Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-10T14:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RosanaSilvaDeFranca_TESE.pdf: 13186797 bytes, checksum: 656a4b62f6c536a3ccf2084c3f54beb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-11T14:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RosanaSilvaDeFranca_TESE.pdf: 13186797 bytes, checksum: 656a4b62f6c536a3ccf2084c3f54beb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T14:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosanaSilvaDeFranca_TESE.pdf: 13186797 bytes, checksum: 656a4b62f6c536a3ccf2084c3f54beb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Esta tese tem como objeto de estudo a dispers?o urbana no atual contexto, no qual se observam mudan?as nos padr?es de ocupa??o dos espa?os urbanos que configuram o desenho urbano de modo disperso, fragmentado e polic?ntrico. Tais mudan?as acarretam o aumento do gasto de energia e a necessidade de maior gasto com infraestrutura de acesso para o deslocamento de pessoas e de impactos socioambientais. Foi a partir da observa??o de tais mudan?as na ocupa??o do territ?rio da RMNatal que propusemos a presente pesquisa, que objetiva compreender a produ??o do espa?o urbano na Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal (RMNatal) e as repercuss?es e/ou altera??es provocadas pela a??o das pol?ticas p?blicas e pelo capital privado em seus munic?pios, constituindo l?gicas e padr?es de ocupa??o bastantes distintos - espacial e socialmente, que caracterizam o processo de dispers?o urbana. Para tanto, partimos dos estudos te?ricos e pesquisas de autores como Limonad (2007), Sp?sito (2007, 2009), Monte-M?r (2006, 2007), Reis (2006, 2007), Lencione (2010, 2011), Clementino (1995, 2009, 2015), Milton Santos (1996, 2008), Lefebvre (1999, 2001), Clark (1991) entre outros que t?m se debru?ado na quest?o da produ??o e reprodu??o do espa?o urbano e seus desdobramentos socioespaciais em que se destaca a dispers?o urbana. Nesse sentido, foram analisadas as quest?es te?ricas que se referem ? dispers?o urbana, dos modelos te?ricos das estruturas das cidades, da metropoliza??o, do processo de urbaniza??o da ?rea de pesquisa e dos principais objetos e a??es que marcam as mudan?as e a passagem da cidade compacta para a forma??o de uma regi?o reticular na RMNatal. Os resultados obtidos derivam de em exerc?cio te?rico-metodol?gico utilizando-se de geotecnologias com a espacializa??o dos dados e informa??es coletadas ao longo da pesquisa que refletem a dispers?o urbana na RMNatal. Foram analisadas as vari?veis relacionadas ao uso do solo, a pendularidade, ao meio t?cnico-cientifico-informacional e aos habitas urbanos que constituem as formas-conte?dos e tornam a RMNatal mais segregada e com tecidos urbanos fragmentados. Tudo isso indica que a dispers?o urbana est? em forma??o na RMNatal, acentuando-se os processos de fragmenta??o e de segrega??o na RM que carece de maior aten??o e planejamento. / This thesis is to study the object of urban sprawl in the current context, in which observed changes in settlement patterns of urban spaces that make up the urban design in a piecemeal way, fragmented and polycentric. These changes result in increased energy expenditure and the need for increased spending on infrastructure access to the displacement of people and environmental impacts. It was from the observation of such changes in the occupation of the territory of RMNatal we proposed this research, which aims to understand the production of urban space in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (RMNatal) and the effects and or changes caused by the action of public policies and the private capital in their municipalities, being logical and patterns quite different occupation - spatial and social, that characterize the urban sprawl process. The starting point of theoretical studies and research of authors such as Limonad (2007), Sp?sito (2007.2009), Monte-M?r (2006, 2007), Reis (2006, 2007), Lencione (2010, 2011), Clementino (1995 2009, 2015), Milton Santos (1996, 2008), Lefebvre (1999, 2001), Clark (1991) among others who have examined the question of production and reproduction of urban space and its socio-spatial developments which highlights the dispersion urban. In this sense, the theoretical questions were analyzed that relate to urban sprawl, the theoretical models of the structures of cities, the metropolises, the research area of the urbanization process and the main objects and actions that mark the changes and the passage of the compact city to form a reticular region RMNatal. The results derived from theoretical and methodological exercise using geotechnologies with the spatial distribution of data and information collected during the research that reflect the urban sprawl in RMNatal. The variables related to land use were analyzed, the pendularity, technical-scientific-informational milieu and urban habitats that make up the content-forms and make RMNatal most segregated and fragmented urban fabric. All this indicates that urban sprawl is in training in RMNatal, accentuating up the processes of fragmentation and segregation in RM that needs further attention and planning.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T13:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Andr? Barbosa Vargas.pdf: 2899416 bytes, checksum: 591d199971aaae8acb1b26b67d4b22a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil. / The region of Vale do Para?ba is part of the Atlantic Forest and presents a history of environmental degradation, like many other regions in Brazil, caused at first by wood extraction and coffee plantations, and later by other crops and cattle farming. Now, despite the remarkable headways in this biome?s biodiversity research, some groups still show little knowledge of the geographic scope and neglect the research when conducting management and conservation studies. This study?s greater objective was to assess the composition and abundance of ant species in different forest fragments in Vassouras, RJ, over the influence of environmental and structural attributes. the research was developed between march and april 2008. The ant fauna was analyzed through 620 litter samples of 1m2 each, submitted to the Winkler extractor for 48 hours. They were equally distributed in 31 forest fragments belonging to three different landscapes (A, B and C), creating a gradient of forest covering and altitude with different uses of the soil. 170 ant species were found, belonging to 10 subfamilies and 49 genera, with an average of 10 (? 