A Web Of Eyes: Irony and romanticism in the works of Jorge Luis Borges and Julio Cortázar (Mgr. Vít Kazmar) Abstract The present doctoral thesis offers an interpretation of the works of Borges and Cortázar through the lens of romantic irony. It outlines the origin of the notion of irony from greek drama through philosophical dialogue to rhetorics. The main focus of the work is Schlegel's concept of romantic irony. Various aspects serve as a basis for the interpretation of the work of both Argentine writers in particular chapters: the struggle between enthusiasmus and scepsis in Borges (litotes) and Cortázar (novelistic dialogue), motive of the double, reflexivity in literature written in the spanish language from Cervantes to Borges, focusing on Borges' sources of inspiration (Carlyle, Fernández, Unamuno); Cortázars reflexive short stories, heteronyms of both authors (Morelli, Ménard); and finally the tendency to see the world from above, to constant transcendence of perspective in Borges' short stories and poems and in Cortázar's novel 62: A model kit, as well as in his poetics based on the works of John Keats.

El presente trabajo consiste en una relectura del cuento Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote de Jorge Luís Borges como cuento fantástico y en relación con las teorías postestructuralistas. El texto en cuestión se presenta a sí mismo como un comentario crítico a la reciente muerte de un autor. Según nos dice el narrador, este autor, Pierre Menard, habría escrito dos capítulos de El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, idénticos a los que Miguel de Cervantes redactara a inicios del siglo XVII. El narrador entonces compara los dos textos, el de Menard y el de Cervantes, los interpreta desde sus contextos históricos y las vidas de sus autores, y juzga que el de Menard tiene mayor valor en su significado, por más que ambos textos sean idénticos.

Male or female, young or old, the characters of this collection inhabit a liminal space of trauma and social dislocation in which elements of the real and fabulous coexist in equal measure. The ghosts that populate the stories are as much the ghosts of the living, as they are the ghosts of the dead. They represent individual conscience and an inescapable connection to the past.

The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the so far ignored topic of fictional languages in literature. In the first part it focuses mainly on the function of the fictional languages in the literary works, and analyses the basic options of the fictional languages classification, based on whether they can be labeled as an independent work of art, as an autonomous part of a work, or as an instrument of the aesthetic function in the work. Furthermore, it divides the fictional languages in accordance to the way in which they take effect, either through the expression-form, through the expression- substance, through the content-form, or through the content-substance, taking the terminology from the Louis Hjelmslev's sign model. The second part consists of the analysis of the cases of fictional language usage in prose; these usages are grouped into three divisions. Languages, which help to create an invented world (and eventually add up to its authenticity), are represented by J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional languages. The dystopian languages include Newspeak from the novel Nineteen Eighty Four by George Orwell, ptydepe and chorukor from the play The Memorandum by V. Havel, and "Moon Czech" from the prose The True Excursion of Mr. Brouček to the Moon by S. Čech. Fictional languages related to philosophy are...

OLivro de Travesseiro (Makura no Sôshi), de Sei Shônagon, escrito entre o fim do século X e o início do XI, possui hoje inegável status canônico no contexto da literatura japonesa. Ao mesmo tempo, é o texto japonês mais traduzido do mundo, ocupando lugar estável na lista de títulos que são considerados como pertencentes à Weltliteratur, com uma adaptação cinematográfica (O Livro de Cabeceira, de Peter Greenaway, 1996) e duas versões para o português do Brasil (2008 e 2013). A posteridade tratou as enumerações presentes no texto como tópicos poéticos, ou mesmo, contemporaneamente, como poesia - principalmente em tradução. As listas revelam uma atitude lúdica com relação à linguagem e àquilo que Foucault chamava de "categorias do pensamento" Nesse sentido, o texto de Sei Shônagon pode ser posto em diálogo com o olhar de estranheza em relação à categorização racionalista, que é a premissa de As Palavras e as Coisas (Michel Foucault, 1966) e com a obra de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra de Sei Shônagon mobiliza diversas camadas de conceitos problemáticos ao mesmo tempo. Por outro lado, nenhuma dessas categorias se aplica a O Livro de Travesseiro sem provocar, por sua vez, desestabilizações conceituais. A questão da autoria feminina e de sua relação com a figura do pai e com a cultura do patriarcado reaparece em O Livro de Cabeceira, na trajetória de liberação pela escrita da personagem principal do filme. Essas possíveis leituras dos textos propostos contribuem para a problematização de questões relacionadas à autoria, ao conhecimento, à tradução e à adaptação. / The Pillow Book (Makura no Sõshi) of Sei Shônagon, written between the end of the tenth and the beginning of the eleventh century, has attained undeniable canonical status in the context o f Japanese Literature. lt also is the most translated ]a panes e text in the world, and occupies a stable place in the list of works that are considered as belonging to the realm of Weltliteratur. It has been adapted to the screen outside Japan (The Pillow Book by Peter Greenaway, 1996) and translated twice to Brazilian Portuguese (in 2008 and 2013). Later generations of readers have treated the text's enumerations as catalogues of poetic topics or even, since the beginning of the twentieth century, and especially in translation, as poetry. The lists show a playful approach to language and to what Foucault has called the "categories of thought". In this sense, Sei Shõnagon's reuvre can be read in resonance with Foucault's Les Mots et les Choses (1966) and its attempt to defamiliarize rational categorization, a conceptual device which can also be found in the work ofJorge Luis Borges. Sei Shõnagon's work simultaneously mobilizes severallayers of problematíc concepts. On the other hand, none of these categories applies to lhe Pillow Book without engendering further conceptual destabilization. The issues of female authorship and woman authors' relationships with their fathers in a patriarchal culture reappear in the film, in the main character's journey towards liberation through writing. Those possible readings of the proposed texts contribute to the problematization of issues related to authorship, knowledge, translation and adaptation.

