A partir da constatação dos diversos modos de formalização da experiência temporal na música do século 20, pretende-se analisar a consolidação do conceito de tempo musical no pensamento de Theodor W. Adorno. O escopo adotado será sua crítica ao serialismo pós- Webern, vinculada ao debate com os compositores da Escola de Darmstadt nas décadas de 1950 e 60, e sobre a qual operam seus conceitos de material e música informal. Um duplo propósito orienta a tese. Primeiramente, trata-se de esclarecer os referenciais do conceito de tempo que Adorno mobiliza em seus escritos musicais, tomando por base a reciprocidade entre categorias filosóficas e musicais que o filósofo sempre sustentou em seu percurso intelectual. História da filosofia e história da música constituem, para Adorno, campos para uma crítica convergente à progressiva espacialização e destemporalização do tempo. Nesse sentido, os Beethoven-Fragmente contribuem para uma primeira elucidação do conceito materialista. Já os ensaios sobre Stravinsky e sobre as relações entre música e pintura demonstram o potencial crítico e especulativo do conceito. Em um segundo momento, a tese procura descrever, em contraponto ao pensamento adorniano, as abordagens teóricas propostas por Pierre Boulez e Karlheinz Stockhausen sobre o problemática do tempo musical, com as quais Adorno teve contato. Identificamos, então, no encaminhamento programático de uma música informal o ponto culminante da crítica de Adorno às orientações teóricas e práticas da vanguarda serialista no pós-guerra. Notamos que sua intensa participação nos cursos de Darmstadt entre 1952 e 1966 (onde atuou como professor, crítico, conferencista e organizador de debates) esteve fortemente alinhada à sua produção ensaística e monográfica voltada à música no mesmo período. Nesse sentido, acreditamos que a confrontação com os compositores de Darmstadt viabilizou uma ocasião decisiva para que o filósofo expusesse criticamente e colocasse à prova os critérios de seu conceito de tempo musical. / This dissertation concerns the concept of musical time in Adornos philosophy and emphasizes his critique of post-Webern serialism, noticeable in his frequent interventions in the context of the Kranichstein-Darmstadt Summer Courses and the radio debates during the 1950s and 60s. These include controversial essays like Das Altern der neuen Musik, Die Funktion des Kontrapunkts in der neuen Musik, Kriterien der neuen Musik as well as his later related programmatic notion of informal music presented in the Darmstadt lecture Vers une musique informelle (1961). In these interventions, Adorno insists whether explicitly or not on the conservancy of a specific way of structuring inner temporal relationships between musical events. This type of formalization and perception of time became eluded with the advance of avant-garde compositional procedures. The dissertation has two parts and a dual purpose. First, it examines the references to the specific notion of time that Adorno develops in his musical thought, contemplating the reciprocity between philosophical and musical categories held by his historical-materialist approach. This philosophical framework ascribes a progressive rationalization or detemporalization of time in Western culture through the advance of Enlightenment, which would also be recognizable in the history of musical forms. Hence, for Adorno, detemporalization of time (title of an important sub-chapter of Negative Dialektik) in philosophy resulted from a symmetrical thrust that imposed a progressive spatialization of musical time (a central claim from Philosophie der neuen Musik). The late published Beethoven-Fragmente offers a great deal of elucidation about his concept of musical time; whereas his Stravinsky critique and the essays on the relationship between music and painting clearly shape the critical singularity of the concept. Secondly, this dissertation describes, as a counterpoint to Adornos concept, the theoretical approaches proposed by Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen on musical time. It is shown why the notion of informal music can be considered the epitome of Adornos musical reflection after Philosophie der neuen Musik (1949), considering his ambivalent criticism of these post-war avant-garde orientations. In short, one observes that Adornos regular attendance of the Darmstadt Summer Courses, from 1950 until 1966, is closely linked to his publications and thoughts on music aesthetics of the same period. We argue that these reflections on the directions of the avant-garde provided him the opportunity to better present and confront the elements of his concept of musical time.