3.3 of standard deviation) species by square meter. The average of species for fragment was 50 ? 9.2. The highest richness was found on landscape A with 133 species (187 estimated), followed by B with 122 spp. (160 estimated) and C with 100 (111 estimated). The largest composition and richness differences were found between landscapes A and C. Despite being fragmented, all three landscapes obtained a good representation of the ant fauna, showing distinct values for the biodiversity?s conservation. The results showed that more heterogeneous landscapes have greater richness and a more heterogeneous composition of species, although no significant relation to the size of the fragments was found and the ant fauna between landscapes. The results can still suggest that the differences found could be related to the succession state and the floristic composition of the forest fragments. / A regi?o do Vale do Para?ba, inserida no dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, apresenta como outras regi?es do Brasil um hist?rico comum de degrada??o ambiental, ocasionado em princ?pio pela explora??o madeireira, o ciclo do caf? e posteriormente por outras culturas agr?colas e a pecu?ria. Atualmente, apesar do not?vel avan?o das pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade neste Bioma, determinados grupos ainda apresentam conhecimento restrito em abrang?ncia geogr?fica ou mesmo s?o negligenciados em estudos de conserva??o e manejo. Neste sentido, o objetivo maior deste estudo foi avaliar a riqueza e composi??o em esp?cies de formigas sobre a influ?ncia de atributos ambientais e estruturais em fragmentos florestais de diferentes paisagens no munic?pio de Vassouras, RJ. O estudo foi realizado no per?odo de mar?o a abril de 2008. A fauna de formigas foi estudada atrav?s de 620 amostras de 1m2 de serapilheira, submetidas ao extrator de Winkler por 48 horas, distribu?das igualmente em 31 fragmentos florestais, inseridos em tr?s paisagens (A, B e C), compondo um gradiente de cobertura florestal e altitude com distintos usos do solo. Foram obtidas 170 esp?cies de formigas distribu?das em 10 subfam?lias e 49 g?neros, com m?dia de 10 (? 3,3 de desvio padr?o) esp?cies por metro quadrado. A m?dia de esp?cies por fragmentos foi de 50 ? 9,2. A maior riqueza foi registrada na paisagem A com 133 esp?cies, sendo 187 estimadas, seguida da paisagem B com 122 spp., sendo 160 estimadas e C com 100 sendo 111 estimadas. As maiores diferen?as tanto para a riqueza quanto para a composi??o foram apontadas entre as paisagens A e C. Apesar de fragmentadas as paisagens estudadas tiveram boa representatividade da fauna de formigas, demonstrando valores distintos para a conserva??o da biodiversidade. Os resultados mostraram que paisagens mais heterog?neas possuem maior riqueza e sua composi??o em esp?cies ? mais heterog?nea. Embora n?o tenha sido encontrada rela??o significativa com o tamanho dos fragmentos a fauna de formigas variou entre as paisagens. Os resultados permitem ainda sugerir que tais diferen?as podem estar ainda relacionadas ao estado de sucess?o e a composi??o flor?stica dos fragmentos florestais.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-28T18:08:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - V?ctor de Carvalho Martins.pdf: 5700751 bytes, checksum: 07961d0468442fc22ade82dc8b861206 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T18:08:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - V?ctor de Carvalho Martins.pdf: 5700751 bytes, checksum: 07961d0468442fc22ade82dc8b861206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / Coffee is one of the most appreciated beverages in the world, due to its sensorial and functional characteristics. Currently, as the main producer and exporter in the world, it is estimated that in Brazil there will be growth in the domestic market in the coming years, in which roasted and ground coffee predominates. This type of product is impaired mainly by adulteration with other plant materials. The implementation of more sensitive and selective methods is necessary to ensure higher quality products. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a method to detect adulterants (rice, barley, corn and soybeans) in commercial samples of coffee, through the oligosaccharides profile and the techniques of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). From standard solutions of five possible chemical markers (maltose, raffinose, stachyose, 1-kestose and nystose) in aqueous solution of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (1:1) and in Milli-Q grade water, the operational parameters of the mass spectrometer and the chromatographic conditions were tested. The adopted chromatographic method consisted of chromatography by hydrophilic interaction and gradient elution of acetonitrile and aqueous solution of formic acid 0.1%, with injector temperature 20?C; injection volume 1.0 ?L; flow rate 0.5 mL/min; column temperature 35?C; and run time 10 min. For the spectrometric method, electrospray ionization was used in positive mode, with capillary, sampling and extraction cones voltages of, respectively, 3.0 kV, 50 V, 2.0 V; sample temperature 80?C; cone gas flow 40 L/h; temperature and flow of desolvation gas 300?C and 500 L/h; and collision energies of at least 15.0 V. The results indicated a good