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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Din?mica espa?o-temporal em uma guilda de borboletas frug?voras no limite norte da Floresta Atl?ntica Nordestina

Barbosa, Jos? Elieudo Dias 16 December 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEDB_DISSERT.pdf: 1252363 bytes, checksum: d72ba53b4d6eea90138b2ec7108318a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The extent of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been reduced to less than 7% of its original range. Yet, it contains one of the richest butterfly fauna in the world. Butterflies are commonly used as environmental indicators, mostly because of their strict association with host plants, microclimate and resource availability. This research describes diversity, composition and species richness of frugivorous butterflies in a forest fragment in the Brazilian Northeast. It compares communities in different physiognomies and seasons. The climate in the study area is classified as tropical rainy, with two well defined seasons. Butterfly captures were made with 60 Van Someren-Rydon traps, randomly located within six different habitat units (10 traps per unit) that varied from very open (e.g. coconut plantation) to forest interior. Sampling was made between January and December 2008, for five days each month. I captured 12090 individuals from 32 species. The most abundant species were Taygetis laches, Opsiphanes invirae and Hamadryas februa, which accounted for 70% of all captures. Similarity analysis identified two main groups, one of species associated with open or disturbed areas and a second by species associated with shaded areas. There was a strong seasonal component in species composition, with less species and lower abundance in the dry season and more species and higher abundance in the rainy season. K-means analysis indicates that choice of habitat units overestimated faunal perceptions, suggesting less distinct units. The species Taygetis virgilia, Hamadryas chloe, Callicore pygas e Morpho achilles were associated with less disturbed habitats, while Yphthimoides sp, Historis odius, H. acheronta, Hamadryas feronia e Siderone marthesia likey indicate open or disturbed habitats. This research brings important information for conservation of frugivorous butterflies, and will serve as baseline for future projects in environmental monitoring / Um dos hotspots da biodiversidade mundial, a Mata Atl?ntica encontra-se reduzida a apenas 7% de sua ?rea original. Ainda assim, apresenta uma das mais ricas faunas de borboletas do mundo. Borboletas s?o usadas com freq??ncia em avalia??o ambiental, pois mostram forte associa??o com plantas hospedeiras, microclima e padr?es de disponibilidade de recursos, sendo bons indicadores de diversidade e integridade ambiental. Este trabalho descreve a diversidade, composi??o e riqueza de esp?cies de borboletas frug?voras em um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica do nordeste brasileiro, comparando a composi??o entre fisionomias distintas e sua sazonalidade. A ?rea apresenta clima tropical chuvoso com duas esta??es bem definidas, seca e chuvosa. As capturas foram feitas com 60 armadilhas do tipo Van Someren-Rydon, instaladas em seis unidades amostrais (10 armadilhas por unidade), que variaram desde uma ?rea aberta (p. ex. planta??o de coqueiros) at? ambientes de interior de mata. As coletas foram feitas entre janeiro e dezembro de 2008 por cinco dias consecutivos de cada m?s. Foram capturados 12090 indiv?duos pertencentes a 32 esp?cies. As esp?cies mais abundantes foram Taygetis laches, Opsiphanes invirae e Hamadryas februa, que somaram 70% do total das capturas. A an?lise de similaridade identificou dois grupos principais, o primeiro composto por unidades mais impactadas e/ou abertas e o segundo, com as unidades em mata ou ?reas mais fechadas. Foi observado um forte componente sazonal, com menos esp?cies e menor abund?ncia no per?odo seco e mais esp?cies e maior abund?ncia no per?odo chuvoso. A an?lise de K-means revelou que as escolhas das unidades superestimou a percep??o da fauna, sugerindo menos unidades distintas. As esp?cies Taygetis virgilia, Hamadryas chloe, Callicore pygas e Morpho achilles sinalizam ambientes menos perturbados, enquanto que Yphthimoides sp, Historis odius, H. acheronta, Hamadryas feronia e Siderone marthesia potencialmente indicam ambientes abertos ou impactados. Este trabalho traz informa??es importantes para a conserva??o das esp?cies de frug?voras, como tamb?m servir? de guia para futuros projetos de monitoramento ambiental
2

Efeitos da fragmenta??o de h?bitat sobre borboletas frug?voras (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica no Rio Grande do Norte

Brito, Marcos Roberto Monteiro de 23 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T13:34:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-12T14:08:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T14:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A perda de h?bitat e a fragmenta??o est?o entre as maiores amea?as a biodiversidade, podendo levar a decl?nios de comunidades biol?gicas. As respostas a essas perturba??es dependem de fatores da paisagem e tamb?m de fatores intr?nsecos aos fragmentos, al?m de poderem ser diferentes entre esp?cies. O presente trabalho avalia como a ?rea do fragmento, isolamento, forma, qualidade da matriz e a dist?ncia para o curso de ?gua permanente (rio ou lago) mais pr?ximo afetam a riqueza e a abund?ncia de borboletas frug?voras em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica no nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado em 15 fragmentos com ?reas entre 1,7 e 27,4 hectares, inseridos em uma matriz dominada por planta??es de cana-de-a??car e distantes da ?gua entre 0 e cerca de 2000 metros. A riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia declinaram com o aumento da dist?ncia para ?gua. A sele??o de modelos sugeriu que a dist?ncia para ?gua ? o principal fator influenciando riqueza e abund?ncia, mas qualidade da matriz tamb?m apareceu como importante fator para a riqueza, enquanto forma do fragmento aparece como fator importante para abund?ncia. Nossos resultados destacam a import?ncia da dist?ncia para um curso de ?gua na manuten??o de comunidades de borboletas frug?voras em ambientes fragmentados de Mata Atl?ntica. / Habitat loss and fragmentation are the biggest threats to biodiversity, contributing to declines in biological communities. The response of species and communities to these disturbances depend on landscape features and characteristics of each fragment, and can also vary among different species. Our study test how fragment area, isolation, shape, matrix quality and distance to the nearest permanent course of water (river or pond) affect fruit-feeding butterfly communities in the northeastern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We used 15 fragments, surrounded by a heterogeneous matrix, consisting predominantly of sugarcane crop fields, ranging from 1,7 to 27,4 hectares, spread in distance classes to a permanent course of water ranging from zero to 2000 meters. Species richness and abundance decreased with increased distance to water. Model selection suggested distance to the water as the main factor affecting species richness and abundance, but matrix quality is also an important predictor for species richness, while fragment shape is important for abundance. Our results highlight the importance of distance to a water course in maintaining fruit-feeding butterflies communities in fragmented landscapes in the Atlantic Forest.
3