Que la réflexion du compositeur sur la technique et l’histoire des règles de l’écriture musicale constitue une pratique de soi, l’exercice d’une subjectivation qui suspend normes et pouvoirs du dehors, les déplace, les informe autrement, crève l’écran de l’écriture, et institue, dans la pratique compositionnelle, un sujet de l’écriture, une subjectivité autonome, c'est-à-dire musicale — voilà ce qu’il faut entendre par politique de l’écriture musicale. Que la musique génère des puissances capables d’anéantir tous les écrans qui s’interposent entre l’œuvre et l’auditeur, qu’un sujet de l’écoute soit fabriqué dans un faire corps rituel avec la musique, voire qu’un homme nouveau, une humanité régénérée surgissent d’un laboratoire sacré de l’écoute — voilà ce qu’il faut entendre par politique de l’écoute musicale. Deux compositeurs que cette question travaille ; deux dates pour la circonscrire et la problématiser. Pierre Boulez en 1950, ou comment un degré zéro de l’écriture met en crise une subjectivité cherchant dans la structure le chiffre d’une expérience radicale, fondamentale, fondatrice — homme structural devenu la variable humaine d’une prolifération qui le dépasse. Karlheinz Stockhausen ou comment ce qu’il s’est passé à New York le 11 septembre 2001 fut la plus grande œuvre d’art pour le cosmos tout entier — rêve d’une œuvre d’art totale, réveil de l’obsession de Richard Wagner, et révélation d’une expérience musicale et d’une expérience politique que seules la technologie et la marchandise mettent en œuvre. Des structures et des hymnes, des hélicoptères et des éclats, et, à la fin du parcours, un carnaval symphonique. / That reflection of the composer on the technique and the history of the rules of musical writing constitutes a practice of the self and the exercise of a subjectivation which suspends norms and powers from the outside, moves them, informs them in another way, passes through the screen of writing, and institutes, in the practice of composition, a subject of the writing, an autonomous, that is musical subjectivity — that is how one has to understand politics of musical writing. That music gathers powers capable of annihilating any screen which intervene between the work and the listener, that a subject of listening is ritually made by an identification between bodies and music, even that a new man, a regenerated humanity appear from a sacred laboratory of the listening — that is what it is necessary to listen by politics of musical listening. Two composers whom this question works; two dates to define and problematize it. Pierre Boulez in 1950, or how a writing degree zero puts into crisis a subjectivity looking in the structure for the figure of a radical, fundamental, founding experience — a structural man which becomes the human variable of a proliferation which exceeds him. Karlheinz Stockhausen, or how what it happened in New York September 11th, 2001 was the greatest work of art for the whole cosmos — dream of a total work of art, awakening of Richard Wagner's obsession, and revelation of a musical experience and a political experience which only the technology and the commodity operate.Structures and hymns, helicopters and fragments, and, at the end of the route, a symphonic carnival.