repeatability among analysis of standard solution, with selectivity by the real-time monitoring of the sequential mass spectra. Extracts from the previously roasted samples of adulterants were analyzed. It was confirmed the effect of temperature as an interfering factor for the detection of oligosaccharides. Only soybean presented as potential chemical markers raffinose and stachyose. For the grains of rice, barley and corn, another precursor ion of the same mass/charge ratio (m/z) of raffinose and 1-kestose was observed. It has been identified as maltotriose, in which isomeric differentiation can be ensured by different fragmentation profiles. The study of the mass spectra still ratified these results by the observation of a greater susceptibility of the rupture of ?, ? (1?2) bonds and the formation of ions fragments with saturated cyclic chain. However, through the use of the methodology, the chemical markers were not detected in the commercial samples of coffee, even with the samples previously disapproved for the presence of barley. The optimization of the extraction method or the inclusion of sodiated solvents may be necessary and, therefore, new experiments should still be performed, ensuring the applicability of the method by UPLC-MS-MS. / O caf? consiste em uma das bebidas mais apreciadas em todo o mundo, devido a suas caracter?sticas sensoriais e funcionais. Atualmente como principal produtor e exportador no mundo, estima-se que no Brasil haja crescimento no mercado interno para os pr?ximos anos, em que se predomina o caf? torrado e mo?do. Este tipo de produto ? prejudicado principalmente pela pr?tica de adultera??o com outras mat?rias-primas vegetais. A implementa??o de m?todos de maior sensibilidade e seletividade ? necess?ria para a garantia de produtos de maior qualidade. O objetivo desta disserta??o foi desenvolver um m?todo de detec??o de adulterantes (arroz, cevada, milho e soja) em amostras comerciais de caf?, atrav?s do perfil de oligossacar?deos e das t?cnicas de Cromatografia L?quida de Ultra Efici?ncia acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas Sequencial (CLUE-EM-EM). A partir de solu??es padr?o de cinco poss?veis marcadores qu?micos (maltose, rafinose, estaquiose, 1-kestose e nistose) em solvente solu??o aquosa de ?cido f?rmico a 0,1% e acetonitrila (1:1) e em ?gua grau Milli-Q, foram testados os par?metros operacionais do espectr?metro de massas e as condi??es cromatogr?ficas. O m?todo cromatogr?fico adotado consistiu no uso da cromatografia por intera??o hidrof?lica e elui??o em gradiente de acetonitrila e solu??o aquosa de ?cido f?rmico, com as condi??es de temperatura do injetor de 20?C; volume de inje??o de 1,0 ?L; fluxo de 0,5 mL/min; temperatura da coluna de 35?C; e tempo de corrida de 10 min. Para o m?todo espectrom?trico, empregou-se a ioniza??o por eletrospray em modo positivo, com voltagem no capilar, nos cones de amostragem e de extra??o de, respectivamente, 3,0 kV, 50 V, 2,0 V; temperatura da amostra de 80?C; fluxo do g?s do cone de 40 L/h; temperatura e fluxo do g?s de dessolvata??o de 300?C e 500 L/h; e energias de colis?o de, no m?nimo, 15,0 V. Os resultados indicaram uma boa repetitividade entre as an?lises das solu??es padr?o, com a seletividade sendo garantida pelo monitoramento em tempo real dos espectros de massas sequencial. Extratos das amostras previamente torradas dos adulterantes foram analisados, sendo confirmado o efeito da temperatura como um fator interferente para a detec??o dos oligossacar?deos. Apenas a soja apresentou como potenciais marcadores qu?micos rafinose e estaquiose. Para os gr?os de arroz, cevada e milho, foi observado outro ?on precursor de mesma rela??o massa/carga (m/z) da rafinose e da 1-kestose. Este foi identificado como a maltotriose, em que a diferencia??o isom?rica pode ser garantida pelos diferentes perfis de fragmenta??o. O estudo dos espectros de massas ainda ratificou estes resultados pela observa??o de uma maior facilidade da ruptura das liga??es ?,? (1?2) e de forma??o de ?ons fragmentos de cadeia c?clica saturada. Por?m, atrav?s do emprego da metodologia, n?o foram detectados os marcadores qu?micos nas amostras comerciais de caf? analisadas, mesmo com as amostras previamente reprovadas pela presen?a de cevada. A otimiza??o do m?todo de extra??o ou a inclus?o de solventes sodiados podem ser necess?rios e, por tal raz?o, novos experimentos ainda devem ser realizados, garantindo a aplicabilidade do m?todo por CLUE-EM-EM.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-26T00:14:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiolaPatriciaDaSilvaRufino_DISSERT.pdf: 3401669 bytes, checksum: 04ee62eeaf64cf0b8653669e4f83e89d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-08T19:21:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiolaPatriciaDaSilvaRufino_DISSERT.pdf: 3401669 bytes, checksum: 04ee62eeaf64cf0b8653669e4f83e89d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T19:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiolaPatriciaDaSilvaRufino_DISSERT.pdf: 3401669 bytes, checksum: 04ee62eeaf64cf0b8653669e4f83e89d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / A Mata Atl?ntica no Rio Grande do Norte (RN) pertence ? biorregi?o de Pernambuco e ? representada pelas Florestas Estacionais Semidecidual e Decidual, Manguezais e Restinga. Com o objetivo de avaliar o estado de conserva??o da Mata Atl?ntica no RN realizamos o mapeamento de remanescentes a partir de imagens de sat?lite e a abordagem de Ecologia de Paisagens. Avaliamos se h? distin??o entre os litorais norte e sul do Estado considerando suas diferen?as naturais e de uso do solo hist?ricas, como se d? influ?ncia de remanescentes pequenos na cobertura e configura??o da paisagem e investigamos a rela??o entre a configura??o da paisagem e a disponibilidade de habitat do bioma para esp?cies com diferentes capacidades de deslocamento. O percentual da ?rea original do bioma coberta por remanescentes que possuem ?rea a partir de 3 hectares ? de 15,60% para o limite oficial do bioma. 