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Literatura Hispanoamericana y Chilena. / La lectura, postulamos, es el tema de la escritura de Borges y la presente investigación ensaya esclarecer, a través del análisis de su texto y de las condiciones de su enunciación, el tema de la lectura elevado por esa obra a experiencia fundamental. El "enunciado borgeano" define su singularidad en el hecho de especularizar narrativamente (como intriga y peripecia) la experiencia -extremedamente sofisticada- de lectura sobre sus propias condiciones literarias de enunciación.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Literatura mención teoría literaria

En el siguiente trabajo intentaré realizar una lectura del cuento “El Sur” del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges, considerando sus aspectos fantásticos, los cuales son reconocibles en el texto. Para esto aplicaré distintas teorías de lo fantástico y también referencias a algunos ensayos del propio Borges. Los objetivos son, en primer lugar, determinar que en este cuento lo fantástico se construye a través del discurso, la escritura o la palabra de su protagonista, en la medida que considero en mi postulación que el discurso de Juan Dahlmann crea una realidad otra. La realidad que Dahlmann construye mediante la narración consiste en su elección de cómo morir. En segundo lugar, me interesa establecer la importancia de la lectura en la configuración de la realidad, a partir de la concepción borgeana del mundo como biblioteca y de la figura de Dahlmann como bibliotecario y asiduo lector.

This dissertation comparatively analyzes the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, a nineteenth century American, and Jorge Luis Borges, a twentieth-century Argentinian, within the context of human rights. Through their writings, both Emerson and Borges provided a voice to the voiceless by addressing the most egregious violations of human rights during their respective days: For Emerson, the most virulent social ill was slavery; for Borges, it was fascism. While Emerson and Borges differ in several ways, they are remarkably similar in their emphasis of natural laws and natural rights, notably egalitarianism and liberty, which underpin humanity and comprise an integral aspect of civilization. By counteracting the antithesis of civilization, barbarism, the works of Emerson and Borges ultimately embody the tenets that would ultimately constitute The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Thus, Emerson and Borges are indelibly linked through serving as harbingers of human rights. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

L'acquisition, la gestion et la préservation de nouveaux savoirs apparaissent comme une obsession universelle et intemporelle des sociétés évoluées. Les façons d'y parvenir sont nombreuses et les projets ponctuent la grande histoire de la connaissance. De la célèbre Bibliothèque d'Alexandrie, détruite par les flammes, à l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert, symbole de l'idéal rationaliste des Lumières, l'ambition et la démesure de ces entreprises enflamment l'imagination du publIc et des créateurs. A l'origine de l'encyclopédisme se trouvent la pulsion de conservation et la crainte de la perte qui motivent un désir de complétude, de totalité: le savoir absolu. Mais la totalité peut également être terrifiante: comment s'y retrouver? Ces questions ont inspiré de nombreux auteurs de tous les pays, de tous les genres littéraires, de tous les statuts institutionnels et les ont poussés à s'interroger davantage sur la place du savoir dans la société et dans l'imaginaire. Si l'encyclopédie tente de refléter le monde, les encyclopédies imaginaires en promettent d'autres. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, certaines oeuvres d'auteurs très différents sont analysées dans cette perspective encyclopédique de totalisation des savoirs (concept qui inclut celui de bibliothèque totale). Il s'agit de deux nouvelles de l'auteur argentin Jorge Luis Borges, «Tlön Uqbar Orbis Tertius» et «La Bibliothèque de Babel »; le roman Foundation de l'auteur américain d'origine russe Isaac Asimov; et finalement, Les Fourmis, écrit par l'auteur français contemporain Bernard Werber. Différentes approches théoriques sont utilisées selon les fonctions du discours encyclopédique dans la fiction littéraire: thématique, narrative, discursive, sémiotique. Pour ce faire, les théories épistémocritiques telles que développées notamment par Michel Pierssens (Le savoir à l'oeuvre) et Jean-Francois Chassay (Imaginer la science) servent à l'analyse des savoirs et de leur effet sur les textes. Les théories sémiotiques de la lecture d'Umberto Eco concernant l'encyclopédie de référence du Lecteur modèle (Lector in fabula), ainsi que celles développées par Richard Saint-Gelais à propos du concept de xénoencyclopédie (L'Empire du pseudo) qui permet la lisibilité des textes de science-fiction, sont également essentielles à l'analyse de l'encyclopédie imaginaire en tant que stratégies discursives didactiques. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Encyclopédie imaginaire, Encyclopédisme, Xénoencyclopédie, Bibliothèque totale, Gestion des savoirs, Epistémocritique, Jorge Luis Borges, Isaac Asimov, Bernard Werber, Science-fiction, Sémiotique de la lecture.