A partir da constatação dos diversos modos de formalização da experiência temporal na música do século 20, pretende-se analisar a consolidação do conceito de tempo musical no pensamento de Theodor W. Adorno. O escopo adotado será sua crítica ao serialismo pós- Webern, vinculada ao debate com os compositores da Escola de Darmstadt nas décadas de 1950 e 60, e sobre a qual operam seus conceitos de material e música informal. Um duplo propósito orienta a tese. Primeiramente, trata-se de esclarecer os referenciais do conceito de tempo que Adorno mobiliza em seus escritos musicais, tomando por base a reciprocidade entre categorias filosóficas e musicais que o filósofo sempre sustentou em seu percurso intelectual. História da filosofia e história da música constituem, para Adorno, campos para uma crítica convergente à progressiva espacialização e destemporalização do tempo. Nesse sentido, os Beethoven-Fragmente contribuem para uma primeira elucidação do conceito materialista. Já os ensaios sobre Stravinsky e sobre as relações entre música e pintura demonstram o potencial crítico e especulativo do conceito. Em um segundo momento, a tese procura descrever, em contraponto ao pensamento adorniano, as abordagens teóricas propostas por Pierre Boulez e Karlheinz Stockhausen sobre o problemática do tempo musical, com as quais Adorno teve contato. Identificamos, então, no encaminhamento programático de uma música informal o ponto culminante da crítica de Adorno às orientações teóricas e práticas da vanguarda serialista no pós-guerra. Notamos que sua intensa participação nos cursos de Darmstadt entre 1952 e 1966 (onde atuou como professor, crítico, conferencista e organizador de debates) esteve fortemente alinhada à sua produção ensaística e monográfica voltada à música no mesmo período. Nesse sentido, acreditamos que a confrontação com os compositores de Darmstadt viabilizou uma ocasião decisiva para que o filósofo expusesse criticamente e colocasse à prova os critérios de seu conceito de tempo musical. / This dissertation concerns the concept of musical time in Adornos philosophy and emphasizes his critique of post-Webern serialism, noticeable in his frequent interventions in the context of the Kranichstein-Darmstadt Summer Courses and the radio debates during the 1950s and 60s. These include controversial essays like Das Altern der neuen Musik, Die Funktion des Kontrapunkts in der neuen Musik, Kriterien der neuen Musik as well as his later related programmatic notion of informal music presented in the Darmstadt lecture Vers une musique informelle (1961). In these interventions, Adorno insists whether explicitly or not on the conservancy of a specific way of structuring inner temporal relationships between musical events. This type of formalization and perception of time became eluded with the advance of avant-garde compositional procedures. The dissertation has two parts and a dual purpose. First, it examines the references to the specific notion of time that Adorno develops in his musical thought, contemplating the reciprocity between philosophical and musical categories held by his historical-materialist approach. This philosophical framework ascribes a progressive rationalization or detemporalization of time in Western culture through the advance of Enlightenment, which would also be recognizable in the history of musical forms. Hence, for Adorno, detemporalization of time (title of an important sub-chapter of Negative Dialektik) in philosophy resulted from a symmetrical thrust that imposed a progressive spatialization of musical time (a central claim from Philosophie der neuen Musik). The late published Beethoven-Fragmente offers a great deal of elucidation about his concept of musical time; whereas his Stravinsky critique and the essays on the relationship between music and painting clearly shape the critical singularity of the concept. Secondly, this dissertation describes, as a counterpoint to Adornos concept, the theoretical approaches proposed by Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen on musical time. It is shown why the notion of informal music can be considered the epitome of Adornos musical reflection after Philosophie der neuen Musik (1949), considering his ambivalent criticism of these post-war avant-garde orientations. In short, one observes that Adornos regular attendance of the Darmstadt Summer Courses, from 1950 until 1966, is closely linked to his publications and thoughts on music aesthetics of the same period. We argue that these reflections on the directions of the avant-garde provided him the opportunity to better present and confront the elements of his concept of musical time.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007.