89,70% do n?mero total de remanescentes possuem ?rea at? 50 hectares. Apenas 6,00% dos remanescentes tem ?rea maior do que 100 hectares, e estes s?o respons?veis aproximadamente 65% da ?rea remanescente. Os fragmentos com menor ?rea influenciam todas as m?tricas calculadas. As bacias hidrogr?ficas do litoral sul possuem maior percentual de cobertura com remanescentes, maiores densidades de remanescentes e as ?reas dos fragmentos s?o maiores do que no litoral norte. Constatamos que a disponibilidade de habitat na Mata Atl?ntica do RN ? baixa para todas as capacidades de deslocamento e para todas as bacias hidrogr?ficas, e variou com a capacidade de deslocamento e com a remo??o de remanescentes, mas n?o houve intera??o entre esses dois fatores. Para as esp?cies com pequena e m?dia capacidades de deslocamento, a disponibilidade de habitat ? influenciada pelas m?tricas de configura??o e composi??o de paisagem. Para as esp?cies com grande capacidade de deslocamento a disponibilidade de habitat ? influenciada apenas pela m?trica percentual de cobertura remanescente. Portanto a influencia da fragmenta??o na disponibilidade de habitat para ?reas com percentual de cobertura m?dio e baixo (4 a 35%) depende da capacidade de deslocamento da esp?cie em quest?o. A Mata Atl?ntica do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta-se em situa??o cr?tica de conserva??o, com um baixo percentual de ?rea remanescente, um alto n?vel de fragmenta??o e com baixa disponibilidade de habitat para todas as capacidades de deslocamento testadas, sendo imprescind?veis para conserva??o do bioma a manuten??o de toda a ?rea remanescente, principalmente dos grandes remanescentes e a restaura??o de ?reas para aumentar o percentual de cobertura e a conectividade da paisagem. / The Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) is included in Pernambuco biogeographic sub-region and it is composed by Semi-deciduous Forest, deciduous Forest, Mangrove and Restinga. We assessed the conservation status of Atlantic Forest in the RN through remnants mapping using high resolution satellite images and landscape ecology approaches. We evaluated if there is difference between the north and south coastal regions considering their natural a historical land use differences. We also assessed the influence of the small remnants on landscape cover and configuration. The proportion of the original biome area with remnants larger than 3 hectares is 15.60% for the official governmental limit and is 16.60% for the alternative limit (SNE, 2002). This remnants proportion varies between 0.56 and 46.52% in the hydrographic basins. 89.70% of the remnants are smaller than 50 hectares. Only 6.00% of the remnants are greater than 100 hectares, and these remnants are responsible by 65% of remaining area. The patches with smaller area influence all calculated metrics. The south coastal hydrographic basins have higher percentage of coverage of remnants, larger patch densities and fragments with larger areas than north coastal hydrographic basins. The diffuse drainage basins of the southern coastal have the highest percentage of coverage with remnants. 18.28% and 10% of the biome area are protected by reserves, according to the official governmental and alternative limits respectively. The reserves are mainly of sustainable use (IUCN V-VI). Therefore, the Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte is in critical situation, with low proportion of remaining area and high fragmentation level. It?s indispensable to biome conservation keep all the remaining area, especially the large remnants, and restore areas to increase remnants proportion and to increase landscape connectivity

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:57:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaClaraPereiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 1612594 bytes, checksum: 10473d88265965eb85e21571ac6d61af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T21:32:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaClaraPereiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 1612594 bytes, checksum: 10473d88265965eb85e21571ac6d61af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T21:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaClaraPereiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 1612594 bytes, checksum: 10473d88265965eb85e21571ac6d61af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo compreender o processo de normatiza??o da fragmenta??o do conhecimento na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o Nacional (LDB) de 1996. Dessa forma, parte da problematiza??o da hist?ria da educa??o em suas complexidades, para construir uma an?lise da rela??o do ensino nas escolas de educa??o b?sica brasileira com as incoer?ncias observadas na hist?ria da educa??o do Brasil, pressupondo a interliga??o que tais incoer?ncias mant?m com as pr?prias contradi??es que se mostram na hist?ria da educa??o. Para sustenta??o da an?lise cr?tica, faz-se uso do m?todo materialismo hist?rico dial?tico e da teoria cr?tica de Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) e Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho documental, por fazer uso da analise da LDB (1996), como instrumento de identifica??o das incoer?ncias que podem ser relacionadas com as contradi??es hist?ricas que s?o reproduzidas. Ao mesmo tempo, tais incoer?ncias velam o processo de mantimento das situa??es de opress?o e de domina??o de uns sobre muitos na hist?ria da educa??o do Brasil. Dessa forma, observamos que as contradi??es fazem parte de nossa exist?ncia. Contudo, existem incoer?ncias que, independentemente de estarem relacionadas, possivelmente, com as contradi??es que se entrela?am ao fen?meno da vida humana, s?o frutos de um processo de explora??o e opress?o de uns sobre muitos e que terminam por refletir