Borboletas no semi?rido: sazonalidade e padr?es de diversidade de borboletas frug?voras em um ambiente extremo

Santos, Larissa Nascimento dos 19 June 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-06T21:17:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-08T21:45:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T21:45:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaNascimentoDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2260102 bytes, checksum: ca6ecb3068e94519806f21f62cc4d858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A distribui??o espa?o-temporal das popula??es reflete o ajuste de suas caracter?sticas biol?gicas ?s condi??es ambientais e intera??es bi?ticas, conforme elementos precursores adaptativos e filogen?ticos. A heterogeneidade de habitat e o clima estacional tendem a causar padr?es de atividade dos organismos e de diversidade de esp?cies. Por?m, esses padr?es sazonais e espaciais em comunidades de borboletas em ambientes secos ainda n?o s?o claros. Estudamos uma comunidade de borboletas frug?voras na ESEC Serid?, no nordeste do Brasil, com o intuito de caracterizar a guilda no semi?rido e verificar a contribui??o relativa de vari?veis clim?ticas e vegetacionais sobre a sua composi??o, diversidade e fenofaun?stica. As borboletas foram amostradas mensalmente, durante um ano, e a distribui??o das esp?cies foi associada ?s caracter?sticas estruturais de tr?s fitofisionomias (ex. riqueza e abund?ncia de esp?cies arb?reo-arbustivas, cobertura de dossel, cobertura de herb?ceas, serapilheira) e a dados climatol?gicos (temperatura, pluviosidade e umidade). Foram capturados 9580 indiv?duos de 16 esp?cies de borboletas, pertencentes a quatro subfam?lias (Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae e Satyrinae). A riqueza, abund?ncia e diversidade variaram em diferentes escalas, principalmente no tempo, sendo maiores na esta??o chuvosa, enquanto a ?-diversidade e turnover foram maiores na seca. A distribui??o das esp?cies seguiu principalmente as mudan?as de umidade, pluviosidade e fenologia vegetacional, n?o havendo limites definidos entre habitats. O per?odo de voo foi compartilhado dentro das subfam?lias, as quais devem ter resposta distinta aos est?mulos ambientais, como tamb?m responder ? fenologia de plantas hospedeiras e ter estrat?gias de reprodu??o distintas. Havendo inclusive, ind?cios de adapta??es fisiol?gicas e comportamentais como reprodu??o sazonal e estiva??o. Portanto, houve controle ambiental sobre a distribui??o e diversidade de esp?cies, com o papel chave da associa??o do clima e estrutura da vegeta??o na diferencia??o da comunidade em esta??es do ano, e da disponibilidade e qualidade de recursos sobre a varia??o de abund?ncia das esp?cies, em pequenas escalas. Tais resultados podem dar suporte ao biomonitoramento e conserva??o de ?reas preservadas, sobretudo em ambientes sob press?o antr?pica e de condi??es ambientais extremas como o semi?rido. / The spatial and temporal distribution of the population reflects the adjustment of their biological characteristics to environmental conditions and biotic interactions as adaptive and phylogenetic precursors elements. The habitat?s heterogeneity and alternating seasons tend to cause patterns of activity of organisms and species diversity. However, these seasonal and spatial patterns in butterfly communities in dry environments are not yet clear. We studied a community of frugivorous butterflies in ESEC Serid?, in northeastern Brazil, aiming to characterize the guild in semiarid and check the relative contribution of climate and vegetation variables on its composition, diversity and phenofaunistic. The butterflies were sampled monthly during one year, and the distribution of species was associated with structural characteristics of three vegetation types (eg. richness and abundance of tree and shrub species, canopy cover, herbaceous cover, litter) and climatological data (temperature, rainfall and humidity). We captured 9580 individuals of 16 species of butterflies belonging to four subfamilies (Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae and Satyrinae). The richness, abundance and diversity varied in different scales, especially in time, being higher in the rainy season, while the ?-diversity and turnover was higher in the dry. The distribution of species mainly followed the changes in humidity, rainfall and vegetation phenology, with no defined boundaries between habitats. The flight period was shared within subfamilies, which should have distinct response to environmental stimuli, as well as respond to the phenology of host plants and have different reproductive strategies. There is even evidence of physiological and behavioral adaptations as seasonal reproduction and aestivation. So there was environmental control over the distribution and diversity of species, with the key role climate Association and vegetation structure in the community of differentiation in the seasons, and the availability and quality of resources on the variation of species abundance in small scales. These results may support the biomonitoring and conservation preserved areas, particularly in environments under human pressure and extreme environmental conditions such as semi-arid.

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