Orientador: Silvio Ferraz Mello Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Afonso_LuisAntonioEugenio_D.pdf: 4378446 bytes, checksum: 6e099355d88b059fe281e3f02bbad006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como intenção fundamental a realização musical da obra ¿Dialogue de L¿Ombre Double¿, de Pierre Boulez, composta para clarinete solo ao vivo, clarinete pré-gravado e Live Electronics. O projeto investiga o processo que o intérprete percorre para vencer os recursos técnicos exigidos pela escrita musical do compositor, com momentos de reflexão interpretativa a respeito dessas exigências estilísticas e técnicas que a linguagem da música contemporânea requer, apresentando algumas visões técnico-interpretativas usadas pelo intérprete na realização progressiva da obra em questão. São apresentadas também discussões entre o intérprete e alguns compositores brasileiros convidados, sobre essas especificidades técnico-interpretativas em trechos desta obra, bem como uma breve descrição das técnicas utilizadas por Boulez tanto para a realização dos trechos pré-gravados, realizados em estúdio, como para a sonorização e a espacialização do som na sala de concerto, no momento da performance / Abstract: The fundamental intention of the present work is the musical realization of the oeuvre ¿Dialogue de L¿Ombre Double¿, from Pierre Boulez, composed for live solo clarinet, together with pre-recorded clarinet and Live Electronics. The project relates the investigation of the process that the performer goes through in order to master the technical resources demanded by the musical writing of the composer, with moments of interpretative reflections regarding the challenges and types of language that contemporary music requires, presenting a few technical-interpretative points of view used by the performer throughout the progressive realization of the researched oeuvre. Discussions between the performer and some invited Brazilian composers regarding the technical-interpretative specificities used in parts of the work are also presented, as well as a brief description of the techniques employed by Boulez for the sonorization and specialization of the sound in the concert hall during the performance / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

Pierre Boulez’ notations existieren in drei verschiedenen Fassungen. Die großen, Ende der 70er Jahre entstandenen Orchesterstücke mit dem Titel Notations pour orchestre gehen auf die douze notations pour piano zurück: einen Zyklus von zwölf Klavierminiaturen, den der 20-jährige bereits 1945 komponiert hatte aber erst 1985 veröffentlichte. Weniger bekannt ist, dass Boulez mit Onze Notations schon kurz nach der Komposition des Klavierwerks eine erste Instrumentation von elf Nummern aus dem Zyklus angefertigt hatte. Im Folgenden wird die konträre Herangehensweise in den beiden Bearbeitungen für Orchester herausgearbeitet. Anhand von notation 3 wird gezeigt wie Boulez, der 1946 noch sehr nah am Original entlang instrumentierte, das Stück für seine spätere Fassung breit auswalzte und dabei stark anreicherte und ergänzte. Da es sich in beiden Fällen um Beispiele für die Orchestrierung von Klavierstücken handelt, die damit ein praktisches Beispiel für eine beliebte Aufgabe im Instrumentationsunterricht liefern, wird außerdem die Frage der Verwendbarkeit der Stücke in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert. / Pierre Boulez’s notation exist in three different versions. The large orchestral piece that originated in the late 1970’s with the title Notation pour orchestre can be traced to the douze notations pour piano, a cycle of twelve miniatures for piano already composed at twenty years of age in 1945 but first published in 1985. Less known is the fact that, shortly after the composition of this keyboard work, Boulex published a first instrumentation of eleven numbers from this cycle titled Onze Notations. This article will examine the different approaches to the two transcriptions for orchestra. Using notation 3 as an example, it will be shown how Boulez still orchestrated very true to the original in 1946, but then made many augmentations and additions to the same piece in the later version. Since in both cases we are dealing with an example of the orchestration of a keyboard piece, and thus a practical example for a common exercise in orchestration lessons, the question regarding the use of these pieces in this context will be discussed.

Cette recherche de thèse vise à reconstruire des éléments de genèse de la composition électroacoustique de Pierre Boulez dans les années cinquante à travers l’étude d’esquisses et de manuscrits conservés au Paul Sacher Stiftung. Notre thèse s’est fondée sur deux approches complémentaires : la reconstitution du contexte musical, esthétique et historique et l’étude des esquisses. Dans la Partie I, nous avons tout d’abord examiné les Fonds Pierre Schaeffer afin de retracer le déroulement du premier stage de musique concrète au GRMC. La réorganisation des esquisses et la reconstitution du processus de montage sonore nous ont permis de souligner que la composition des deux études de musique concrète (1951-52) était une étape indispensable pour le développement de la pensée sérielle de Boulez dans le sérialisme intégral. Dans la