The thesis "Changes in Landscape and Population in the Czech Borderlands after 1945 with a Focus on the Hrubý Jeseník Area" describes and looks into transformations of our country's borderlands from the end of World War II to circa 1960. The thesis summarizes a series of complex events and processes. Key subtopics include the expulsion of former inhabitants and the settlement of newcomers. Tied or directly linked to these two subtopics are various other processes that took place in the area. The thesis touches upon forced collectivization, the disappearance of human dwellings, landscape changes, the state authorities that implemented borderlands policy, population groups moved to this area, the return migration from the borderlands, the settlement efforts in the 1950s, etc. Another part of the thesis expounds post-war circumstances in the Hrubý Jeseník area, i.e. in the districts of Bruntál, Rýmařov, Jeseník, and Šumperk. Since after the war, the failure of the settlement policy has had immediate and long-term consequences for this region, even more so than in other border areas. The chapter about Hrubý Jeseník presents the main reasons of the region's sparse population and profound transformations. Changes in the population and life of a foothill village are illustrated with an example of Dolní...

The development of the border municipality Rozvadov since 1948 and its consecutive transformation after the year 1989 entailed two significant antipodes regarding the existence of the municipality as well as the lives of its inhabitants. In this master thesis, I tried the to capture the lifetime of the municipality before 1989 and its relatively substantial transformation in the era after the Velvet Revolution. This transformation is still under way. I use the oral history interviews with 17 vernacular narrators as a primary source. In the first part of the thesis, I observe the after-war resettlement of the researched area, the organizing of the border security policy and also the life in the direct vicinity of the "Iron Curtain" as it was perceived by the inhabitants. The second part of the thesis is first of all focused on the social transformation of the municipality and the concomitent effects following the change of the political regime. The aim of the thesis is to determine the most problematic aspects of the transformation of the Rozvadov municipality after 1989 from the perspective of the local inhabitants (but not exclusively). The main emphasis is put on the fact how these concomitent effects - the development of the sexual industry, Asian Markets or the construction of the casino - have...

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Pre-modern conceptualization of shifting borderlands and territories rather than fixed boundaries often allowed for the dynamic flow of peoples between polities. Until the late 1800s and the colonization of Burma in 1886 by the British Empire, this permeability of the borders of its territory was how Siam (currently Thailand) viewed its geo-political sphere (Thomson 1995:272). Britain extended the boundaries of its empire beyond India to guarantee the economic interests of the British Empire. With this push eastward, Siam abutted a polity that rejected the idea of shifting borderlands. The British ascribed to the modern concept of non-permeability of borders. This concept brought with it a rigidity of perception that extended beyond geographical frameworks to also psychologically limit the interpersonal connections of Siam's multi-ethnic minority populations and the Tai ethnic majority (Keyes 1979:54, Marlowe 1979:203, Thomson 1995:281). Ancient residents of what was once the borderland area, the Karen, lost their status as a valuable part of a symbiotic relationship with the dominant Thai polity and were placed within a discourse of opposing binary factions. The Karen, once respected as stewards of the remote forestlands, became part of a larger group of peoples all of which have been labeled as the "hill tribes" (Trakarnsuphakorn 1997:218). This paper addresses how globalization and these social and political changes have resulted in marginalizing a group of diverse peoples who are now viewed as a threat to the security of the nation-states in which they reside. The discussion continues with a look at how the narrative about the Karen has changed and introduces a proposal for constructing a new empowering for the Karen.

