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Yes / This special issue gathers together a selection of short articles reflecting on the historical construction of inequality and race in the histories of archaeology. The articles also suggest ways in which the discipline might grapple with the—often obvious, sometimes subtle—consequences of that historical process. Solicited via an open call for papers in the summer of 2020 (one made with the aim of speedy publication), the breadth of the topics discussed in the articles reflect how inequality and race have become more prominent research themes within the histories of archaeology in the previous five-to-ten years. At the same time, the pieces show how research can—and should—be connected to attempts to promote social justice and an end to racial discrimination within archaeological practice, the archaeological profession, and the wider worlds with which the discipline interacts. Published at a time when a pandemic has not only swept the world, but also exposed such inequalities further, the special issue represents a positive intervention in what continues to be a contentious issue. / The EDH project was funded by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), project number AH/S004580/1, and conducted in compliance with UCL’s ethical guidance, project id 14901/001.

Lilian Westcott Hale (1880-1963) and her daughter Nancy Hale (1908-1988) built successful careers during a period of transition in America, as Victorian mores were replaced by new modern freedoms. Greater independence for women had evolved during the preceding century, before the influential cultural factors which occurred during the early twentieth century like urbanization and world war. This interdisciplinary analysis of Lilian Hale‘s artwork and Nancy Hale‘s writings demonstrates the imprint of the surrounding world on their work. Lilian Hale‘s art is influenced by her Victorian childhood, and Nancy Hale‘s fiction reveals many conflicts of the modern era. The study of these two women is enhanced by the wealth of primary documentation connecting their ideas and their lives to their artistic works. Both of the women ranked among the most respected in their fields during their lifetimes. Their works resonate with elements of their eras, demonstrating what it was to be a woman during the first half of the twentieth century. Lilian Westcott Hale and Nancy Hale both engage the gender constructs of their periods through their work. Lilian Westcott Hale‘s art is divided here into three distinct genres: her still lifes and landscapes express the confining environment the Victorian woman occupied; her idealized women reflect the period‘s taste for female perfection and beauty; her portraits and figure studies point to Hale‘s own distinction between males and females through their clothing and their poses. Unlike Lilian Westcott Hale, Nancy Hale demonstrates woman‘s new freedoms in an open manner, a result of the break with Victorianism. Hale‘s use of a literary medium allows her direct examination of the turmoil caused by the modern breakdown of Victorian structures. Lilian Westcott Hale refrains from harsh judgment of her daughter‘s world, while Nancy Hale‘s modern challenge of the previous era‘s standards leads her into troubling relationships and difficulties balancing her career with her personal life. Their work reveals the cultural ideologies of their respective eras and particularly the changes taking place for women.