Partie II, nous avons mis en relation la composition de Symphonie mécanique (1955) et Poésie pour pouvoir (1958) avec le concept de « sons organisés » dans Déserts (1954) d’Edgard Varèse en traçant la transition de la musique concrète à la musique mixte. Boulez y a développé la notion de « blocs sonores » originairement exploitée dans l’écriture instrumentale et orchestrale. Notre étude a éclairé que Boulez avait procédé par tâtonnements de façon cohérente et développée afin de réaliser l’intégration des mondes instrumentaux et électroacoustiques. En ce sens, il est raisonnable que Poésie pour pouvoir soit considérée comme l’origine de la « musique mixte » chez Pierre Boulez. Par ailleurs, cette tentative de confrontation était inévitable pour Boulez afin de réaliser la transmutation musicale de l’exorcisme corporel du poème de Henri Michaux. / This research aims to reconstruct the compositional process of Pierre Boulez’s electroacoustic compositions of the fifties through the study of sketches and manuscripts preserved at the Paul Sacher Stiftung. Our thesis was based on two complementary approaches: the reconstruction of the musical, aesthetic and historical context and study of the sketches. In Part I, we first examined the Pierre Schaeffer archives in order to explore the program of the first musique concrète workshop at the GRMC. The eorganization of the sketches and the reconstruction of the process of sound synthesis allowed us to emphasize that Boulez’s composition of the two musique concrète studies (1951-52) was an indispensable stage for the development of his concept of serialism. In Part II, we related the composition of Symphonie mécanique (1955) and Poésie pour pouvoir (1958) to Edgard Varèse's concept of "Organized sound" in Déserts (1954) by tracing the transition of musique concrète to electroacoustic music. Boulez developed in his electroacoustic pieces the notion of "sound blocks" originally used in instrumental and orchestral pieces. Our study reveals that Boulez proceeded by trial and error in a coherent and developed way in order to realize the integration of the instrumental and electroacoustic sounds. In this sense, it is reasonable for Poésie pour pouvoir to be considered as the origin of mixed music in Pierre Boulez’s oeuvre. This confrontation of the instrumental and electroacoustic sounds was essential for Boulez’s realization of a musical translation of Henri Michaux's poem.

No description available.

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la bibliothèque de musique de l'Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / L’œuvre musicale de Pierre Boulez est l’une des œuvres majeures de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle. Celle-ci a évolué entre 1945 et 2008 conjointement avec les écrits de Boulez, dans lesquels sa réflexion traite, successivement, les différents aspects de son langage : la théorie entre 1948 et 1963, puis l’esthétique entre 1963 et 1995. Cette évolution, les enjeux et les contours de l’œuvre musicale de Boulez ne pouvaient être envisagés par la seule étude des œuvres officiellement acceptées. Il était nécessaire d’étudier l’ensemble des compositions secondaires, achevées ou non, reconnues ou non, de même que l’ensemble des versions successives pour chaque œuvre ; cette démarche a donc nécessité la collecte et l’analyse de l’ensemble de ces sources. Depuis 1986, les archives de Boulez sont contractuellement destinées à la Fondation Paul Sacher de Bâle, cependant de nombreuses sources, esquisses, manuscrits et correspondances restent dispersés, voire perdus. C’est le cas notamment des œuvres de jeunesse, ainsi que des œuvres récentes dont les fonds n’ont pas encore été déposés à la Fondation. Cette thèse est avant toute chose une thèse d’analyse. Au regard des travaux déjà existants, nous avons choisi de restreindre notre corpus d’œuvres aux compositions des deux périodes 1945-1949, puis 1965-2008, à la fois extrêmes et représentatives de l’évolution esthétique et scripturaires de Boulez. En fonction de la disponibilité des sources, nous avons privilégié une approche poïétique inductive, pour reprendre l’idée de la tripartition, dans le cadre de la sémiologie musicale telle qu’élaborée par Jean Molino et Jean-Jacques Nattiez au milieu des années 1970, c’est-à-dire avec pour seul support la ou les partitions disponibles (Répons, Initiale, Incises et sur Incises), ou une approche poïétique externe, c'est-à-dire de reconstitution, à l’aide des esquisses, des processus compositionnels (œuvres de jeunesse, Dérive 2, Domaines, Dialogue de l’ombre double, Anthèmes, Anthèmes 2). Le premier livre de cette thèse traite des évolutions esthétiques de Boulez. Les deux analyses proposées dans le second livre, consacrées aux deux groupes d’œuvres Domaines/Dialogue de l’ombre double et Anthèmes/Anthèmes 2, ont pour objectif de démontrer la complexité toujours présente ainsi que la rigueur de la démarche compositionnelle de Boulez à la lumière des esquisses, nonobstant une