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Dans le domaine des études frontalières, des ouvrages théoriques aussi bien qu’historiques ont contribué à élargir le corpus des analyses visant à définir qualitativement et quantitativement les mécaniques de la construction et les interactions de groupes le long de la frontière entre les Etats-Unis et le Mexique. La majorité de ces ouvrages représente soit, historiquement, une apologie de la conquête anglo-américaine de la région frontalière et par là une minimisation de la pluralité de la culture frontalière, ou plus récemment, une déconstruction théorique de la dynamique de la frontière coloniale favorisant les contributions et la condition des minorités, notamment dans le domaine des études hispaniques et Chicano. Dans les deux cas, l’importance des nuances et des spécificités régionales des interactions est minimisée dans l’optique de soutenir des positionnements théoriques ou historiques. Sans chercher à dévaluer ni à négliger ce riche héritage analytique, notre thèse tente de développer le corpus existant d’ouvrages d’études frontalières en se concentrant sur la région de San Diego, Californie, pendant sa période formative allant de la fin du XVIIIe siècle au début du XXe siècle, en se basant sur des développements récents dans de multiples disciplines ainsi qu’en revisitant les sources canoniques. Notre objectif est de répondre à des questions telles que : à la lumière des recherches actuelles, et vue à travers le prisme des représentations des constructions identitaires personnelles et communautaires, la culture régionale historique de San Diego peut-elle être considérée comme étant unique et essentiellement hybride par nature ? Si oui, comment la révision de cette culture historique affecte-t-elle la construction et l’interprétation des théories frontalières contemporaines telles qu’elles s’appliquent à ce site ? Quels sont les implications et les enjeux pour une région qui se développe rapidement - culturellement, économiquement et politiquement ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, une contextualisation historique a été établie se focalisant sur les thèmes d’hybridité et de mixité. Suivent alors une description et une analyse détaillées de la population régionale et des espaces physiques de vie et de travail créés par cette population, en terme de tendance générale mais aussi par l’étude de cas spécifiques de sites architecturels emblématiques et de figures historiques clés pendant chacune des périodes de gouvernance spécifiques : espagnole, mexicaine et états-unienne. Les résultats de ces études sont examinés à travers les points de vue historiques canoniques, et les paradigmes des théories contemporaines d’études frontalières, les confrontant à une discussion plus large et les plaçant dans le contexte des changements démographiques, socio-économiques et politiques actuels. Les résultats de notre étude privilégient une complexification de l’analyse des constructions des interactions et identités le long de la frontière entre les Etats-Unis et le Mexique, avec une reconnaissance croissante des constructions hybrides dans les sphères locales. / In the field of borderland studies, both theoretical and historical works have contributed to a growing body of analysis that seeks both qualitatively and quantitatively to define the mechanics of group construction and interaction along the U.S./Mexican border. The majority of these works have focused on either, historically, an apology for the Anglo-American conquest of the border region and thus a minimization of the pluralistic composition of border culture or, more recently, a theoretical deconstruction of the colonial border dynamic which favors the minority contributions and condition, notably in Hispanic and Chicano studies.In both cases, the nuances and regional specificities of interaction are downplayed in favor of encompassing theoretical or historical positionings. While not seeking to devalue or to disregard this rich analytical heritage, our thesis strives to expand upon the existing body of borderland study work by focusing on the region of San Diego, California during the formative period between the late 18th and early 19th centuries using recent developments in multiple disciplines as well as revisiting the canonic sources.Our objective is to answer questions such as the following: In the light of current research, and viewed through the prism of representations of personal and community identity constructs, can the historic regional culture of San Diego be viewed as unique and essentially hybrid in nature? If so, how does the revision of this historic culture affect the construction and interpretation of contemporary borderland theories as it applies to this site? What are the implications and stakes for a rapidly developing region – culturally, economically, and politically?In order to answer these questions, a historical contextualization has been established that focuses on the themes of hybridity and mixity. A detailed description and analysis are then made of the regional population and the physical living and working spaces created by it, both in terms of general trends and specific case studies of emblematic architectural site and key historic figures during each of the successive periods of regional governance: Spanish, Mexican and United States. The results of these studies are examined through the optic of canonic historical viewpoints and contemporary theoretical paradigms of borderland study, subjecting them to a broader discussion and placing them within the context of current demographic, socio-economic, and political change. The results of our study favors a complexification of the analysis of interactions and identity constructs along the U.S.-Mexican border, with increasing recognition of hybrid constructs in local spheres.

After falling under the power of the Russian Crown, the Northern Black Sea steppe from the end of eighteenth century crystallized as the Russian government’s prime venue for socioeconomic and sociocultural reinvention and colonization. Vast ethnic, sociocultural and even ecological changes followed.  Present study is preoccupied with the marriage of the immigrant population from the German lands who came to the region in the course of its state orchestrated colonization, and was officially categorized as “German colonists.” The book illuminates the multiple ways in which marriage and household formation among the colonists was instrumentalized by the imperial politics in the Northern Black Sea steppe, and conditioned by socioeconomic rationality of its colonization. Marriage formation and dissolution among the colonists were gradually absorbed into the competencies of the colonial vertical power. Intending to control colonist marriage and household formation through the introduced marriage regime, the Russian government and its regional representatives lacked the actual means to exert this control at the local level. On the ground, however, imperial politics was mediated by the people it targeted, and by the functionaries tasked with its implementation. As the study reveals, the paramount importance was given to functional households and sustainable farms based on non-conflictual relations between parties. Situated on the crossroads of state, church, community, and personal interests, colonist marriage engendered clashes between secular and ecclesiastical bodies over the supremacy over it. The interplay of colonization as politics, and colonization as an imperial situation with respect to the marriage of the German colonists is explored in this book by concentrating on both norms and practices. Another important consideration is the ways gender and colonization constructed and determined one another reciprocally, both in legal norms and in actual practices. Secret divorces and unauthorized marriages, open and hidden defiance, imitations and unruliness, refashioning of rituals and discourses, and desertions – a number of strategies and performances which challenged and negotiated the marriage regime in the region, were scholarly examined for the first time in this book. / År 1804 formulerade tsar Alexander I:s regering nya riktlinjer för rysk migrationspolitik. Invandrare från de krigshärjade tyska länderna skulle värvas till kolonisering av stäppen norr om Svarta havet i en omfattande kampanj orkestrerad av den ryska staten. Dessa nykomlingar, som av myndigheterna kategoriserades som “tyska kolonister,” etablerade kolonier i hela regionen inom ett par årtionden. Boken presenterar den första studien av hur äktenskap och hushållsformering användes som instrument i den ryska koloniseringspolitiken i området, och hur dessa faktorer primärt styrdes av koloniseringens socioekonomiska rationalitet. Stabila hushåll och jordbruk som genererade avkastning eftersträvades in i det längsta. Ibland ledde detta till konflikter mellan den sekulära och den andliga makten om tolkningsföreträde rörande äktenskapets upplösning och ingående. Genom analys av både normer och praxis blottläggs samspelet mellan kolonisering som politik, och kolonisering som en imperiesituation, där äktenskapet och hushållet omförhandlades i skärningspunkten mellan myndigheter, kyrkosamfund, lokalsamhälle och enskilda. Studien visar att den ryska centralmakten och dess regionala representanter saknade verktyg för att utöva den effektiva kontroll som eftersträvades över kolonistäktenskap och hushållsformering på lokal nivå. Denna slutsats stöds genom att ett antal strategier och handlingsmönster som utmanade och bidrog till att omförhandla äktenskapsregimen i regionen identifieras och diskuteras.