em v?rios ?mbitos sociais, como: no ato de educar, conseguintemente, nas escolas. Por sua vez, esses reflexos retroalimentam o processo de explora??o e opress?o, deixando marcas em v?rios momentos distintos da hist?ria. Esse olhar cr?tico sobre a hist?ria da educa??o do Brasil termina por tornar-se o expositor da fragmenta??o do conhecimento dentro do ato de educar adaptativo, e ? essa educa??o adaptativa que ? normatizada pela LDB de 1996, como resultado da rela??o desse documento com o fato de a educa??o tornar-se, em v?rios aspectos, subordinada ?s necessidades do mercado. Logo, esse documento termina por normatizar a fragmenta??o do conhecimento dentro dos espa?os de ensino formal. Por esse motivo, essa rela??o subordinada ? usada como desveladora do processo de normatiza??o do conhecimento semiformador na LDB e sua rela??o com a estrutura??o da economia na sociedade contempor?nea, caracterizada pela subordina??o da educa??o ?s necessidades do processo de produ??o e de consumo. Conclui-se, que a normatiza??o da fragmenta??o do conhecimento na LDB est? por tr?s dos pontos negativos que podemos encontrar nesse documento, e tal fato aponta a necessidade de criarmos estrat?gias para que continuemos garantindo as melhorias da educa??o brasileira, que saiam do ?mbito quantitativo e cheguem cada vez mais ao ?mbito qualitativo. / This dissertation aims to understand the regulation process of the knowledge fragmentation in the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB) of 1996. Thus, it starts from the problematization of the history of education in its complexities to build an analysis of the relationship between the education in Brazilian basic education schools, and the inconsistencies observed in the history of the education in Brazil, assuming the interconnection that such inconsistencies have with the contradictions shown in the history of education. We use the method of dialectical and historical materialism, and the critical theory of Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) to support the critical analysis. The methodology was the qualitative research on documentary evidence, by making use of the analysis of the LDB (1996), as an instrument to identify the inconsistencies that can be related to the historical contradictions that are reproduced. At the same time, such inconsistencies hide the maintenance process of the situations of oppression and domination from some over many in the history of education in Brazil. Thus, we see that the contradictions are part of our existence. However, there are inconsistencies that, whether they are possibly related with the contradictions that intertwine the phenomenon of human life, are the result of a process of exploitation and oppression from one over many, which ultimately reflects in various social contexts, such as in act of educating in schools. In turn, these reflexes feedback the process of exploitation and oppression, leaving marks in different moments of history. This critical look at the history of the education in Brazil ends up revealing the fragmentation of knowledge within the act of adaptive education, and it is this adaptive education that is standardized by the LDB of 1996 as a result of the relationship of this document with the fact of education become, in many respects, subject to market needs. Therefore, this document ends by normalizing the fragmentation of knowledge within the formal educational locations. For this reason, this subordinate relationship is used as revealing the standardization process of the semiformador knowledge in LDB and its relation to the structure of the economy in contemporary society, characterized by the subordination of education to the needs of the production and consumption process. It follows that the standardization of the knowledge fragmentation/fragmentation of knowledge in LDB is behind the negative points that we can find in this document, and this fact points to the need to create strategies to continue ensuring the improvement of Brazilian education, leaving the quantitative framework and come increasingly under the qualitative.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T20:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneKarenineBezerraDaPenhaDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2964724 bytes, checksum: 5164436fe7147b4675dbc6928e99375a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-16T20:16:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneKarenineBezerraDaPenhaDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2964724 bytes, checksum: 5164436fe7147b4675dbc6928e99375a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T20:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneKarenineBezerraDaPenhaDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2964724 bytes, checksum: 5164436fe7147b4675dbc6928e99375a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os efeitos do processo de fragmenta??o e a perda de habitat geralmente t?m como resultado a diminui??o da riqueza de esp?cies, da abund?ncia de esp?cies, da densidade de popula??es e mudan?as na distribui??o da popula??o, al?m da diminui??o da diversidade gen?tica. Sendo os primatas arbor?colas esp?cies sens?veis ? fragmenta??o do habitat, a mudan?a na qualidade do habitat pode afetar desde a disposi??o dos grupos de primatas ao longo do fragmento, at? mudan?as comportamentais. Nesse estudo n?s avaliamos a estrutura da paisagem nos locais em que ocorrem ao menos uma das duas esp?cies de primatas amea?ados na Mata Atl?ntica ao norte do rio S?o Francisco: Alouatta belzebul e Sapajus flavius. Nossas an?lises sugerem que n?o existe diferen?a entre os fragmentos que essas esp?cies ocorrem com rela??o ?s m?tricas de paisagem usadas, embora algumas esp?cies de primatas apresentem resultados diferentes ?s m?tricas de alguma forma. Mesmo assim, alguns fragmentos s?o muito pequenos, ou at? mesmo distantes de outros mostrando assim a