supportive organization, communication, (non-)financial benefits, work content and workload. The variables inadequate opportunity for advancement/professional growth and imbalance work-life appeared among Generation Xers with an intention and no intention to leave their job. Generation Yers with an intention to leave their job selected most frequently variables related to the work-related factors (non-)financial benefits, workload and commitment. The variables inadequate salary and opportunities elsewhere appeared among nurses with an intention and no intention to leave their job. Surprisingly was the often selected variable inadequate salary among Generation Yers with professional turnover intention.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans un paradigme compréhensif et herméneutique et dans une démarche de recherche qualitative. Elle utilise l'autoethnographie comme méthodologie. L'autoethnographie cherche à comprendre une histoire singulière sociohistoriquement inscrite dans des contextes culturels déterminés L'autoethnographie est à la fois une méthode de recherche, un style d'écriture, une oeuvre et une aventure transformatrice à travers laquelle la chercheure devient le sujet de son histoire. Ici, c'est la vie et l'expérience de la chercheure qui constitue le corpus des données. L'autoethnographie offr une invitation sensible à créer une relation dynamique entre la personne qui raconte son histoire et ses lecteurs. C'est une approche originale, qui fait appel à la vulnérabilité, à la sincérité et à l'authenticité de la chercheure. Le style d'écriture vise à décrire, à montrer et invite à pénétrer la réalité de l'expérience plutôt qu'à théoriser, expliquer ou défendre des certitudes. Cette thèse dévoile la quête transpersonnelle du sujet-chercheure qui traverse une vie d'élève, de mère, d'enseignante, d'étudiante, de formatrice d'adultes et, enfin, d'enseignante en formation initiale à l'enseignement. Une quête vécue dans la culture de l'éducation et qui s'est actualisée à travers des moments clés où se joue, dans et pour la chercheure, une tension entre des approches éducatives centrées sur la personne et son potentiel, et d'autres approches centrées sur les instruments, les contenus et l'évaluation. Cette autoethnographie est présentée sous forme de vignettes qui offrnt au lecteur l'accès à des moments significatifs de vie. La production des données s'est faite à l'aide d'outils variés tels le journal de recherche, le récit de vie, des récits phénoménologiques, des photographies, des poésies, des extraits de travaux d'étudiantes, des documents et des articles. Ces données ont été analysées et interprétées de manière qualitative et en mode écriture en vue de permettre une meilleure compréhension de l'autrice et de sa praxis.

The dissertation examines how changes in the race, gender and age composition of poverty over the past twenty years are linked to the unique experiences of particular birth cohorts. Demographer Richard Easterlin argues that generations born between 1944 and 1963 (the 'baby boom') face exceptional labor market competition and economic vulnerability due to their large numbers. Extending this theory, the central question of the dissertation is: Have families headed by the baby boom generation been more likely to be poor in the 1970s and 1980s compared to families headed by generations born prior to the baby boom? The findings indicate that among whites, the answer is clearly 'yes.' For African Americans, the answer appears to be 'no.' Results consistently show that the risk of poverty has been increasing with each successive generation of white family born since 1944. On the other hand, there is no evidence that black families headed by an individual born during the baby boom are more likely to be poor than those headed by previous generations. For both races, however, the most striking finding concerns the generation which was born after the baby boom. White and black families headed by adults born since 1964 are more likely to be poor compared to families headed by the older generations. The cohort effects on poverty are net of family structure, age of the family head, and period. The effects also persist controlling for employment variables which reflect labor market competition. Hypotheses about demographic trends in poverty from 1967 to 1987 are tested using multivariate analyses of a cross-sectional dataset (the Current Population Survey) and a longitudinal dataset (the Panel Study of Income Dynamics). Log-linear analyses of the Current Population Survey decompose the effects of family structure, age, period and cohort on poverty for all families as well as families headed by women. Discrete-time event history analyses of the PSID are used to model poverty among all families in any given year between 1969 and 1987. The dynamics of poverty are further examined in comparisons of nested multinomial logistic regression models of poverty entrances and exits among wives and female-headed families.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 christovam_rs_me_botfca.pdf: 614690 bytes, checksum: 308a3ce40b6f8d645291b92daff32733 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Com o intuito de melhorar a eficiência de controle de Phakopsora pachyrhizi, o presente trabalho avaliou diferentes técnicas de pulverização sobre os depósitos, e parâmetros de produção: classificação dos grãos por peneiras e peso de 1000 sementes e a produtividade da cultura. Seis experimentos foram conduzidos em área experimental da FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu, na cultura da soja (var. Conquista), quatro na safra 2006/07 e dois na safra de 2007/08. O experimento 1 foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 32 parcelas. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de ar 0, 9, 11 e 29 km h-1 combinados a dois ângulos de aplicação 0˚ e 30˚) com pontas de jato plano AXI 110015. As parcelas foram dimensionadas em 8,0 x 10,0 m (largura x comprimento). De cada parcela foram selecionadas, ao acaso, dez plantas para a amostragem dos depósitos da pulverização. À cada planta foram fixados alvos artificiais (papel filtro na dimensão 3 x 3 cm), dois na parte superior e dois na parte inferior das plantas e, em cada parte da planta um na superfície abaxial e outro na superfície adaxial do mesmo folíolo. Para avaliação dos depósitos, foi utilizada uma substância cúprica marcadora e a quantificação dos depósitos foi por espectrofotometria. O experimento 2 foi conduzido no mesmo local e os tratamentos distribuídos no mesmo delineamento do experimento anterior, acrescido da testemunha (plantas não tratadas). No estádio de desenvolvimento R 2 e R 5.2, foram realizadas pulverizações com um fungicida triazol à 142 L ha-1. As avaliações do número de pústulas/cm² em folíolos retirados da parte inferior da planta foram realizadas semanalmente. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 foram comparadas quatro tecnologias de aplicação: pulverização convencional (sem ar); pulverização com... / In order to improve control efficiency of Phakopsora pachyrhizi the present research evaluated different spraying techniques on spray deposits and yield parameters: classification of the seeds by sieving and the weight of 1000 seeds and the productivity of the crops. Six experiments were carried out in the experimental area of FCA/UNESP – Botucatu, SP, on soybean crop (Conquista variety). Four of these experiments on the 2006/07 crop and two in the 2007/08 crop were carried out. The first experiment was set in blocks at random design with 8 treatments and four repetitions, totalysing 32 parcels. The treatments were distributed in the squeme 4 x 2 (four air levels 0, 9, 11 and 29 km h-1 combined at two application angles, 0˚ and 30˚) using flat fan nozzles AXI 110015 type. The dimensions of the parcels were 8,0 x 10,0 m (length x width). In each parcel were selected, at random, ten plants to samplify the spray deposits. Artficial targets (filter paper with 3 x 3 cm) were fixed on each plant, two in the upper part and two at the bottom part of the plants and, in each part there was one target the abaxial and another one in the adaxial surface of the same leaflet. For deposits evaluation a tracer cupric substance was used and the spray deposits were quantified by spectrophotometry. The second experiment was carried out in the same place and the treatments were distributed in the same experimental design, more check plot (non treated plants). In R 2 and R 5.2 growth stages it was sprayed a triazol fungicide at 142 L ha-1. Evaluations of the number of pustules cm-2 on leaflets that were removed from the lower part of the plants were realized weekly. On the third and fourth experiments four application technologies were compared: conventional spraying (whitout air) and spraying with the help of air in boom spray at 9, 11 and 29 km h-1 of the air speed on spray deposits and to control... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Sexual excess is one of an increasing list of ‘excessive’ behaviours which have in recent times been pathologised by the psycho-medical establishment, increasing regulation and control of spheres previously accepted as ‘normal.’ This study analyses the genealogy of the events, institutions, organisations and individuals in post-World War II United States of America to the present which made it possible to think scientifically and nosologically about ‘excessive’ male sexual behaviour as ‘sexual addiction.’ / The grass-roots twelve-step ideologies of Alcoholics Anonymous in the mid-1970s gave birth to twelve-step programs for ‘sex addicts’ predicated on admitting powerlessness over sex and lust rather than over alcohol as the key to recovery as the first step. The publication of Patrick Carnes’ Out of the Shadows: Understanding and Treating Sexual Addiction in 1983 created the academic concept and discourse of sex addiction, which in turn paved the way for widespread scientific debate and investigation of the concept. The AIDS phenomenon offered a platform for many groups to highlight their own causes amid the chaos of illness and death. The sex addiction movement was one such group which made use of the hysteria by pathologising homosexuality and the gay lifestyle as symptomatic of ‘sexual addiction.’ This forged an inexorable conceptual nexus between sexual addiction and AIDS and death motifs, thereby legitimising the concept of sexual addiction as a harmful and often fatal disorder. / Analysis of psycho-medical and public discourse on the sex lives of two American presidents, John F. Kennedy and Bill Clinton, in two different eras revealed changing understandings of male sexual excess. Journalistic mores, socio-cultural values and psycho-medical ideologies (or the lack thereof) played a great role in pathologising Clinton’s behaviour while leaving Kennedy’s, at the time of his presidency but not so in the decades following it, unscathed. / This study has far-reaching implications because sex is an issue affecting and involving people from all walks of life, irrespective of gender, race, colour, creed or religion. Analyses demonstrated how the sexual addiction movement’s assault on traditional conceptions of masculinity predicated on promiscuity as a rite of passage or envied and admired behaviour has precipitated a convergence of the genders in respect of prescriptive sexual behaviour. The pendulum of power is subtly shifting from males embracing notions of sexual liberation and sexual self-determination to mental health professionals whose new diagnostic labels pathologise and stigmatise.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de mieux comprendre l'impact de trois promotions des ventes (les promotions par le prix, le cadeau avec achat et les programmes de fidélité) sur le processus décisionnel des consommatrices de la génération du baby-boom lors de l'achat de vêtements. Suite à une recension des écrits sur les promotions des ventes et sur la génération du baby-boom, l'attention de cette recherche portera uniquement sur les femmes de cette génération car elles ont un processus décisionnel plus complexe que celui des hommes. De plus, elles forment présentement le segment le plus puissant sur le plan de la consommation. Les différents ouvrages sur le sujet nous informent qu'il existe une différence comportementale entre les personnes anglophones et francophones lorsqu'elles sont soumises à un type de publicité. Puisque la ligne est parfois mince entre la publicité et la promotion des ventes et que pour certains la promotion des ventes est une forme de publicité nous avons décidé de nous intéresser uniquement aux femmes francophones du Québec. Afin de répondre à l'objectif de cette recherche, un questionnaire a été distribué à 394 femmes francophones vivant au Québec nées entre le 1er janvier 1946 et le 31 décembre 1965. Les répondantes ont été sollicitées soit par le porte-à-porte où directement sur leur lieu de travail. Un questionnaire auto-administré divisé en quatre parties leur était présenté et la participation à l'étude était sur base volontaire. La première section de ce questionnaire comporte différentes questions touchant les promotions prix. La deuxième section est consacrée au cadeau avec achat. La troisième section porte sur les programmes de fidélité. La dernière section comporte diverses questions servant à dresser le portrait sociodémographique de l'échantillon. Trois hypothèses de recherche ont été formulées afin de mieux comprendre l'impact de ces promotions. L'hypothèse H₁ s'intéresse à l'intérêt que peuvent avoir les promotions prix et si cet intérêt se traduit en acte d'achat. L'hypothèse H₂ touche les mêmes aspects que la première hypothèse, mais pour le cadeau avec achat. En ce qui a trait à l'hypothèse H₃, elle s'intéresse à l'impact des programmes de fidélité sur le choix du point de vente par les consommatrices. L'analyse des résultats a permis de répondre à nos hypothèses de recherche. Nous avons constaté que les promotions par le prix sont principalement efficaces au point de vente, que le cadeau avec achat ne suscite aucun intérêt lors de l'achat de vêtements et que les programmes de fidélité sont des promotions alternatives qui sont un bon outil permettant de fidéliser la clientèle participante. De plus, ces résultats nous ont permis de dégager des implications managériales et des avenues de recherches futures. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Promotion des ventes, Promotion prix, Cadeau avec achat, Programme de fidélité, Génération du baby-boom, Comportement d'achat, Intention d'achat.

It is widely suggested that, in domestic environment, abundant private social network can make a huge impact in many aspect and vice versa. Then the same concept could also be applicable in international relations, and help mobilize sovereignty states? A rich literature also theorizes about the development of these phenomena among non-state actors that may signal the emergence of a new global civil society. While experts were continue discussing such subject, the transnational relationship scholars Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink unveiled the concept of ¡§transnational advocacy network¡¨(hereafter TANs) being a tightly knit community of transnational members with shared believes and identity named ¡§issue-net work¡¨. Its strategies related to this activity in term of ¡§arguing power¡¨ and ¡§norm instrumental pressures¡¨. Then several questions can also be raised following its detail: How come did they make it success while others fail? Besides, if we ignored some factors during this ¡§network connecting¡¨ process¡HFinally, to what extent did they interact with sovereignty states? In the case of FaLun Gong group, its network structure is very complete and huge, but according to the consequence of its advocacy target ; suggested it fail to its campaign activity, then how would TANs theory help explain such consequence? This research observes the transformed of FLG TANs, and tries to tackle the above-mentioned questions. Therefore, may it could suggest some empirical experience from the outcome of this research, to those NGOs or non-state actors who devote in environment or human right campaign.