Orientador: Maria Viviane do Amaral Veras / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_ThaisRibeiro_M.pdf: 823992 bytes, checksum: c6729e69eab67c4473cd6a137925372d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Historicamente, a tradução tem sido pensada em função de pares dicotômicos (original/tradução; autor/tradutor; domesticação/estrangeirização; língua-fonte/línguaalvo), raciocínio que revela a crença na possibilidade de uma língua homogênea e estanque. Contudo, em comunidades cuja política e sociedade são fortemente marcadas por fatores de heterogeneidade étnica e linguística, tal crença fica abalada, sobretudo, quando se nota a enorme diversidade de línguas decorrente dessa heterogeneidade, tanto nas interações entre os falantes quanto na literatura. Esse é o caso da literatura chicana, que constitui o corpus desta pesquisa, sendo representada por Gloria Anzaldúa e Rolando Hinojosa, autores de Borderlands/La Frontera - The New Mestiza e Dear Rafe/Mi Querido Rafa, respectivamente. Tais obras, guardadas suas singularidades, apresentam marcas de heterogeneidade linguística (a escrita construída a partir do inglês, do espanhol e até mesmo do nahuatl, língua falada no império asteca; o codeswitching [ou alternância de código]; o braiding languages [ou entrelaçamento de línguas]; a subversão dos limites dos gêneros textuais) que desafiam qualquer projeto tradutório que se paute por noções tradicionais de língua e tradução. Com base nesse panorama, analisamos neste trabalho as possibilidades de reflexão que as obras do corpus podem oferecer ao campo dos estudos da tradução e as consequências de tal reflexão para a ética e para o tradutor (se é possível pensarmos em um único perfil). Tal reflexão é feita com base em conceitos e ideias propostos por linguistas, tradutores e teóricos da tradução de linha pós-estruturalista, tais como Lawrence Venuti, Kanavillil Rajagopalan e Alexis Nouss, pensadores de orientação pós-moderna, como Jacques Derrida, e teóricos de linha pós-colonialista, como Homi Bhabha / Abstract: Translation theories have been historically based on dichotomies (original/translation; author/translator; domestication/foreignisation; source language/target language). Such discourse unveils the belief in the possibility of linguistic homogeneity. Nevertheless, such belief becomes unsustainable in communities which politics and society are expressly marked by ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity issues, and mainly by the enormous range of linguistic diversity due to such heterogeneity, among speakers and in the literature. Chicano literature is an example, and two of the major Chicano works constitute the corpus of this research: Gloria Anzaldúa's Borderlands/La Frontera - The New Mestiza and Rolando Hinojosa's Dear Rafe/Mi Querido Rafa. Besides their own singularities, these two books are marked by linguistic heterogeneity (the writing is based on English, Spanish and Nahuatl, originally spoken in the Aztec empire; the codeswitching, the braiding languages; the transgression of genre boundaries) and defy any attempt of translation based on traditionalist language conceptions. Based on that, we propose an analysis of how the corpus of this research allows new possibilities of thinking translation and the consequences of these analyses for a translation ethics and for the translator (if we can think in such terms). Such analysis is based on concepts and ideas proposed by poststructuralist linguists, translators and translation theorists such as Lawrence Venuti, Kanavillil Rajagopalan, and Alexis Nouss. We also base our study on the works of postmodern thinkers, such as Jacques Derrida, and postcolonialist writers, such as Homi Bhabha / Mestrado / Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

This thesis explores literary code-switching, i.e. multilingual aspects within a single speech, as a key polyphonic structural element in the selected works. First, it analyzes Gloria Anzaldúa's Borderlands: The New Mestiza = La Frontera (1987) as a work, where the author seeks to establish a literary tradition that would reflect the life in borderlands and the given community through a new language. Secondly, the language of photography and multilingual speech patterns in W. G. Sebald's The Emigrants (1992) are considered as vital elements of the authenticity play. The following chapter deals with Franz Kafka's short stories, where gestures form an essential part of, if not the whole stories, and determine the fragmentary nature of such writing. Finally, the importance of language of power, the discourse of social realism altogether with their emergence into private and intimate discussions through repetitions and variations is commented upon in Václav Havel's play The Garden Party (1963).