necessidade de estrat?gias de a??o para manuten??o ou recupera??o de uma paisagem que mantenha popula??es (ou metapopula??es) vi?veis dessas esp?cies. Nesse cap?tulo se enfatiza a import?ncia de existir fragmentos grandes quando h? ocorr?ncia de mais de uma esp?cie e uma melhor conex?o entre fragmentos quando esses s?o menores para facilitar a migra??o de primatas entre os fragmentos. / The effects of fragmentation process and habitat loss have generally resulted in the decrease of species richness, abundance of species, density of species and changes in the distribution of the population, and the reduction of genetic diversity. The arboreal primates are the most sensitive species to habitat fragmentation and the change in habitat quality may affect the disposition of primates group along fragment and cause behavioral changes. In this study we evaluated the landscape structure in the locations that occur both primates species endangered in Atlantic Forest north of the S?o Francisco River, Alouatta belzebul and Sapajus flavius. Our analyzes suggest that there is no difference between the fragments which these species occur in relation to the landscape metrics used, although some species of primates show sensitivity metric somehow, even so, some fragments are too small, or even distant of other fragment thus showing the need for greater conservation both species. In this chapter emphasizes the importance of having large fragments when there is occurrence of more than one species and a better connection between fragments when these are smaller to facilitate the migration of primates among the fragments.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T13:34:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-12T14:08:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T14:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosRobertoMonteiroDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1200664 bytes, checksum: 855d06a14e56c6a1a0d86a0597cc261e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A perda de h?bitat e a fragmenta??o est?o entre as maiores amea?as a biodiversidade, podendo levar a decl?nios de comunidades biol?gicas. As respostas a essas perturba??es dependem de fatores da paisagem e tamb?m de fatores intr?nsecos aos fragmentos, al?m de poderem ser diferentes entre esp?cies. O presente trabalho avalia como a ?rea do fragmento, isolamento, forma, qualidade da matriz e a dist?ncia para o curso de ?gua permanente (rio ou lago) mais pr?ximo afetam a riqueza e a abund?ncia de borboletas frug?voras em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica no nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado em 15 fragmentos com ?reas entre 1,7 e 27,4 hectares, inseridos em uma matriz dominada por planta??es de cana-de-a??car e distantes da ?gua entre 0 e cerca de 2000 metros. A riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia declinaram com o aumento da dist?ncia para ?gua. A sele??o de modelos sugeriu que a dist?ncia para ?gua ? o principal fator influenciando riqueza e abund?ncia, mas qualidade da matriz tamb?m apareceu como importante fator para a riqueza, enquanto forma do fragmento aparece como fator importante para abund?ncia. Nossos resultados destacam a import?ncia da dist?ncia para um curso de ?gua na manuten??o de comunidades de borboletas frug?voras em ambientes fragmentados de Mata Atl?ntica. / Habitat loss and fragmentation are the biggest threats to biodiversity, contributing to declines in biological communities. The response of species and communities to these disturbances depend on landscape features and characteristics of each fragment, and can also vary among different species. Our study test how fragment area, isolation, shape, matrix quality and distance to the nearest permanent course of water (river or pond) affect fruit-feeding butterfly communities in the northeastern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We used 15 fragments, surrounded by a heterogeneous matrix, consisting predominantly of sugarcane crop fields, ranging from 1,7 to 27,4 hectares, spread in distance classes to a permanent course of water ranging from zero to 2000 meters. Species richness and abundance decreased with increased distance to water. Model selection suggested distance to the water as the main factor affecting species richness and abundance, but matrix quality is also an important predictor for species richness, while fragment shape is important for abundance. Our results highlight the importance of distance to a water course in maintaining fruit-feeding butterflies communities in fragmented landscapes in the Atlantic Forest.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-19T18:08:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Corina Anah? Barrera.pdf: 2798404 bytes, checksum: 56ddd89ceb87a772a2bc0299c858947e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T18:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Corina Anah? Barrera.pdf: 2798404 bytes, checksum: 56ddd89ceb87a772a2bc0299c858947e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CNPq / Habitat loss is one of the main threats to global biodiversity. In fragmented habitats, species have more limited capacity for dispersal and as a result are at higher risk of extinction. However, different species respond differently to this kind of disturbance. Therefore, community structure, interspecific interactions, and ecological functions become altered, and the magnitude and direction of the changes are unpredictable. Host-parasitoid interactions are an example of interactions that can be highly impacted, and in the tropics, interactions between parasitoids and ants are among the most relevant. In the Neotropics, leaf-cutting ants are considered dominant herbivores and play a key role in ecosystem functioning. These ants can also become agricultural pests, and therefore their biological control is of high economic importance. An important group