simplicité apparente des éléments constitutifs. Nous espérons que notre travail contribuera à clarifier la construction progressive du langage de Boulez, ainsi que la perception de ses œuvres. / Pierre Boulez’s musical compositions are one of the most important compositions in the second half of the twentieth century. They moved a lot between 1945 and 2008 together with his written works, in which his thought deals successively with the different aspects of his language : the theory between 1948 and 1963, then the esthetics between 1963 and 1995. Studying only the officially accepted works is not sufficient to understand this evolution, the issues and the outlines of Boulez’s music. It was necessary to study all the compositions of secondary importance - even if they were not finished or recognized - and all the successive versions of each work ; that’s why all these sources had to be collected and analyzed. It has been contractually intended since 1986 that the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel should have Boulez’s archives, however many sources, sketches, manuscripts and mails are still scattered or lost. That is what happened to some early works and some recent works that have not been registered in the Foundation yet. This doctoral dissertation is above all a work of analysis. From the viewpoint of the works that have already been done, I chose to restrict my study to the compositions of two periods – 1945-1949 and then 1965-2008 – which are extreme and representative of the evolution of Boulez’s esthetic and composition. According to the sources’ availability, I favored an approach called “poïétique inductive” – to take up again the idea of “tripartition” – within the context of music semiology as it was elaborated by Jean Molino1 and Jean-Jacques Nattiez2 in the middle of the seventies, that is to say by studying only the available scores – Répons, Initiale, Incises and sur Incises- or an approach called “poïetique externe”, that is to say by reconstituting with sketches processes of composition (early works, Dérives 2, Domaines, Dialogue de l’ombre double, Anthèmes, Anthèmes 2). The first part of this doctoral dissertation deals with Boulez’s esthetic evolutions. The two analyses in the second part – devoted to Domaines/Dialogue de l’ombre double and Anthèmes/Anthèmes 2 – aim at demonstrating in the light of the sketches the complexity and the rigour of Boulez’s reasoning when he composes, although the constituents seem apparently simple. I hope that this work will contribute to making clearer the gradual construction of Boulez’s language and the perception of his works.

This practice-based research articulates a performer's perspective from within the rapidly expanding field of mixed music, wherein traditional acoustic instruments are augmented by means of live electronics. Contemporary technology presents a panoply of sonic and interactive affordances and diverse avenues of potential for a contemporary practice of the clarinet. Pursuing a move from a technically passive approach towards self-efficient onstage operation, the author articulates a journey in which a hybridity of instrumental expertise and technical naivety develops into an embedded practice. A framework of humanising is proposed to establish codes of practice based on the embodied skill and priorities of the onstage performer. A pragmatic and personal approach emerges to managing issues of sound, control, and engagement, with an emphasis on viable rehearsal and performance practices that ultimately privilege an ongoing attention to liveness. The portfolio of sound recordings and the observances contained in this thesis contribute to a growing body of performer-led accounts in a rich environment for the development of new creative work and collaboration, and to facilitating access to interactive music for performers wishing to explore the field. A set of case studies trace three broad roles across a spectrum of creative agency within an interdisciplinary practice of the clarinet, situated at a nexus of diverse approaches - from performing composed works (executant interpreter) to non-idiomatic free improvisation (enactive composer), via hybrid works that blur these authorial distinctions (enabled interpreter). Negotiating multiple, interdependent influences within these respective performance ecologies, and moving over time from a status of technical novice towards one of proficiency and expertise (Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1980), a growing sense of embodied instrumentality is encountered (Nijs et al. 2009). The additional technology becomes less an extension of the instrument, rather the performer becomes present in a new holistic entity (Riva 2009; Rebelo 2006), with an attendant, ongoing re-evaluation of personal sound concept. Instrumental musicianship is reframed as inhabiting an assemblage of tools that filter and resonate physical energy, identity, and culture, and is directed towards an optimal performing presence.