Einleitung Mit dem zunehmenden Anteil älterer Menschen an der Bevölkerung rücken altersassoziierte Erkrankungen wie die Demenz immer stärker in den Fokus. Die zerebrale Mikroangiopathie (cerebral small vessel disease, CSVD) aus der Gruppe der vaskulären Demenzen zählt nach der Alzheimerdemenz (AD) zu den häufigste Erkrankungen dieser Gruppe und beeinträchtigt in ihrer häufigsten Form (subkortikale arteriosklerotische Enzephalopathie, SAE; syn. M. Binswanger) insbesondere subkortikale Funktionen wie das Ausführen mehrteiliger zielgerichteter Handlungen (Exekutivfunktionen) und visuomotorische Geschwindigkeit. Zugrunde liegend sind zerebrale Durchblutungsstörungen, welche sich bilddiagnostisch (bevorzugt MRT) als sogenannte White Matter Lesions (Marklagerläsionen) zeigen. Nicht selten sind diese und liquorchemische Hinweise auf eine Alzheimerdemenz im Sinne einer Mischdemenz (MD, hier CSVD+) koexistent. Eine klinische Differentialdiagnose ist durch die große Variabilität der neuropsychologischen Defizite bei Patienten mit zerebraler Mikroangiopathie häufig erschwert. Zielsetzung / Methoden Ziel dieser Arbeit war es demzufolge, weitere Erkenntnisse über die neuropsychologischen Ausfallprofile zu gewinnen und neue differentialdiagnostische Optionen zu den genannten Demenzformen zu erproben. Zu diesem Zweck wurden 89 Patienten mit White Matter Lesions in der MRT rekrutiert und mit Hilfe des MMST (&lt;/≥ 28 Punkte) in neuropsychologisch unauffällige (Kontrollgruppe, n = 37 Patienten) und kognitive beeinträchtigte Patienten unterteilt. Letztere wurden durch Untersuchung auf alzheimertypische Liquorparameter (Aβ-Quotient (Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42) und/oder Aβ1-42) nochmals in die beiden Untersuchungsgruppen Gruppe 1 CSVD (n = 22 Patienten) und Gruppe 2 CSVD+ (n = 29 Patienten) unterteilt. Alle Patienten wurden einer ausführlichen neuropsychologischen Evaluation (CAMCOG, Clox-Test, Trailmaking-Test, Boston Naming Test) unterzogen und die MRT-Bilder wurden mit Hilfe der Scale for Age-Related White Matter Lesions (ARWMC) ausgewertet. Als mögliches neues differentialdiagnostisches Hilfsmittel wurde der CAMCOG-Quotient (Gedächtnis/Exekutivfunktionen) auf seine Aussagekraft untersucht. Um mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit zu identifizieren, wurden Alter, Ausbildungszeit, Ausmaß der White Matter Lesiosns (ARWMC) und Geschlecht diesbezüglich untersucht. Ergebnisse Die Untersuchungsgruppen (CSVD, CSVD+) und die Kontrollgruppe unterschieden sich signifikant im Bereich des Alters und der Ausbildungszeit. Die Gruppen CSVD und CSVD+ ließen sich lediglich im Mini-Mental-Status-Test (p = 0,044) von einander unterscheiden. In Bezug auf die Belastung mit White Matter Lesions (ARWMC) bestanden zwischen allen drei Gruppen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Beide Untersuchungsgruppen zeigten deutliche kognitive Einschränkungen und ließen sich in jedem der durchgeführten neuropsychologischen Tests von der Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden. Jedoch zeigten sich vereinzelt auch in der Kontrollgruppe eindeutig pathologische Ergebnisse, die im MMST nicht erfasst worden waren. Zwischen den beiden Untersuchungsgruppen waren lediglich in Clox1 (p = 0,033) und dem neu entwickelten CAMCOG-Quotient (p < 0,01) Unterschiede feststellbar. Letzterer erzielte für die Detektion einer möglichen zusätzlichen Alzheimerdemenz bei einem Cutoff <1,18 eine Sensitivität von 61% und einer Spezifität von 81%. Bei der Untersuchung möglicher Einflussfaktoren auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit konnte für ein höheres Alter ein negativer Effekt nachgewiesen werden. Bei ausreichender Stichprobengröße war eine längere Ausbildungszeit mit besseren Ergebnissen korrelierbar. Dahingegen waren für das Geschlecht und auch das Ausmaß der White Matter Lesions keine eindeutigen Korrelationen mit niedrigeren Testergebnissen festzustellen. Für den CAMCOG-Quotienten konnten für die Anwendung bei kognitiv eingeschränkten Patienten keine Einflussfaktoren identifiziert werden. Zusammenfassung Erwartungsgemäß waren in den beiden Untersuchungsgruppen deutliche kognitive Defizite feststellbar, wobei in fast allen durchgeführten Tests die Gruppe CSVD+ die schlechteren Ergebnisse erzielte. Statistische Signifikanz erreichte dies jedoch lediglich in einem durchgeführten Standardtest, was zeigt, dass Patienten mit reiner zerebraler Mikroangiopathie und einer Mischform bei gleichzeitiger Alzheimerdemenz anhand einer neuropsychologischen Untersuchung nur schwer von einander unterscheidbar sind. In dieser schwierigen differentialdiagnostischen Frage bietet der neu entwickelte CAMCOG-Quotient ein gutes Hilfsmittel. Von den hier untersuchten Einflussfaktoren auf die kognitiven Fähigkeiten der Patienten hatte lediglich das Alter einen eindeutig negativen Einfluss. Dieser war für den CAMCOG-Quotient nicht nachweisbar, womit dieser altersunabhängig eingesetzt werden kann. Als interessanten und klinisch relevanten Nebenaspekt zeigte sich bei dieser Arbeit, dass der MMST als Screeningtest bei Patienten mit White Matter Lesions kein ausreichendes Diagnostikum zum Ausschluss kognitiver Defizite darstellt.

This thesis reports the development, testing, and application of computer programs for simulating Lagrangian-Stochastic particle dispersion in coastal seas, with particular application to tide and storm induced dispersion in South Australian seas. The three-dimensional tidal equations are briefly discussed for the two types of surge models used, and finite-difference methods for numerically solving these equations are considered. Different methods of simulating flows at open sea boundaries are investigated. The method of particle tracking and the development of the particle tracking model is also described. Various tests are conducted to investigate both the advective and diffusive aspects of dispersion, and a number of scenarios for the simulation of open (ocean) and closed (coastal) boundaries are considered. Various aspects of the particle tracking routine are given specific characteristics according to the nature of the particle being considered. Application of the tide and storm surge model to the Great Australian Bight is described. This uses spherical polar co-ordinates to account for the curvature of the earth, and an oblique boundary element to increase accuracy of the coastline representation. The effect of a low pressure system moving from west to east across the Bight and the resulting significant observed surge at Thevenard during the storm of April 1996 is simulated. This storm resulted in a significant number of deaths in aquaculture farms containing southern bluefin tuna (Thunnas maccoyii) within the Boston Bay region to the extreme east of the Bight due to the agitation of almost neutrally buoyant organic sediments at the sea floor. The effects of this storm are further considered using a Cartesian co-ordinate fine-grid local model of Boston Bay, in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, where both tidal and storm (wind and outside surge) induced flows are simulated. The dispersion of suspended neutrally buoyant sediment throughout the region is considered, and compared with the mortalities of tuna at various farms within the region. Tidal and storm induced currents in the Gulf St. Vincent region, South Australia, have also been modelled using Cartesian co-ordinates. Detailed consideration has been given to the modelling of tides, winds, atmospheric pressures and outside surges from the two open boundaries in Investigator Strait and Backstairs Passage. The information obtained has enabled the modelling of a number of storm surge scenarios. Further to this, various simulations of the dispersion of the larvae of the western king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) have been driven using the storm surge model developed. These incorporate currents near the surface and the sea floor, as well as the consideration of changes in behaviour during the life history of the larvae. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 2000.