of natural enemies of leaf-cutting ants are the dipteran parasitoids of the family Phoridae. Interactions between phorid parasitoids and leaf-cutting ants in a fragmented region of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil comprise a promising model system to study the impacts of habitat fragmentation, since phorids are the most important parasitoids of these ants and show a high degree of specialization for host ant species. The overall goal of this work was to study the effects of reduction in forest cover, one of the most important negative impacts of fragmentation, upon phorid parasitoids of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex niger, a common species in the Southeastern Atlantic Forest. This work was conducted at the Guapia?u Ecological Reserve (REGUA) and surrounding areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Ten forest fragments of different sizes (five large >80 ha and five small <20 ha) were sampled, as well as three regions of continuous forest (>1000 ha). One to five colonies of A. niger were marked in the interior of each fragment and continuous forest location. At each nest, all of the phorids in interaction with the worker ants were collected for a period of 15 minutes and later identified in the laboratory. Additionally, approximately 200 worker ants were collected from each colony and maintained in the laboratory for the rearing of parasitoids. For the data analysis were made analysis of variance and simple regression. Were identified three genus of phorids: Myrmosicarius, Apocephalus and Neodohrniphora both observed in the field in interactions with the workers as reared in the laboratory from workers collected in the field. The total phorid abundance, total parasitism percentage, and genus richness of immature phorids were significantly greater in continuous forest sites than forest fragments, while there were no significant differences between large and small fragments. The abundance of Apocephalus and the parasitism percentage of Myrmosicarius were also greater in the continuous forest sites, but the difference was only significant in comparison to small forest fragments. These results have provided the first evidence about the effects of habitat size on the phorid-Acromyrmex system in tropical rain forest, through an evaluation of the abundance and richness of parasitoids as adults in the field and the reared of immature phorids in the laboratory. / A perda de habitats ? uma das principais amea?as para a biodiversidade global. Em ambientes fragmentados as esp?cies ficam com menor capacidade de dispers?o e suas intera??es s?o mais propensas ? extin??o. Todavia, as esp?cies s?o afetadas de maneira diferente por este tipo de perturba??o. Desta forma, a estrutura da comunidade, as intera??es interespec?ficas e as fun??es ecol?gicas s?o alteradas e a magnitude e dire??o das mudan?as s?o imprevis?veis. As intera??es parasit?ide-hospedeiro s?o um exemplo das que podem ser muito afetadas. Dentre elas, as intera??es entre parasit?ides e formigas est?o entre as mais relevantes. Certos grupos de formigas, como as cortadeiras, podem se tornar pragas agr?colas, portanto seu controle biol?gico ? de suma import?ncia. Essas formigas possuem um papel chave nos ecossistemas, pois s?o consideradas os herb?voros dominantes da regi?o Neotropical. Um grupo importante de inimigos naturais de formigas cortadeiras s?o os d?pteros parasit?ides da fam?lia Phoridae. Intera??es entre for?deos parasit?ides e formigas cortadeiras em uma regi?o fragmentada da Mata Atl?ntica comp?em um modelo bastante promissor para sua investiga??o como indicador dos impactos causados pela fragmenta??o de habitats, pois os for?deos s?o os parasit?ides mais importantes dessas formigas e possuem uma forte especializa??o nas mesmas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da perda da superf?cie florestal sobre os for?deos parasit?ides da formiga cortadeira Acromyrmex niger, uma esp?cie comum na Mata Atl?ntica. Este trabalho foi realizado na Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u (REGUA) e arredores no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram amostrados dez fragmentos florestais de diferentes tamanhos (cinco grandes >80 ha e cinco pequenos <20 ha) e tr?s regi?es de floresta cont?nua (>1000 ha). Uma a cinco col?nias de A. niger foram marcadas no interior de cada fragmento e local de mata cont?nua. Sobre cada ninho, durante 15 minutos, todos os for?deos em intera??o com as oper?rias foram coletados e depois identificados. Tamb?m, em cada col?nia amostrada, foram coletadas aproximadamente 200 oper?rias e mantidas para cria??o dos parasit?ides. Para a an?lise de dados foram feitas an?lises de vari?ncia e regress?es simples. Foram identificados tr?s g?neros de for?deos: Myrmosicarius, Apocephalus e Neodohrniphora, tanto observados no campo em intera??es com as oper?rias quanto criados em laborat?rio a partir de oper?rias coletadas no campo. A abund?ncia total, a porcentagem de parasitoidismo total, a riqueza de g?neros de for?deos adultos observados no campo e a riqueza de g?neros de for?deos imaturos, foram significativamente maiores nos locais de floresta cont?nua sem diferen?as significativas entre fragmentos grandes e pequenos. A abund?ncia de Apocephalus e a porcentagem de parasitoidismo de Myrmosicarius tamb?m foram maiores em locais de mata cont?nua, mas com diferencias significativas s? em rela??o aos fragmentos pequenos. Os resultados ofereceram a primeira evidencia dos efeitos do tamanho do habitat sobre o sistema for?deo-Acromyrmex em floresta tropical ?mida, avaliando em conjunto a presen?a de for?deos adultos no campo e a porcentagem de parasitoidismo determinada atrav?s de m?todos experimentais no campo e no laborat?rio.