While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

This thesis will study three specific subjects in order to document changing viewpoints in American culture in relation to nationalism, patriotism, and memories from older generations. It will be studying a space- Bunker Hill, a place- Independence Hall and a person- Marquis Lafayette at approximately fifty years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Each subject will explore the ways the memory of the soldiers involved in the American Revolution have been preserved and remembered. It is the intent of this thesis to establish the importance of the passage of time especially when it comes to preserving historic artifacts and buildings and the way the changing associations have on how we preserve these artifacts. / The triumphal tour of Marquis Lafayette -- Independence Hall -- Bunker Hill Monument. / Department of Architecture

While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

This thesis reports the development, testing, and application of computer programs for simulating Lagrangian-Stochastic particle dispersion in coastal seas, with particular application to tide and storm induced dispersion in South Australian seas. The three-dimensional tidal equations are briefly discussed for the two types of surge models used, and finite-difference methods for numerically solving these equations are considered. Different methods of simulating flows at open sea boundaries are investigated. The method of particle tracking and the development of the particle tracking model is also described. Various tests are conducted to investigate both the advective and diffusive aspects of dispersion, and a number of scenarios for the simulation of open (ocean) and closed (coastal) boundaries are considered. Various aspects of the particle tracking routine are given specific characteristics according to the nature of the particle being considered. Application of the tide and storm surge model to the Great Australian Bight is described. This uses spherical polar co-ordinates to account for the curvature of the earth, and an oblique boundary element to increase accuracy of the coastline representation. The effect of a low pressure system moving from west to east across the Bight and the resulting significant observed surge at Thevenard during the storm of April 1996 is simulated. This storm resulted in a significant number of deaths in aquaculture farms containing southern bluefin tuna (Thunnas maccoyii) within the Boston Bay region to the extreme east of the Bight due to the agitation of almost neutrally buoyant organic sediments at the sea floor. The effects of this storm are further considered using a Cartesian co-ordinate fine-grid local model of Boston Bay, in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, where both tidal and storm (wind and outside surge) induced flows are simulated. The dispersion of suspended neutrally buoyant sediment throughout the region is considered, and compared with the mortalities of tuna at various farms within the region. Tidal and storm induced currents in the Gulf St. Vincent region, South Australia, have also been modelled using Cartesian co-ordinates. Detailed consideration has been given to the modelling of tides, winds, atmospheric pressures and outside surges from the two open boundaries in Investigator Strait and Backstairs Passage. The information obtained has enabled the modelling of a number of storm surge scenarios. Further to this, various simulations of the dispersion of the larvae of the western king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) have been driven using the storm surge model developed. These incorporate currents near the surface and the sea floor, as well as the consideration of changes in behaviour during the life history of the larvae. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 2000.

Begun in Berlin, completed in exile in Paris, and premiered on both sides of the Atlantic, Kurt Weill's Symphony No. 2 sets up the symphony circa 1933 as both resolutely international and messily interdisciplinary, and spotlights how fundamentally a transnational approach is needed in order more comprehensively to understand both the genre and the localised political and social issues shaping symphonic discourse at this time. Taking the issues raised by Weill's symphony as a starting point, and borrowing fine-grained, historically synchronic approaches from year studies, this thesis examines the symphonic genre in 1933 through four other case-study works composed or premiered in that year. I thus position the symphony as a site of cultural exchange between and within the major contexts traversed by Weill and his work: Berlin, Paris, and a messier U.S. East-Coast nexus that centres on New York and Boston, via Mexico City, looking in detail at Hans Pfitzner's Symphony in C-sharp minor, Roy Harris's Symphony 1933, Aaron Copland's Short Symphony, and Arthur Honegger's Mouvement Symphonique nr. 3. The Germanic genre has long been associated with nationalism, monumentality, and power display, wedded to Germanic Enlightenment philosophical discourses about universalised selfhood and its relationship to society. 1933, the year in which Hitler took power and the Great Depression reached its peak, was politically and economically fraught, concentrating social questions that intersect with symphonic issues about power, selfhood, space, and mass audiences. It is also a neglected year within symphonic surveys. The thesis combines archival work and hermeneutic perspectives to foreground those social and political discourses historically associated with the genre. I argue for the significance of their differing legacies in co-existent contexts, for the complicity of the genre in establishing and perpetuating political and colonial hegemonies, and for the urgency of rethinking the symphony as an international phenomenon.