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizVBM_DISSERT.pdf: 1648951 bytes, checksum: a7707da0afbbaf8f737a2bec45324476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-08 / The habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main threats to the biodiversity. These threats operate at the landscape level, which drives the need to manage entire landscapes, not just its components. Although systematic monitoring of the Atlantic Forest biome has been ongoing since the late eighties, current data on forest fragmentation for the sub-region of Pernambuco are practically nonexistent. This study aimed to map out, with high spatial resolution, the remnants of Atlantic forest in Rio Grande do Norte, and conduct a landscape level analysis. The results show that the landscape is highly fragmented, where about 13.6% to 17% of biome remains. Most of the fragments is less than 10 ha, while a few fragments have area larger than 100 ha. Although the high degree of fragmentation, the average distance between fragments found was small (128 m), this estimate is lower than has been observed for the biome (1440m). There is evidence that abrupt changes in the quantification of landscape structure can occur when one observes the fragmentation at high spatial resolution. The results presented here can be used in management actions, in order to make the scenario more conducive to maintaining biodiversity. / A perda e fragmenta??o de habitat s?o consideradas as principais amea?as a biodiversidade. Essas amea?as atuam ao n?vel da paisagem, o que impele a necessidade de manejar paisagens por inteiro e n?o somente suas componentes. Embora o acompanhamento sistem?tico do bioma Mata Atl?ntica venha sendo feito desde o final da d?cada de oitenta, dados atualizados sobre fragmenta??o florestal para a sub-regi?o de Pernambuco s?o praticamente inexistentes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear, sobre imagens de alta resolu??o espacial, os remanescentes do bioma Mata Atl?ntica no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e conduzir uma an?lise ao n?vel de paisagem. Os resultados mostram que a paisagem encontra-se altamente fragmentada, onde restam cerca 13,6% a 17% dos remanescentes florestais do bioma. A grande maioria dos fragmentos ? menor do que 10 ha, enquanto poucos fragmentos possuem ?rea maior do que 100 ha. Embora seja elevado o grau de fragmenta??o, a dist?ncia m?dia entre fragmentos encontrada foi pequena (128 m), essa estimativa ? menor do que a que tem sido observada para o bioma (1440m). H? ind?cios de que mudan?as bruscas na quantifica??o da estrutura da paisagem podem ocorrer quando se observa a fragmenta??o em alta resolu??o espacial. Os resultados aqui apresentados podem ser utilizados em a??es de manejo, com vistas a tornar o cen?rio mais prop?cio ? manuten??o da biodiversidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WagnerMP.pdf: 330782 bytes, checksum: f5d5f4c1bf8c530a43ac4e2b47a0b8f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-01 / This dissertation analyses, within a psychoanalytical e literary perspective, the enigma of blindness in Graciliano Ramos s work. The approach takes into account, mainly, the narratives of Hist?rias de Alexandre (Alexandre s tales) and Inf?ncia (Childhood memories) as both books speak of the same theme: the injured eye. The writer s work is scourged so that a broaden symbolism regarding the hurt eye can be found. The subject is discussed from three significant elements: fragmentation, helplessness and melancholy; all these form the creative aesthetic of Graciliano, merging into a single object. Fragmentation representing the internal shattered world of his characters, which is reflected in the environment; helplessness, directly related to feelings of rejection; and melancholy, characterized by a strong feeling of emptiness. The theme of isolation and loss is discussed based on Mourning and melancholy, by Freud, and other theorizers. There is also a brief dialogue with the Romantic and philosophical theories, which tries to explain the melancholic condition in the individual before moments of distress. Such theories are the support for the understanding of the helplessness of the hero in Graciliano Ramos?s literature and for the assumption that the blindness in the mistreated boy of the book Inf?ncia could be the language of the traumatic aspect that colors the entire text of the writer. As matter of fact, it constitutes in the lost object represented in the anguish of the author s characters / Este trabalho analisa, dentro de uma perspectiva psicanal?tica e liter?ria, o enigma da cegueira na obra do escritor Graciliano Ramos. A abordagem sobre tal aspecto privilegia as narrativas de Hist?rias de Alexandre e Inf?ncia, pois ambos os livros falam de um mesmo tema: o olho ferido. Busca-se, em toda a obra do autor, uma simbologia maior para essa chaga que impregna tanto o texto de fic??o quanto o de mem?ria. O assunto ? abordado a partir de tr?s elementos significativos: a fragmenta??o, o desamparo e a melancolia. Todos estes integram a est?tica criativa de Graciliano, formando um ?nico objeto. A fragmenta??o representando o esfacelamento interno de seus personagens, refletido no mundo exterior; o desamparo, diretamente relacionado ao sentimento de rejei??o familiar e social; e a melancolia, caracterizada pelo forte sentimento de solid?o, pelo saudosismo profundo que envolve toda a obra. O tema do isolamento e da perda ? discutido tendo como base Luto e melancolia, de Freud, e na an?lise de outros te?ricos que discutem o mesmo assunto. Trava-se, ainda, um breve di?logo com as teorias rom?nticas e filos?ficas, as quais tentaram explicar o estado melanc?lico do indiv?duo diante de momentos angustiantes. Tais teorias servem de suporte para a compreens?o do desamparo do her?i em Graciliano Ramos e para conjeturar que a cegueira no menino maltratado de Inf?ncia seria a linguagem do aspecto traum?tico. Esta linguagem perpassa o discurso do escritor, marcando-o com a fragmenta??o e a falta, constituindo-se no objeto perdido que se revela na ang?stia de seus personagens